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Öğe Understanding the public attitude towards sharks for improving their conservation(Elsevier Ltd, 2021) Giovos, Ioannis; Barash, Adi; Barone, Monica; Borme, Diego; Tunçer, SezginerSharks are among the oldest residents of the planet, they possess a unique value as top predators and constitute irreplaceable elements of marine ecosystems. Unfortunately, contemporary narratives widely presented in popular mainstream media have attached an utterly negative connotation to sharks, propagating an unsubstantiated and fabricated image of them as implacable and voracious predators. Recently a lot of attention is devoted to understanding the public perception towards sharks in order to promote their conservation given that a quarter of all shark species are facing extinction. This work assessed the current attitude of the public towards sharks on a global scale, utilizing modern technology through a single protocol that explored the importance of factors like culture, history, or educational level in shaping attitudes. We collected 13,800 questionnaires from 137 countries, with 25 countries presenting more than 100 answers each, representing in total 92% of the filled questionnaires. A generally positive attitude towards sharks emerged from our study, influenced significantly by several factors including knowledge and participation in marine conservation projects. Interestingly, shark attacks emerged as an important factor, with countries having high numbers of shark attacks exhibiting a highly positive attitude towards sharks, potentially because their citizens are more aware of the issue and the importance of sharks for the marine ecosystems. Guidelines for shifting public attitude towards sharks and consequently advancing shark conservation were also drawn.Öğe Social dominance, hostile sexism and justifications: Examining attitudes towards wife abuse among Turkish men(Elsevier Ltd, 2021) Kıral Uçar, Gözde; Özdemir, GamzeThis study aims to determine the process through which social dominance orientation (SDO) tends to increase positive attitudes towards physical wife abuse among men. 211 adult men (aged between 18 and 65 years; Mage = 28.91; SD = 10.50) with different levels of education and various professions (e.g., students, teachers, engineers, doctors, workers, police officers) participated in the study. Measures of attitudes towards physical wife abuse and participants' levels of SDO, justifications and ambivalent sexism were assessed. Results revealed that, when controlled for age, education and economic level, SDO predicted positive attitudes towards physical wife abuse via both hostile sexism and justifications of physical wife abuse. That is, men who desire male dominance over women support sexist practices by accepting legitimizing myths that justify the inequality and hierarchy. Implications are discussed.Öğe Electronic Spectra of C60Films Using Screened Range Separated Hybrid Functionals(American Chemical Society, 2021) Chakravarty, Chandrima; Aksu, Hüseyin; Maiti, Buddhadev; Dunietz, Barry D.We study computationally the electronic spectra of C60thin films using the recently developed density functional theory (DFT) framework combining a screened range separated hybrid (SRSH) functional with a polarizable continuum model (PCM). The SRSH-PCM approach achieves excellent correspondence between the frontier orbital’s energy levels and the ionization potential and electron affinity of the molecular systemat the condensed phaseand consequently leads to high quality electronic excitation energies when used in time-dependent DFT calculations. Our calculated excited states reproduce the experimentally main reported spectral peaks at the 3.6-4.6 eV energy range and when addressing excitonic effects also reproduce the red-shifted spectral feature. Notably, we analyze the low-lying peak at 2.7 eV and associate it to an excitonic state.