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Öğe IDEAL CONVERGENCE IN FUZZY METRIC SPACES(Turkic World Mathematical Soc, 2025) Or, Aykut; Karabacak, G.In this paper, the concepts of K-convergence, K-Cauchy sequences, K-& lowast;- convergence, and K-& lowast;-Cauchy sequences in fuzzy metric spaces is proposed. Also, a few fundamental properties of these concepts are investigated. Then, the concepts of K-limit and /C-cluster points of a sequence in these spaces is defined. Afterwards, some of their basic properties is examined. Finally, the need for further research is discussed.Öğe Evaluation of the opacity and protein quality of maize kernels by image analysis(Maydica-Ist Sper Cerealicoltur, 2025) Üçkan, Kerem; Şentürk, Nilay; Uydaş, Melike; Kahrıman, FatihThe protein content and quality in maize significantly influence grain quality, driving global efforts to develop high-protein-quality genotypes. Opacity serves as a key phenotypic selection criterion in these efforts due to its relationship with essential amino acid content. This study investigates the differentiation of opaque maize kernels using computer-aided software and explores the relationship between opacity levels and color spaces (RGB, HSV, Lab). Seed samples from 10 maize genotypes (1000 seeds) with varying opacity levels were imaged on a light table in embryo-up and embryo-down orientations. Particle analysis and thresholding performed in R determined opacity levels and provided numerical data for RGB, HSV, and Lab color spaces. Protein, lysine, and tryptophan contents were analyzed through reference methods. Correlation and regression analyses assessed relationships between opacity levels (visual and image-processed) and biochemical components, and color space channels. Protein content ranged from 6.66% to 11.62%, lysine from 0.266% to 0.450%, and tryptophan from 0.034% to 0.092% among opacity groups. Relationships between visual and image-processed opacity levels showed R2 = 0.57 (embryo-up) and R2 = 0.65 (embryo-down). Notably, channels of the HSV color space correlated with lysine and tryptophan contents. This study demonstrates that image processing effectively evaluates opacity levels and protein quality in maize using color space data, offering a promising tool for phenotypic selection.Öğe Do uncertainties and risks have an impact on cryptocurrency returns? Evidence from the symmetric and asymmetric fourier quantile causality test(Univ Chile Dept Economics, 2025) Kılcı, Esra N.; Yılancı, VeliThis paper explores the impact of uncertainties and risks on the returns of cryptocurrencies by considering the two dimensions of uncertainty sourcing from economic policy uncertainty and geopolitical risk. Therefore, we analyze whether there is a causality from the global economic policy uncertainty (GEPU) and geopolitical risk (GPR) to the cryptocurrency returns in the period from 2015:01 through 2023:05. In our analysis, we use the GEPU and GPR indexes as independent variables and the historical values of Bitcoin, Ethereum, Litecoin, Ripple, Monero, and Dash as dependent variables. We employ the Fourier augmented causality test considering the original series, and also the positive and negative components of the series. Our findings reveal that the GPR has predictive power for all cryptocurrencies while GEPU has not predictive power for only Bitcoin. Furthermore, we find evidence of the causality nexus that runs from negative shocks of GEPU to the negative shocks of Litecoin and Ripple, and from the negative shocks of GPR to the negative shocks of Litecoin and Monero indicating when there are significant decreases at the GEPU, these values can be used to predict the decreases of Litecoin and Ripple. Similarly, we can also imply it for the causality relationship from GPR to Litecoin and Monero. When we consider there might be a causal relationship not only between shocks of the same type but also between different types of shocks we find that there is unidirectional causality from negative shocks of GEPU to the positive shocks of Dash, Ethereum, and Monero at the high return phase, and from positive shocks of GEPU to the negative shocks of Ethereum, and from positive shocks of GPR to the negative components of Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Ripple at the bearish market conditions.