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Principles of environmentally sustainable agriculture for building resilient and resource-efficient food systems
(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2025) Çakmakcı, Ramazan; Çakmakcı, Songül; Çakmakcı, Muhammet Fatih
As the demand for greater quantities of higher-quality food grows with population expansion, climate change, urbanization, and unsustainable agricultural practices accelerate the loss of arable land, ultimately threatening agricultural sustainability. Population growth necessitates a transition to nutritious, safe, and healthy food production systems that ensure higher yields, less reduced waste, improved social outcomes, and the integration of economic, social, and environmental sustainability principles. Urgent global challenges such as resource depletion, biodiversity loss, and climate change necessitate the protection of ecosystems and the sustainable use of natural resources. Agricultural systems must enhance food production and supply productivity, strengthen system resilience, and improve resource efficiency and sustainability. The sustainable development of agricultural systems based on resilience and productivity is important to ensure food security. The aim of this review is to compile, describe, and propose future strategies for promising food systems-including transformative innovations and alternative farming techniques-to facilitate the transition toward resilient, resource-efficient, and sustainable agriculture, and to mitigate long-term challenges. It also provides recommendations for future research, sustainability, resilience, and emerging food trends aimed at promoting sustainable food systems and green technologies, protecting ecosystems, resources, and biodiversity, and optimizing waste management and natural resource use. This article focuses on future sustainable food production and security, environmental protection, alternative protein sources, and innovative agricultural techniques; it highlights scientific and technological advancements, emerging research directions, and offers a comprehensive perspective on resilient, resource-efficient, and sustainable food production systems.
A disposable biosensing system for analysis of CA125 in real human serum samples
(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2025) Afşar, Meltem; Vural, Berfin; Bilgi Kamaç, Melike; Sezgintürk, Mustafa Kemal
Several biomarkers have been developed to track the development of ovarian cancer and identify the illness at an early stage. A promising development for ovarian cancer is using cancer antigen 125 (CA125). The objective of this work is to identify the CA125 marker by utilizing an indium tin oxide polyethylene electrode. The advantage of the designed biosensor is that it is very cheap, disposable, practical, and easy to use. The necessary parameters for the developed biosensor have been optimized in detail. Repeatability, reproducibility, regeneration, storage, and selectivity studies have been completed to characterize the proposed biosensor. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry techniques were used for all experimental investigations of the proposed biosensor. The immunosensor offers a large linear detection range (0.01-100 pg/mL). Moreover, this developed sensor has a 0.018 pg/mL limit of detection and a 0.06 pg/mL limit of quantification. The high accuracy of this biosensor was observed in five commercial human serums.
Integrated geochemical, geoelectrical, and UAV-based methods for analyzing the Güzelyalı landslide (Çanakkale, Türkiye)
(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2025) Erenoğlu, Oya; Ulugergerli, Emin; Erenoğlu, Ramazan Cüneyt; Akbaş, Abdullah; Erginal, Ahmet Evren
The number of reactivations increased in the Güzelyalı-Erenköy landslide area after 2013 in Çanakkale, Türkiye, where historical landslide activity has been recorded since 1875. This area is home to numerous summer residences and experiences ongoing slow-moving landslide activity along a 400-m-long slope, extending from the heavily trafficked Çanakkale-İzmir highway to the coastline. In this study, the nature of the reactivations was evaluated by considering the conditioning and triggering factors that contributed to the landslide. The evaluation was based on geochemical analyses, field observations, geoelectric measurements, and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) data. The results revealed that the sliding occurred along a moist slip surface, rich in various clay minerals such as illite, montmorillonite, and vermiculite, at a depth of approximately 4.5 m, as determined by ERT (Electrical Resistivity Tomography). Vertical movements within the landslide area, including rises and subsidences, accounted for changes of up to 0.1 m between 2013 and 2023. Chemical Index of Weathering (CIW), Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA), and Plagioclase Index of Alteration (PIA) calculations obtained from the X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy analysis indicate that the sliding surface is subjected to strong weathering, and these values are compatible with the X-Ray diffraction (XRD) data.