Öğe Comparison of Urodynamics Parameters with Intrafascial or Extrafascial Hysterectomy Techniques(Mary Ann Liebert Inc., 2021) Erin, Recep; Ünsal, Mesut Abdulkerim; Güven, Süleyman; Aran, Turhan; Bozkaya, HasanObjectives: The aim of this study was to compare urodynamics parameters at pre-and postoperative periods in patients undergoing intrafascial or extrafascial abdominal hysterectomy. Background: Hysterectomy carries the risk of damage to the pelvic splanchnic nerve, which leads to the development of urinary incontinence. Materials and Methods: Women scheduled for total abdominal hysterectomy were randomized to intrafascial (n = 24) and extrafascial (n = 27). All of the 10 urodynamics parameters investigated in the two techniques at pre-and postoperative periods were compared. p < 0.05 was chosen to represent the statistical significance for each of the variables. Results: We observed by urodynamics investigation at preoperative and sixth month postoperative periods no urinary incontinence in patients subjected to intrafascial or extrafascial total abdominal hysterectomy. There was no difference between the two techniques with respect to maximum detrussor pressure, maximum abdominal pressure, strong micturition requirement, vesical compliance, detrusor compliance, maximum vesical pressure, first sensation of bladder filling, first desire to void, and strong desire to void (p > 0.05). Maximum bladder capacity in the intrafascial technique was significantly higher than in the extrafascial technique (p < 0.05). Conclusion: No significant relationship was found between the two groups with respect to increase of stress or urge urinary incontinence symptoms and subsequent incontinence after hysterectomy.Öğe The Impact of Stone Density on Operative Complications of Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery: A Multicenter Study with Propensity Score Matching Analysis(Mary Ann Liebert Inc., 2022) Başatac, Cem; Özman, Oktay; Akgül, Hacı Murat; Özyaman, Onur; Çınar, Önder; Can, Günay; Sancak, Eyüp BurakBackground: The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of stone density on operative complication rates in retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS). Materials and Methods: A total of 473 consecutive patients undergoing RIRS for the treatment of upper tract urinary stones were included. To adjust for baseline confounders, one-to-one propensity score matching was performed. After matching, the patients were divided into two groups according to stone density (low density [LD] group, ≤970 Hounsfield unit [HU]; high density [HD] group, >970 HU). The patients' demographics, stone-related features, stone-free rates, and intraoperative and postoperative complication rates were compared between the groups. The primary objective was to evaluate whether the intraoperative and postoperative complication rates were higher in patients whose stone density was greater than 970 HU. Results: After propensity score matching, 170 of 210 LD and 170 of 263 HD patients undergoing RIRS were included. The baseline characteristics did not differ significantly between the groups. There were no significant differences between LD and HD patients with respect to intraoperative (5.9% and 8.8%, respectively; P = .29), postoperative (10.6% and 15.3%, respectively; P = .14), and overall complication rates (15.2% and 21.1%, respectively; P = .16). Stone-free status was achieved in 143 patients (84.1%) in the LD group and 148 patients (87%) in the HD group; the difference was not statistically significant (P = .27). Conclusion: Our results show that RIRS is a safe and effective minimally invasive procedure for the treatment of upper urinary tract stones, even in HD stones.Öğe A Heterodox Community under the Siege of Sunni Islam in Turkey: The Tahtacis(Oxford University Press, 2022) Yolcu, Mehmet Ali; Aca, Mustafa.Öğe Mortality analysis of COVID-19 infection in chronic kidney disease, haemodialysis and renal transplant patients compared with patients without kidney disease: a nationwide analysis from Turkey(Oxford University Press, 2021) Özturk, Savaş; Turgutalp, Kenan; Arıcı, Mustafa; Odabaş, Ali Rıza; Altıparmak, Mehmet Rıza; Aydın, Zeki; Bakırdöğen, SerkanBackground. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and immunosuppression, such as in renal transplantation (RT), stand as one of the established potential risk factors for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Case morbidity and mortality rates for any type of infection have always been much higher in CKD, haemodialysis (HD) and RT patients than in the general population. A large study comparing COVID-19 outcome in moderate to advanced CKD (Stages 3-5), HD and RT patients with a control group of patients is still lacking. Methods. We conducted a multicentre, retrospective, observational study, involving hospitalized adult patients with COVID-19 from 47 centres in Turkey. Patients with CKD Stages 3-5, chronic HD and RT were compared with patients who