Öğe Determining the Biogas Potential from Animal Manure in Canakkale and Creating an Electricity Generation Capacity Map(Int Journal Renewable Energy Research, 2025) Oğuz, Emrah; Oğuz, YükselIn this study, the biogas production potential from animal manure in Canakkale was determined and the electrical energy production capacity of the province was determined. According to the 2021 cattle, small ruminant, and poultry numbers received from the Provincial Directorate of Agriculture and Forestry, the cattle, small ruminant, and poultry manure amounts of all districts were calculated. Then, the amount of biogas that could be produced was calculated based on this data digital maps of the province were created by calculating the equivalent electrical energy production values of all districts with the biogas energy potentials that can be obtained. It has been calculated that a total of 119,715,927.80 m(3) of biogas can be obtained annually throughout the province. The total annual equivalent electrical energy of this potential is 562,664.86 MWh. In line with the data obtained, it has been determined that Canakkale has a 70 MW biogas power plant potential.Öğe The role of ICT, human capital and economic growth on sustainable forest management: evidence from panel cointegration and Fourier causality tests(Commonwealth Forestry Assoc, 2025) Soyyiğit, S.; Solarin, S.; Kılıç, Cüneyt; Akcan, A. T.; Kazak, H.Forests provide a critical role in many ecosystem services such as biodiversity conservation, soil erosion prevention, land conservation and climate change mitigation. However, forest degradation and deforestation have been increasing globally in recent years, causing serious environmental and social problems. The main objective of this study is to analyze the impacts of information and communication technologies (ICT), human capital (HC) and economic growth on forest degradation and deforestation and to assess the effectiveness of ICT and HC policies in sustainable forest management. For this purpose, data from 28 countries covering the period 1993-2020 were analyzed with Fourier-based panel cointegration and causality tests. The findings show that economic growth increases the footprint of forest products in the long run, whereas ICT and human capital reduce the footprint of forest products. Moreover, a causal relationship from ICT and human capital to forest products footprint was found to be valid in countries with high forest density. On the other hand, a causal relationship from economic growth to forest product footprint was found to hold in countries with relatively low forest density. These results provide important clues for the development of sustainable forest management policies and suggest that promoting ICT and human capital should be part of a sustainable forest management agenda. In this context, it is recommended that policymakers prioritize ICT-based monitoring and warning systems in countries with high forest cover, and it is recommended that they prioritize training and capacity building efforts to develop human capital in countries with low forest cover.Öğe Effects of Different Doses of Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) on Pubertal Development and Hormones in Male Syrian Hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus)(Wiley, 2025) Balkan, Emine İnci; Kıral, İlke Ceren; Gündüz, BülentAIM:The effects of lavender, known for its calming effect, on the nervous system and reproductive system are being investigated. This study examines the development of male offspring exposed to different doses of lavender extract from the pregnancy period onwards. METHODS:Eight adult female and forty adult male offspring Syrian hamsters in a long photoperiod (16L) were assigned to four groups: the control group, the groups that received 50 mg/kg, the groups that received 100 mg/kg, and the groups that received 200 mg/kg lavender extract applied. Lavender extract was injected to the pregnant females in the experimental group during the last week of pregnancy and throughout the lactation period. From the 15th day after birth, male offspring were separated into groups of 5, with blood samples taken at midday and midnight. The doses were injected for 40 days. Weekly testis measurements were taken. Changes in serum leptin and testosterone hormones taken at the end of the experiment were determined. Testis histology was examined. RESULTS:The experimental groups showed no significant difference in leptin levels (p>0.05), although testosterone levels remained lower than in the control group (p<0.05). Testicular weights in the 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg groups were significantly lower than in the control group (p<0.05). Additionally, there was a decrease in Leydig cells and spermatogenesis in testicular histology in these groups. CONCLUSIONS:The physiological effects of plant extracts are not well studied, despite the fact that lavender is being used more and more in various fields. However, it is also known that higher dosages lower testosterone hormone levels and suppress the reproductive system in mature animals. This study evaluated the effects of various doses of lavender on the reproductive development of pubertal offspring from pregnancy onward, and for the first time, it was found to have negative impacts on development.