Formation of Holocene paleosols in a relict sand dune sequence at Kıyıköy, Türkiye
(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2025) Erginal, Ahmet Evren; Bozcu, Mustafa; Yakupoğlu, Nurettin; Akbaş, Abdullah; Kaya, Hakan; Tunç, İsmail Onur
The paleoclimatic indicators from a relict dune and paleosol sequence observed south of Kıyıköy Port, NW Türkiye, provide insights into the variable paleoclimatic conditions in the western Black Sea coastal zone over the last 4700 yrs BP. The relict dune- paleosol sequence consists of reddish-brown coarse sands with abundant shells and overlying paleosol. Radiocarbon dating of Donax trunculus shells collected from the lowest part of the relict dune revealed the onset of sand deposition 4689 ± 123 yrs ago. The dark-colored paleosol layer, with an Rb/Sr ratio of 0.008, yielded an age of 287 ± 32 yrs cal BP. These findings indicate that the paleosol developed around the 1700s, during one of the coldest phases of the Little Ice Age. This layer is followed by a brown-colored buried soil, indicating a short-lived humid and rainy period, as evidenced by an Rb/Sr ratio of 0.42.
The Quaternary fluvial-lacustrine system in the Akarçay Basin (SW Anatolia): depositional environments and paleoclimatic interpretation
(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2025) Aktürk, Koray; Kapan, Sevinç
The Akarçay Closed Basin, located in southwest Anatolia, contains deformed formations and the drying Akşehir and Eber lakes. This study aimed to interpret the paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic conditions of the Akşehir and Eber lakes, which are reported to have been connected during the Pleistocene. Based on sedimentological and mineralogical data, three different depositional subenvironments were defined, corresponding to the formation and development stages of the lake. Sedimentary facies analysis of the Pleistocene deposits in the basin revealed the following facies associations, listed from bottom to top: 1) an alluvial fan and fluvial facies association, representing the formation stage of the lake, which developed due to tectonic activity and a humid/wet climate; 2) a lakeshore facies association, corresponding to the expansion stage when the lake spread shallowly, and 3) a lake center facies association, corresponding to the closing stage when the lake began to dry, characterized by limited levels of clastic deposition under very shallow lake conditions. In the lakeshore and lake center facies association, Valvata piscinalis, Dreissena iconica and D. polymorpha species living in shallow waters and streams, as well as Laevicaspia caspia species living in mesohaline environments were identified. X-ray diffraction analysis was performed on the levels that best represented the facies associations in the basin, revealing that the dominant clay minerals in the sequence were illite and kaolinite. Combined evaluation of the sedimentological, mineralogical, and paleontological data suggests that the abundance of Valvata piscinalis and Dreissena iconica—both stream-dwelling species—at levels with increased kaolinite content indicates rainy and humid climatic periods when stream-fed conditions prevailed in the basin. Conversely, the dominance of Laevicaspia caspia and the intervals marked by illite deposition indicate cold and arid climatic periods.
Vaccine hesitancy in Türkiye: A natural language processing study on social media
(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2025) Sarı, Semih; Bayram, Ulya
Vaccine hesitancy is a significant public healthcare problem that is threatening everyone worldwide. Vaccine hesitancy has become more ingrained in Turkish society, mainly through social media. Unfortunately, reflections of this hesitancy are preventable deaths or permanent disabilities. Because of the uncontrolled spread of misinformation and disinformation on social media, Türkiye is facing a future health crisis. As a step towards preventing this crisis, our main objective is to use the power of artificial intelligence techniques on Turkish social media posts to detect antivaccine posts. Through this study, it will be possible to raise awareness about the importance of vaccines in Turkish society, strengthen Türkiye’s defense mechanism against potential epidemics, and ensure that our society exchanges information in a healthier digital environment. We collected and cleaned a novel Turkish social media dataset, resulting in 3778 posts. Then, we used a baseline machine learning method, logistic regression, popular machine learning methods, support vector machines, and XGBoost to detect antivaccine thoughts and misleading information from Turkish social media posts. Further, we included transformers that changed the natural language processing domain. Evaluations are conducted using a multilingual BERT and two models specifically trained for recognizing Turkish texts, such as BERTurk. Results showed that transformers can separate Turkish social media posts with antivaccine beliefs from other posts with a 75.9% Area Under the ROC curve rate.