had COVID-19 but no kidney disease. Demographics, comorbidities, medications, laboratory tests, COVID-19 treatments and outcome [in-hospital mortality and combined in-hospital outcome mortality or admission to the intensive care unit (ICU)] were compared. Results. A total of 1210 patients were included [median age, 61 (quartile 1-quartile 3 48-71) years, female 551 (45.5%)] composed of four groups: Control (n = 450), HD (n = 390), RT (n = 81) and CKD (n = 289). The ICU admission rate was 266/ 1210 (22.0%). A total of 172/1210 (14.2%) patients died. The ICU admission and in-hospital mortality rates in the CKD group [114/289 (39.4%); 95% confidence interval (CI) 33.9-45.2; and 82/289 (28.4%); 95% CI 23.9-34.5)] were significantly higher than the other groups: HD = 99/390 (25.4%; 95% CI 21.3-29.9; P<0.001) and 63/390 (16.2%; 95% CI 13.0-20.4; P<0.001); RT = 17/81 (21.0%; 95% CI 13.2-30.8; P = 0.002) and 9/81 (11.1%; 95% CI 5.7-19.5; P = 0.001); and control = 36/450 (8.0%; 95% CI 5.8-10.8; P<0.001) and 18/450 (4%; 95% CI 2.5-6.2; P<0.001). Adjusted mortality and adjusted combined outcomes in CKD group and HD groups were significantly higher than the control group [hazard ratio (HR) (95% CI) CKD: 2.88 (1.52- 5.44); P = 0.001; 2.44 (1.35-4.40); P = 0.003; HD: 2.32 (1.21- 4.46); P = 0.011; 2.25 (1.23-4.12); P = 0.008), respectively], but these were not significantly different in the RT from in the control group [HR (95% CI) 1.89 (0.76-4.72); P = 0.169; 1.87 (0.81-4.28); P = 0.138, respectively]. Conclusions. Hospitalized COVID-19 patients with CKDs, including Stages 3-5 CKD, HD and RT, have significantly higher mortality than patients without kidney disease. Stages 3-5 CKD patients have an in-hospital mortality rate as much as HD patients, which may be in part because of similar age and comorbidity burden. We were unable to assess if RT patients were or were not at increased risk for in-hospital mortality because of the relatively small sample size of the RT patients in this study.Öğe Readability analysis of laws related to public financial responsibility and state budget: A comparison of selected countries(Emerald Group Holdings Ltd., 2021) Güngör Göksu, Gonca; Dumlupınar, SerdarIn this study, various acts including regulations of public financial management, fiscal responsibility, and state budget in the selected six countries were subjected to different readability tests, and an international comparison was made. The fiscal responsibility act of six countries-Turkey, the UK, India, Australia, Canada, and Pakistan-were included in the study and analyzed. Each country was analyzed under its official language. Since English is an official language of all of the countries except for Turkey, the authors have evaluated the fiscal responsibility acts of these countries using the following readability tests: Flesch Reading Ease, Flesch-Kincaid, Gunning-Fog, and Dale-Chall. Additionally, Public Financial Management and Control Law No. 5018 approved in Turkey was analyzed by the Ateşman Readability Test which was uniquely designed for Turkish grammar rules. The acts discussed in the study were analyzed not only as a whole but also in parts and subsections. According to the results of the study, the levels of readability of the existing laws in most of the selected countries are very difficult to understand for a university graduate. However, when the readability level of the British Budget Responsibility and National Audit Act tested as parts and subsections and a whole, it was rated at a level a university student could understand. This study analyses the readability and intelligibility of acts related to fiscal responsibility and the state budget in six selected countries, adopting Anglo-Saxon public administration model and making an inter-country evaluation. Since it is important that citizens have enough information about legislation for a citizenoriented understanding, a legislation system that is understood by the larger part of the society is essential.