Öğe Multiple Linear Regression versus Automatic Linear Modelling [2](Arquivo Brasileiro Medicina Veterinaria Zootecnia, 2024) Genc, S.; Mendes, M.In this study, performances of Multiple Linear Regression and Automatic Linear Modelling are compared for different sample sizes and number of predictors. A comprehensive Monte Carlo simulation study was carried out for this purpose. Random numbers generated from multivariate normal distribution by using RNMVN function of IMSL library of Microsoft FORTRAN Developer Studio composed the material of this study. Results of the simulation study showed that the sample size and the number of predictors are the main factors that lead to produce different results. Although both methods gave very similar results especially when studied with large sample sizes (n >= 100), the Automatic linear modelling is preferred for analyzing data sets due to its simplicity in analyzing data and interpreting the results, ability to present results visually and providing more detailed information especially studying large complex data sets. It will be beneficial to use the Automatic linear modelling especially in analyzing massive and complex data sets for the purposes of investigating the relationships between one continuous dependent and 10 or more predictors and determine the factors that affect the response or target variable. At the same time, it will also be possible to evaluate the effect of each predictor with a more detailed response.Öğe A Revisit of Tourism and Growth Nexus in the Provinces of China based on Bootstrap Panel Causality Test with a Fourier Function(Inst Economic Forecasting, 2024) Chang, Tsangyao; Yılancı, Veli; Wang, Mei-Chih; Min, JenniferIn this study, we collect annual data for 30 regions in China using tourism receipts and gross domestic product over the period of 1980-2020. Empirical results from Bootstrap Toda-Yamamoto Granger Causality test with a Fourier function, which consider both cross-sectional dependence and multiple smooth breaks, support the evidence of feedback hypothesis in most of the regions except for Jilin that we find the validity of tourism-led-growth hypothesis, Shanxi, and Qinghai where we find the supportive evidence of growth-led-tourism hypothesis, and for Gansu, Ningxia, and Xinjiang where we find the strong evidence of neutrality hypothesis. These results further show the importance of incorporating cross-sectional dependence and smooth breaks in testing the Granger causality. Our empirical results have important policy implications for the regional governments in China conducting tourism policy to sustain its regional economic growth.Öğe The Strategic Role of Circular Economy Innovations and Stakeholder Engagement in Advancing Responsible Production and Consumption(Wiley, 2025) KaoDui, Li; Kongkuah, MaxwellAs the urgency of global sustainability goals intensifies, achieving responsible production and consumption (RPC) has become a critical priority, especially in emerging markets where economic growth must be balanced with environmental stewardship. Businesses play a pivotal role in advancing sustainability, and understanding how governance practices influence RPC is essential for aligning corporate strategies with global objectives. This study investigates how circular economy innovations and stakeholder engagement moderate the link between indigenous directors and RPC. Using secondary data from 439 manufacturing firms across MENA countries between 2012 and 2022, we employed the method of moments quantile regression (MMQR) and fixed effects estimations, addressing endogeneity through GMM modeling and propensity score matching techniques. Our findings demonstrate that indigenous directors significantly enhance RPC across all quantiles. Additionally, circular economy innovations not only advance RPC but also amplify the positive effects of indigenous directors on sustainable practices. Stakeholder engagement further strengthens this relationship, particularly in higher quantiles, underscoring the importance of inclusive governance for achieving