Multi-Criteria Evaluation of Robotic Process Automation Projects Using Proportional Spherical Fuzzy AHP & TOPSIS Methodology
(Old City Publishing Inc, 2026) Dogan, Onur; Cinar, Ulas; Alkan, Nursah; Gulbay, Murat; Kahrama, Cengiz
Robotic process automation (RPA) is a core software technology for automating digital tasks quickly and reliably and for enabling enterprise automation to execute business processes with speed and accuracy. Evaluation of RPA technologies is a muti-criteria decision making (MCDM) problem including many intangible criteria whose values are generally vague and imprecise. Spherical fuzzy sets (SFS) is an extension of Picture fuzzy sets providing a larger domain to assign membership degrees. Proportional fuzzy sets (PFS) provides a technique to determine membership degrees with a more consistent and sensitive way. In this article, a multi-expert proportional spherical fuzzy integrated AHP&TOPSIS methodology in which AHP is used for computing the criteria weights and TOPSIS is used for selecting the best RPA alternative is presented. Comparative and sensitivity analyses are also applied to determine the validation and robustness of RPA selection decision.
The Impact of Lipomastia on Self-Esteem and Social Anxiety in Adolescents with Obesity
(Canadian Acad Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2025) Kara, Özlem; Kaymaz, Nazan; Şirin, Hande; Uzun, Mehmet Erdem
Background: Obesity can negatively impact adolescents' self-esteem, and lipomastia can further complicate the situation. Objective: The current study endeavors to examine the influence of lipomastia on the levels of social anxiety and self-esteem in individuals with obesity. Methods: Seventy adolescent male outpatients with obesity completed a form of demographics, the SAS-A (Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents), and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES-10 item). Participants were stratified according to the presence of lipomastia, and correlation analyses were conducted to investigate the association between social anxiety and self-esteem in relation to lipomastia. Results: No significant difference was found between the lipomastia and non-lipomastia groups regarding self-esteem. While the lipomastia group had slightly higher overall social anxiety scores, significant differences were noted only in fear of negative evaluation. There was no relationship between the SAS-A total score and anthropometric measurements in both groups. However, a negative relationship was observed between self-esteem and anthropometric measurements in the lipomastia group, whereas such a relationship was not observed in the control group. Conclusion: Adolescents with lipomastia showed higher social anxiety, particularly fear of negative evaluation, despite similar demographic and anthropometric characteristics to their peers. Higher BMI correlated with lower self-esteem, highlighting the complex interplay between body image, self-esteem, and social anxiety. These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions to support adolescents with obesity and lipomastia.
Prediction of the Number of Firearm Shots by Using Lucilia sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae) Larvae with an Inductively Coupled Plasma -Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) Technique
(American Entomological Society, 2025) Çil, Merve; Mercan, Selda; Çakan, Hüseyin
Inforensic entomology, researchers utilize insects to determine the time of death, cause and location. This firearm-related study focused on two main objectives. The primary aim was to evaluate the relationship between the number of shots and gunshot residue (GSR) concentrations detected in larvae feeding on firearm-shotmeat samples using Lucilia sericata (Meigen, 1826) (Diptera: Calliphoridae). We also aimed to investigate the effect of GSR on the weights and lengths of larvae during feeding with GSR-containing meat samples. A short-barreled gun and 9x19 mm Parabellumtype bullets were used to produce gunshot residue on meat samples. Twenty-four pieces of meat were classified into four groups including control samples (n=3) (GSR0; larval feeding without shot), GSR1 (n=7) (larval feeding with one shot), GSR2 (n=7) (larval feeding with two shots), and GSR3 (n=7) (larval feeding with three shots). Lucilia sericata eggs were put into the bullet holes and incubated at 28 degrees C temperature for 72 hours. After the incubation period, the third-instar larvae samples were collected, and 10 larvae samples were analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry to detect Sb, Ba, and Pb concentrations. Data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance (two-way ANOVA) in R software. Comparative results showed 0.817, 0.854 and 0.886 correlation coefficients for Sb, Ba and Pb, respectively, and significant increases in Ba and Pb concentrations were detected in larvae, depending on the number of shots, while developmental changes on lengths and weights were insignificant except GSR3. Simultaneous detection of Sb, Ba and Pb in larvae found in a crime scene contributes to the interpretation of firearm cases by considering other uncertainties.
