Evaluation of Viral Subgenomic RNAs and Antigen Presence in SARS-CoV-2 PCR Positive Cases

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dc.contributor.authorBuyukzengin, Kazim Batihan
dc.contributor.authorAlper Akçalı
dc.contributor.authorAlkan, Sevil
dc.contributor.authorAkdur, Gokhan
dc.date.accessioned2025-01-27T21:21:21Z
dc.date.available2025-01-27T21:21:21Z
dc.date.issued2024
dc.departmentÇanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractPolymerase chain reaction (PCR) and antigen test (AgT) are frequently used in the diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Routine PCR tests that detect the virus genome cannot determine whether the virus is infectious or not. However, detection of subgenomic RNA (sgRNA) produced during the replication period may indicate active viral infection. Active virus detection can offer various health and economic benefits from isolation time to treatment. Antigen tests are also considered as indicators of infectiousness since they can detect viruses above a certain load amount. The aim of this study was to use two different subgenomic RNAs and antigen test instead of genomic RNA to examine the relationship with each other and the clinic in terms of infectiousness. Evaluating the antigen test together with subgenomic RNA as an indicator of infectiousness may show the importance of this test. SARS-CoV-2 PCR positive 109 naso/oropharyngeal swab samples stored at-80 degrees C were included in the study. In order to confirm the PCR positivity of these samples, E gene PCR was performed and AgT, and E and N sgRNA quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-qPCR) detection was performed. Of the 109 SARSCoV-2 PCR positive samples, 83 (76.14%) had antigen test positivity, 88 (80.73%) had E gene sgRNA, 96 (88.07%) had N gene sgRNA and 97 (89%) had at least one sgRNA positivity.The antigen test was found positive in 77.3% of the samples in which at least one sgRNA was detected and in 66.7% of the negative samples and this difference was not statistically significant (p= 0.475). The difference between E sgRNA and AgT positivity was significant (p= 0.023). N sgRNA was positive in 98.9% of E sgRNA positive samples and 42.9% of the negative samples and this difference was statistically significant (p= 0.0001). The AgT positivity rate was found to be 98.15% (53/54) for cycle threshold (Ct) value <= 25, 57.14% (12/21) for Ct 25-30, and 52.94% (18/34) for Ct >= 30. The difference in antigen test positivity between E gRNA Ct value <= 25 and > 25, <= 29 and > 29, < 30 and >= 30 was statistically significant (p= 0.0001). Antigen test positivity appears to be associated with viral load and infectivity, as expected. In our study, it has been shown that sgRNAs and AgT which are indicators of infectiousness can be detected at least 10 days after the symptom period. Using these two tests together could detect infective individuals with higher accuracy and shorten the duration of hospital stay and isolation.
dc.identifier.doi10.5578/mb.20240037
dc.identifier.endpage320
dc.identifier.issn0374-9096
dc.identifier.issue3
dc.identifier.pmid39046212
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85199358854
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ3
dc.identifier.startpage309
dc.identifier.trdizinid1250568
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.5578/mb.20240037
dc.identifier.urihttps://search.trdizin.gov.tr/tr/yayin/detay/1250568
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12428/28912
dc.identifier.volume58
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001293223400007
dc.identifier.wosqualityN/A
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.indekslendigikaynakTR-Dizin
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMed
dc.language.isotr
dc.publisherAnkara Microbiology Soc
dc.relation.ispartofMikrobiyoloji Bulteni
dc.relation.publicationcategoryinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.snmzKA_WoS_20250125
dc.subjectSARS-CoV-2
dc.subjectCOVID-19
dc.subjectPCR
dc.subjectsubgenomicRNA
dc.subjectantigen test
dc.titleEvaluation of Viral Subgenomic RNAs and Antigen Presence in SARS-CoV-2 PCR Positive Cases
dc.title.alternativeSARS-CoV-2 PCR Pozitif Olgularda Viral Subgenomik RNA’ların ve Antijen Varlığının Değerlendirilmesi
dc.typeArticle

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