sustainability goals. These insights provide actionable implications for business leaders and policymakers, particularly in the MENA region, by emphasizing the strategic integration of Indigenous leadership and circular economy innovations into corporate governance. This study offers a framework for aligning business strategies with global sustainability objectives, notably SDG 12 while also contributing to the literature on strategic management and sustainability. By highlighting the role of Indigenous leadership in driving sustainable practices, this research provides valuable guidance for firms and policymakers seeking to advance environmental sustainability in emerging market economies.Öğe UNDERSTANDING AND SUPPORTING SPECIAL EDUCATION: EXPERIENCES OF SCHOOL ADMINISTRATORS(Centro Univ La Salle-Rj, 2024) Çil, Gürkan; Kırat, Emel; Aydın, Sevcan; Güven, BülentThis study aims to determine school administrators' attitudes toward special education, their level of knowledge, their collaboration experiences, and their in-service training needs. The study group of the research, which was conducted with a case study based on qualitative research methods, consisted of eight school administrators who served in public schools in the academic year of 2022-2023. Five themes were identified by analyzing the data obtained through the interview technique. The results of the study revealed that the school administrators described individuals with special needs as individuals who differ from their peers in certain areas and need special attention and education. The school administrators considered themselves inadequate in the field of special education. In the collaboration theme, they emphasized the significance of family collaboration but indicated that they were not supported as needed. Moreover, the administrators needed in-service trainings and seminars. Consequently, the role of administrators in special education has a direct impact on the education and development of students with special needs. They should have a broad accumulation of knowledge, exhibit strong leadership skills and act with an empathetic approach. In this sense, it is expected that the organization of in-service trainings and seminars will enhance the quality of special education services by improving the knowledge and skills of administrators.Öğe Saving the Environment in Emerging Markets: The Synergistic Roles of Corporate Ownership Structure, Financing Strategy, and Innovation Capacity(Wiley, 2025) Ning, Wu; Saeed, Ummar Faruk; Kongkuah, MaxwellAs global environmental challenges intensify and stakeholder pressure mounts, the imperative for companies, particularly in emerging markets, to adopt sustainable practices has become increasingly critical. Addressing a gap in the literature, this study examines the impact of ownership structure (OS) and financing strategy (FS) on environmental footprint disclosure (EFD) among energy sector firms in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, while also considering the moderating role of innovation capacity. Drawing on the resource-based view, signaling, and stakeholder theories, this study analyzes panel data from 384 firms spanning 2010 to 2023. To address potential endogeneity issues, the study employs the difference GMM modeling to mititgate endogeneity issues. Additionally, the MMQR approach is applied to capture heterogeneous effects across varying levels of EFD practices. The findings reveal that concentrated and state ownership significantly enhance EFD, while managerial ownership exerts a negative influence. Firms relying on equity financing demonstrate higher EFD levels compared to those relying on debt. Moreover, innovation capacity not only directly impacts EFD but also amplifies the influence of OS and FS on EFD. Notably, the findings remain robust after employing various econometric techniques, including DiD, 2SLS, DCCE, and PSM. These results suggest that encouraging concentrated and state ownership, alongside equity financing, can drive improved environmental transparency within MENA firms. This study underscores the strategic role of innovation in strengthening EFD, offering valuable guidance for policymakers and industry leaders on ownership and financing decisions to foster sustainable development and enhance environmental responsibility.