Comparison of the physicochemical properties and volatile compositions of some essential oils from different commercial brands
(Innovhub Ssi-Area Ssog, 2025) Tozoğlu, Sena; Çağlar, Tuğba; Avşar, Sedef; Elmas, Emine Tuğçe; Aydın, Alper; Öğütçü, Mustafa
Recently, interest in natural products such as essential oils has been increasing among consumers. This study therefore aimed to determine and compare the physicochemical and volatile composition of commercially available essential oils of various brands (black cumin seed, sweet almond, pine turpentine and castor oils). For these purposes, the colour, refractive index, viscosity, acid, peroxide, iodine, conjugated diene and triene values of the essential oils were determined. Additionally, the volatile composition of the samples was quantified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Statistically significant differences were observed not only among oils but also among the various brands in the same oil group in terms of physicochemical features. Pine turpentine (PT) oils had the highest peroxide value, whereas castor (CO) oils had the lowest peroxide value. The acid values of black cumin seed (BC) oils were higher than those of the PT, CO, and sweet almond (SA) oils. As expected, the volatile compositions of different essential oils differed. Remarkably, significant differences were observed among the various brands, even within the same oil group, in terms of volatile compounds. Consumers use essential oils for many purposes such as nutraceutical, therapeutic, and cosmetic. Therefore, it is important to determine the quality characteristics of these commercially available oils in order to prevent adulteration and imitation.
Evaluation differences between haploid and diploid maize samples and cut-off points determination for separation haploids using decision tree technique
(Univ Agronomic Sciences & Veterinary Medicine Bucharest - Usamv, 2025) Tunç, Talha; Kahrıman, Fatih
This study aims to assess the discrimination success of these measurements on seeds, germinated seeds, and seedlings of haploid and diploid maize samples, using cytogenetic verification by acetocarmin staining. This study was conducted in the Laboratory of Field Crops, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University. The decision tree method was used to determine which of the measured traits was effective in differentiating haploid/diploid samples. The results of study showed that the success of visual discrimination according to Navajo marker was 85% for haploid samples and 96% for diploid samples. Differences between haploid and diploid samples varied by donor material, with hybrid donors showing more pronounced disparities. Decision tree analysis revealed that the root length and seed circumference as effective traits to distinguish haploids from diploids. In conclusion, visual differentiation based only seed coloration can be misleading, highlighting the importance of multiple measurements for accurate haploid identification using the in vivo doubled haploid technique.
Co-pyrolysis of waste tires and Platanus orientalis leaves: thermogravimetric characterization, kinetic modeling, and resource valorization potential
(Wiley, 2026) Turk, Feride N.; Ugur, Mucahit; Arslanoglu, Hasan
This study investigates the co-pyrolytic behavior of waste tires (WT) and Platanus orientalis leaves (SL) as hybrid feedstocks for thermochemical valorization. Pyrolysis experiments were conducted under nitrogen atmosphere using thermogravimetric analysis across a temperature range of ambient to 745 degrees C, with heating rates of 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 K min-1. Five blend ratios (100% WT, 75/25, 50/50, 25/75, 100% SL by mass) were assessed to evaluate thermal degradation profiles and kinetic characteristics. A Box-Behnken experimental design within the response surface methodology (RSM) framework was employed to optimize the effects of temperature, heating rate, and blend ratio on pyrolysis performance. The statistical model showed a high predictive capability with R 2 >0.995. Kinetic parameters were calculated using Coats-Redfern, Flynn-Wall-Ozawa, and Kissinger methods, with activation energies for the major decomposition stage (Stage 3C) ranging from 114.3 to 125.2 kJ mol-1. A significant negative correlation was found between activation energy and SL content (r = -0.82), while WT content showed a positive correlation (r = 0.87), indicating that biomass reduces the energy barrier for thermal degradation. Fourier transform infrared analysis confirmed the breakdown of functional groups such as -OH, C-O, and aromatic C-C after pyrolysis, indicating extensive structural transformation. Scanning electron microscopy imaging revealed morphological changes from fibrous structures in SL to carbonized, fractured surfaces in the char. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis indicated a high carbon content (91.2%), supporting the suitability of the product for energy applications. Overall, the study demonstrates the synergistic potential of WT and SL in co-pyrolysis, improving thermal behavior, reducing activation energy, and yielding carbon-rich products. These findings support the development of integrated waste-to-energy strategies aligned with circular economy principles.
A Quartz Tuning Fork-Based Immunosensor for Detection of Kidney Injury Molecule-1: A New Working Electrode for Electrochemical Applications
(Wiley, 2026) Ozkan, Seyma Senturk; Sezginturk, Mustafa Kemal
Kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) is a Type I transmembrane glycoprotein and is a potential biomarker for detecting kidney damage, as its urinary levels fluctuate in cases of acute kidney injury. In this study, an electrochemical immunosensor was developed for the first time using a quartz tuning fork (QTF) working electrode to detect the KIM-1 biomarker. The gold-tipped QTF electrode surface was modified with 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (11-MUA) to form a self-assembled monolayer (SAM). To construct the biosensor, extensive optimization studies were conducted on the fabrication parameters, followed by characterization and real urine sample testing to evaluate its applicability. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) methods were utilized in all electrochemical experiments. Morphological changes on the QTF electrode surface were examined using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The developed electrochemical KIM-1 immunosensor demonstrated highly promising performance, exhibiting an exceptionally wide detection range (0.05-250 fg/mL). Furthermore, the dissociation constant (Kd) of the interaction between KIM-1 and its antibody was successfully calculated using the Hill equation, on the basis of the QTF-based system.
In Vivo Wound Healing and Immune Response Studies of Chitosan Cryogels With Invertebrate Model Organism Galleria mellonella
(Wiley, 2025) Ekici, Sema; Kaya, Serhat; Durucu, Gürkan
In the present study, it was aimed to prepare single and double network chitosan (Ch) cryogels cross-linked with glutaraldehyde (G), which can be recommended for use as model wound dressings and hemostatic agents, and to reveal in vivo studies with Galleria mellonella. An in vivo study about Ch cryogels with these larvae was not declared in the literature, so our study is the first of its kind. G. mellonella was used to determine the effects of cryogels on immunity, oxidative stress, and wound healing. Cinnamic acid (CA) was loaded onto the cryogels, and the percent cumulative release data of CA were found to be in the range of 69%-80%. The results show that loading of CA onto [Ch-3]cry cryogels considerably improved immune responses; the [Ch-3]cry-CA group was the most successful in terms of immunological response, oxidative stress balance, and wound healing. In accordance with the 3R principles of ethical animal research, the use of G. mellonella in this study served as a scientifically relevant and ethically responsible alternative model to mammals for preliminary assessment of wound healing potential and innate immune activation. The porous structures, high mechanical strengths, and rapidly swelling-deswelling abilities of [Ch-2@Ch]cry and [Ch-3]cry cryogels indicated that these may be suitable for biomedical applications. Analysis of SEM micrographs indicated that the morphology of dual network cryogels prepared in the form of interpenetrating polymeric networks (IPNs) was more regular and homodispersed with respect to single network cryogels. The compressive elasticity modulus (E) values of IPNs cryogels (0.160 N/mm) is approximately 4.6 times that of Ch cryogels with a single network (0.035 N/mm).
Reevaluating the reliability of common multiple comparison tests
(Wiley, 2025) Yiğit, Soner
Many comparison tests are available to determine treatment differences. The validity of these tests is commonly assessed using the Type I error rate. Type I error is obtaining a false positive result. It is known that Fisher's Least Significant Difference (LSD) and Duncan tests have high Type I error rates because even a single false positive is sufficient to constitute a Type I error. For multiple comparison tests, the number of correct decisions (true positives and true negatives) is more important than the Type I error rate. Therefore, in this study, specificity and sensitivity were considered alongside the Type I error rate. Specificity refers to the true negative rate, while sensitivity refers to the true positive rate. A Monte Carlo simulation showed that the LSD and Duncan tests had relatively high Type I error rates; however, when specificity was considered, the LSD and Duncan tests correctly predicted statistically similar groups (true negative) with a mean of 97.00%, while other tests achieved 99.00%. Regarding sensitivity, the LSD and Duncan tests correctly identified statistically different groups (true positive) with a mean of 15.00%, while other tests achieved 3.00%. The true negative rate of the other tests is 1.02 times (99.00/97.00) that of LSD and Duncan. In contrast, the true positive rate of LSD and Duncan is 5.00 times (15.00/3.00) that of the other tests. Therefore, considering both specificity and sensitivity, the LSD and Duncan tests were found to be superior to others. In conclusion, these tests were shown to be more reliable.