Öğe AI voice journaling for future language teachers: A path to well-being through reflective practices(Wiley, 2025) Demir, Bora; Özdemir, DuyguThis study aimed to explore the perceived impact of using an AI-powered voice journaling app in overcoming the challenges and stressors encountered by senior students enrolled in teaching practicum at an English Language Teaching Bachelor's programme. The main objective of this study is to examine the perceived effect of an AI-powered audio diary app known as the 'Audio Diary' on the general well-being of prospective English language teachers. The study employed a qualitative methodology focusing on the themes created by the extensive data provided by the pre-service English teachers. Through the Audio Diary app, eight volunteer prospective English language teachers documented their daily and professional experiences, emotional states and encountered challenges over the period of 4 weeks. We collected data through the app in order to understand the participants' reflections about their daily and professional experiences. Participant entries and AI-generated output were stored by the app and used for content analysis. Participants characterised the AI-powered Audio Diary app as a helpful tool for reflecting on their personal and professional well-being, according to thematic analysis results. Furthermore, it made it easier for them to communicate and comprehend more deeply, and it gave them insightful information about their own experiences throughout the study. Additionally, the app's AI-categorised feedback assisted users in recognising trends and areas where their teaching methods needed to be improved. It demonstrates, for instance, how AI-powered apps can be used to promote the well-being and reflective practice of pre-service teachers in learning environments.Öğe Identifying early left atrial dysfunction in individuals with obstructive sleep apnea: The role of the morphology-voltage-P wave duration electrocardiography score(Lithographia, 2024) Küçük, Uğur; Mutlu, Pınar; Mirici, Arzu; Özpınar, Uğur; Özpınar, Selin BeyzaBackground: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) can lead to left atrial (LA) dysfunction, which increases the risk of severe heart problems such as atrial fibrillation and heart failure. Early detection of LA dysfunction is essential to prevent these complications. We investigated whether the new morphology-voltage-P wave duration electrocardiography (MVP ECG) level could effectively identify early-stage LA functional abnormality in OSA individuals, as current diagnostic techniques have limitations. Methods: We studied a sample of 120 OSA patients using speckle-tracking echocardiography to assess LA function. After the echocardiography exam, we divided these individuals into two groups: those with regular LA and those with impaired LA functions. Our main measure of LA function was peak atrial longitudinal strain (PALS). Results: We found significant differences in PALS values between groups (p <0.001) despite having an equivalent LA size, suggesting occult LA dysfunction in OSA patients. The MVP ECG score proved effective in identifying LA dysfunction caused by changes in atrial structure (sensitivity: 89 %, specificity: 63 %, AUC: 0.862). Conclusions: The MVP ECG score is a promising non-invasive method to detect early atrial changes in OSA patients. Using this score in regular medical care could help physicians intervene earlier, potentially reducing the risk of heart problems in these high-risk individuals.Öğe Validity and Reliability Study of 4-5-Year-Old Empathy Skills Scale(Cukurova Univ, 2024) Ata Doğan, Selda; Esen Çoban, Aysel; Güney Karaman, NeslihanIn this study, it was aimed to develop a valid and reliable measurement tool to evaluate the cognitive, affective, and behavioral sub-dimensions of empathy skills of 45-year-old children. The study group of this research, which was conducted using the survey model, consisted of 210 children in the 4-5 age group. Data were obtained through snowball sampling by conducting one-to-one interviews with children on an online platform. SPSS22 and R software were used for data analysis. Inter-rater reliability was analyzed using Kappa statistic, reliability was analyzed using Cronbach's Alpha, and the relationships between dimensions were analyzed using Pearson correlation tests. The Multifaceted Rasch model was used for scale validity and the fit indices of the scale items were analyzed. For criterion validity, the Emotional Perspective Taking sub-dimension of the Perspective Taking Test for Children was used. The internal consistency coefficients for the sub-dimensions of the scale were 0.885 for the cognitive dimension, 0.889 for the affective dimension, and 0.837 for the behavioral dimension. As a result of the study, it was revealed that 4-5-Year-Old Empathy Skills Scale is a valid and reliable tool for measuring children's empathy skills and their cognitive, affective, and behavioral sub-dimensions.