Evaluation of triply periodic minimal surface geometries in 3D-printed PLA scaffolds for chondrogenic differentiation
(Wiley, 2025) Kılıç, Mahmut Alp; Akyürek, Mustafa; Abidnejad, Roozbeh; Karakoç, Alp
Triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) scaffolds are gaining attention in tissue engineering due to their continuous and interconnected porous architecture. In this study, three TPMS geometries-Gyroid, Diamond, and I-WP-were fabricated from polylactic acid (PLA) using fused deposition modeling (FDM), with all scaffolds designed to maintain the same overall porosity. Scaffold characterization included scanning electron microscopy (SEM), microcomputed tomography (micro-CT), compressive mechanical testing, and surface wettability analysis. Although porosity was constant, differences in Equivalent Circular Diameter (ECD) values were observed among the geometries, reflecting variations in pore morphology. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) were seeded onto the scaffolds and cultured under chondrogenic differentiation conditions for 21 days. Cell viability, gene expression (Col2, Col10, Sox9), and protein levels were assessed using RT-PCR and Western blot. All scaffold geometries supported cell attachment and chondrogenic differentiation to varying degrees. The Diamond geometry showed the highest chondrogenic marker expression at the mRNA level, while the Gyroid geometry promoted more stable protein expression with reduced hypertrophic signaling. These findings demonstrate that scaffold geometry, even under identical material and porosity conditions, can influence stem cell behavior. The results offer valuable insights for optimizing TPMS-based scaffold designs in cartilage tissue engineering applications.
Turkish Diplomatic Initiatives and Refugee Evacuation from Spain (1936-1937)
(Hacettepe University, 2025) Serçe, Uğur
In the midst of the Spanish Civil War, diplomatic missions based in Madrid played a significant role in providing humanitarian assistance to those affected by the conflict. One of the prominent countries that accepted asylum seekers, who were predominantly individuals associated with right-wing political movements and perceived by Republican authorities as potential threats to the government, was Türkiye. As the intensity of the conflict in Madrid increased, the relocation of these asylum seekers to Türkiye became a pressing issue, leading to intensive diplomatic exchanges between Turkish and Spanish authorities. This study focuses on the evacuation of Spanish nationalists who sought refuge at the Turkish Embassy in Madrid due to wartime conditions. Remaining neutral throughout the Spanish Civil War, Türkiye provided support to those seeking protection. Detailed plans were developed for the transfer of Spanish nationals sheltered at the Turkish Embassy in Madrid to Türkiye, particularly under the leadership of Ambassador Tevfik Kâmil Koperler. Negotiations between Turkish and Spanish officials primarily focused on determining the criteria for individuals to be granted entry into Türkiye. Utilizing comprehensive diplomatic archives from both the Republic of Türkiye and the Kingdom of Spain, the study aims to shed light on an underexplored aspect of the Spanish Civil War and Turkish foreign policy history by analyzing the role and diplomatic maneuvers of the embassy during this process. In addition to the Spanish archives which were previously used to some extent in earlier studies regarding the situation of the Turkish embassy in Madrid during the Civil War, unused Turkish diplomatic documents are also included in the research, aiming to provide a fresh perspective on the topic and lay the groundwork for future academic studies in this field.