Öğe Analysis of ınput utilization efficiency in wheat production: the case of Turkey(Univ Fed Rural Pernambuco, Dept Administracao, 2024) Çelik, Ahmet Duran; Semerci, Arif; Sarıoğlu, TuğçeWheat production is an essential agricultural activity in the world and Turkey. In 2021, the world wheat production was realized as 771 million tons on 221 million hectares of land. Turkey had a share of 3.00% in the world's wheat production area, and 2.29% in the production amount. The most important condition for the competitiveness of enterprises in agricultural production is low production costs and efficient use of inputs. Unused input not only increases production costs but also reduces the competitiveness of the businesses. In this study, input use efficiency in wheat production was analyzed by means of the data obtained from 104 enterprises determined by the Simple Random Sampling Method. The average cultivation area of wheat production was 159.03 da, and the yield per unit area was determined as 555.00 kg/da. In the function of wheat production; the production elasticity coefficient of the fertilizer variable was found significant at a 1% probability level, and the agricultural pesticide at a 5% probability level. The sum of the coefficients of production elasticity (& sum;beta(i): 1.013) for the forecast function indicates increasing returns to scale. The highest marginal efficiency coefficient (2.34) in the equation was found as the seed variable. The research results revealed that none of the variables in wheat production were used at the economic optimum level.Öğe Variable phenotype and genotype of pediatric patients with HNF1B nephropathy [2](Springer, 2024) Gülhan, Bora; Ekici, Ozan; Dursun, İsmail; Göknar, Nilüfer; Yüksel, Selçuk; Alaygut, Demet; Özçakar, Zeynep Birsin[No abstract available]Öğe Decellularization of bovine spinal cord meninges via supercritical CO2 and evaluating the extracellular matrix performance for neural tissue engineering applications(Mary Ann Liebert, Inc, 2024) Kurt, Tuğçe; Özüdoğru, Eren; Cengiz, Uğur; Derkuş, B.; Arslan, Yavuz Emre[No abstract available]Öğe Comparison of Bicortical Headless Cannulated Screw Fixations, Tension Band Fixations, and Kirschner Wire Fixations of a Jones Fracture A Biomechanical Study(Amer Podiatric Med Assoc, 2024) Yılmaz, Onur; Mutlu, İbrahim; Kuru, Tolgahan; Bilge, Ali; Güngör, Berna; Kızılay, Hasan; Olcar, Hacı; Erken, Hüseyin YenerBackground: The aim of study was to biomechanically compare the fixation of Jones fracture using headless cannulated screw, tension band, and two Kirschner wires.' Methods: A total of 60 fourth-generation, fifth metatarsal synthetic bone models were divided into three groups according to the fixation techniques. A vertical load, oriented from plantar to dorsal and lateral to medial, was applied to the metatarsal specimen that were potted with molding material. The stiffness and fatigue values were compared between the three fixation groups. Results: In the plantar to dorsal load test, the stiffness values were found to be significantly higher in Group 1 compared to the other groups (P = .034, P = .013). No significant difference was found in the analysis in terms of fatigue values in plantar to dorsal load testing (P = .348, P = .416). No significant difference was found between compression screw and tension band groups in lateral to medial loading test, in terms of stiffness and fatigue values (P = .096, P = .762). However, the stiffness values and fatigue values of these two groups were found to be statistically significantly higher than the Kirschner wire group (P = .003, P = .002, P = .016, P = .023). Conclusions: The result of this study showed that the bicortical fixation of headless compression screw provides a more stable fixation than other fixation methods, especially in plantar to dorsal loading. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 114(6), 2024; doi:10.7547/22-201)Öğe THE OVARY STRUCTURE OF PARAMACROBIOTUS GADABOUTI (TARDIGRADA: EUTARDIGRADA)(Polska Akad Nauk, Polish Acad Sciences, Pas Branch Cracow, 2024) Wieczorkiewicz, Filip; Arslan, Alper; Özer, Akın; Siwek, Daria; Poprawa, Izabela[No abstract available]Öğe 3D HYDROGELS FROM DETERGENT-FREE DECELLULARIZED SPINAL CORD MENINGES REINFORCED WITH HYDROPHILIC SILK FIBROIN FOR REGENERATIVE MEDICINE APPLICATIONS(Mary Ann Liebert, Inc, 2024) Kurt, Tuğçe; Arslan, Yavuz Emre[No abstract available]