3D-Printable, Self-Stiffening (4D) and Shape Morphing Hydrogel through Single-Step Orthogonal Crosslinking of Phenolic Biopolymers for Dynamic Tissue Engineering
(Wiley, 2025) Güngör, Nuriye Nazet; Kurt, Tuğçe; Sarı, Buse; Işık, Melis; Okesola, Babatunde O.; Arslan, Yavuz Emre; Derkuş, Burak
Particularly for dynamic, shape-changing, or fibrillar tissues such as muscles and blood vessels, the development of innovative biomaterials is crucial for advancing tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. This study introduces a novel multicomponent hydrogel created from silk fibroin (SF), tyramine-modified hyaluronic acid (HA_Tyr), and tyramine-modified gelatin (G_Tyr). Using an enzymatic orthogonal covalent bonding between phenolic groups, i.e., tyrosine and tyramine moieties of SF, HA_Tyr, and G_Tyr, a dynamically stiffening SF/HA_Tyr/G_Tyr (SHG) multicomponent hydrogel is achieved with enhanced mechanical properties. Utilizing an extrusion-based 3D printing approach, the precise fabrication of constructs with tailored geometries and functionalities is demonstrated. The emerging 3D-printed hydrogels undergo morphologic changes (4D) under 37 °C/phosphate buffer saline (PBS) conditions. The observed morphological change results from the conformational change and folding of SF leading to fibrillation. These multicomponent hydrogels also show significant promise in creating bio-instructive materials that meet the mechanical and functional requirements necessary for in situ tissue engineering. The study highlights the potential of these self-stiffening biomaterials to recover dynamic and fibrillar tissues, supported by both in vitro and pre-clinical chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model evaluations that underscore their biocompatibility and pro-angiogenic properties.
Physicochemical, Rheological, and Sensory Properties of Low-Fat Mayonnaises Formulated With Flaxseed Oil-Based Sunflower and Whale Wax Oleogels
(Wiley, 2025) Yılmaz, Emin; Keskin Uslu, Eda
This study aimed to prepare and characterize low-fat mayonnaises containing 50% of total weight as fat by incorporating oleogels based on sunflower wax-flaxseed oil (SWO-M) and whale wax-flaxseed oil (WWO-M). These oleogel-based samples were compared with a control mayonnaise (CNT-M) and a commercial low-fat mayonnaise (COM-M). All samples showed acceptable physicochemical properties, including pH, color, free fatty acidity, and peroxide value. Rheological analysis revealed a decreasing order of stiffness: COM-M > CNT-M > SWO-M > WWO-M. The samples demonstrated good thermal stability, attributed to the presence of egg yolk and the stabilizing effects of the oleogels. The number of aromatic volatile compounds detected was eight in COM-M, 23 in CNT-M, 36 in SWO-M, and 35 in WWO-M. A trained sensory panel evaluated 17 sensory attributes. The SWO-M and WWO-M samples showed higher intensities of spicy, eggy, vinegar, and cooling notes, while sweet, sour, and mouth-coating attributes were lower compared to COM-M. Consumer evaluations indicated that appearance, flavor, aroma, consistency, spreadability, and overall acceptability of the oleogel-containing samples were rated lower than COM-M. However, all scores remained above the neutral point (3.0 on a 5.0-point scale). In conclusion, low-fat mayonnaise samples incorporating oleogels were successfully formulated. Future research is recommended to explore alternative oleogels and base oils to further enhance the quality of low-fat mayonnaise products.
Viologen-Benzothiadiazole-Based Porous Organic Polymers for High-Performance Photoelectrochemical Supercapacitors
(Wiley-V C H Verlag Gmbh, 2025) Altınışık, Sinem; Koyuncu, Sermet
Porous organic polymers (POPs) containing donor-acceptor (D-A) moieties have recently emerged as promising electrode materials for supercapacitors due to their tunable electronic structures, controlled charge transfer capabilities, and high redox activities. In this study, a light-absorbing D-A type POP was prepared using the solvothermal method by combining a benzothiadiazole-carbazole-based donor-acceptor core with viologen-based peripheral groups. The photoelectrochemical H-type cell was constructed with a viologen-based POP photoanode and a reduced graphene oxide (rGO) cathode electrode. The specific capacitance of the supercapacitor increased from 274.8 to 383.4 F/g at 1 A/g under illumination due to the decrease in charge transfer resistance of the electrode upon exposure to light. The constructed photoelectrochemical supercapacitor retained 88% of its capacitance after 10 000 cycles under irradiation and showed an energy density of approximately 80 Wh/kg under the same conditions. These results demonstrate the potential of photo responsive D-A POPs as efficient materials for multifunctional supercapacitors.

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