Öğe Relations Between the Great War and Wheat Prices: An Analysis from the Ottoman Empire Perspective(Emerald Group Publishing Ltd., 2021) Tufan, Ekrem; Savaş, Türker; Atabay, MithatIntroduction: It is commonly observed that the ratio of food prices during the war times had become significantly more important than usual periods within the countries including Turkey, known as the Ottoman Empire that previously defeated in Balkans just before the Great World War. The scope of the study is to analyze increased or decreased wheat prices together with price fluctuations during the war period. Aim: This study investigates the food pricing progress during The Great World War and its relationship with wheat prices. Method: A model for the behavior of time series is applied to compare the important days of the war data against the timeline of wheat prices for British, German, and French. The statistical test named Holt-Winters uses exponential smoothing technique to encode the various values from the past and predicts “typical” values for the present and the future. Findings: As a result, it can be said that wheat prices had anomaly patterns during the specific dates in war for French, British, and German sides. Great Britain’s wheat prices increased significantly on April 1915 when landings began on the Gallipoli Peninsula. Wheat prices in Great Britain and Germany dropped significantly just before on July 1916 when the first Battle of the Somme began. However, it increased in Great Britain whilst decreased considerably in Germany in March 1918 when the Soviet Government signed a separate peace agreement with the Central Powers. A significant increase for France was observed only at the end of this war.Öğe QDNS: Quantum Dynamic Network Simulator Based on Event Driving(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2021) Ceylan, Osman Semi; Yılmaz, İhsanAfter the no-cloning theory was presented in the quantum physics field, researchers offered more secure but theoretical protocols than classic ones shaped around this theorem. Without much time passed, we then observed that experimental studies have been made particularly for the national security concerns. In line with these events, with this study, we are presenting the QDNS, an event driven quantum network simulation framework for enthusiasts of the filed to simulate their custom protocols in quantum network topology. With the event triggered way, we tried to make a more understandable and user-friendly environment yet powerful enough to take into account of complex nature of the quantum world.Öğe Middle Chalcolithic Copper Tools from Gülpınar in North-Western Anatolia – an Archaeometric Approach(Roemisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum, 2021) Güder, Ümit; Takaoğlu, Turan; Özdemir, AbdulkadirThe prehistoric site of Gülpınar, located beneath the remains of the Graeco-Roman Sanctuary of Apollo Smintheus (Smintheion) in the coastal Troad, is one of those newly excavated sites that enhances our knowledge of the western Anatolian littoral and the adjacent eastern Aegean islands during the 5th millennium BC. One of the contributions of the archaeological excavations at the site is in the category of copper metallurgy, which is the point of focus of this study. Four copper tools (awls and pins) were revealed in phase III of Gülpınar, dated to between 4930 and 4455/4300 BC. Both the chemical composition and the microstructural features of these tools were examined to understand the metallurgical processes applied for their production and forming. Analytical techniques, portable X-ray fluorescence (p-XRF) analysis, metallography (optical microscopy), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) examination and micro-hardness testing were conducted on the available samples from the objects. The results of the archaeometric analyses demonstrated that the copper used to form these tools was obtained by heating and then smelting the sulphur-bearing polymetallic ores. In the chemical compositions, an amount of around 1% arsenic was detected. Although the arsenic content provided a moderate improvement in the physical properties of the tools, the amount was considered too low to demonstrate an intentional, controlled process for arsenic alloying. The metal of the tools may have been brought in semi-finished forms to Gülpınar, since no finds relating to the copper metallurgy (slag, crucibles, tuyeres) were encountered during the excavations. The forming was determined by applying cycles of heating, forging and annealing. Moreover, increasing the hardness of the tools by a final cold working process was also detected.Öğe Effect of Fungatol and Gamma-T-ol from Melaleuca alternifolia (Maiden & Betche) Cheel on Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)(Entomological Soc Turkey, Ege Univ, 2016) Kasap, Ismail; Kok, Sahin; Hassan, ErrolIn this study, the effect of Fungatol and Gamma-T-ol extracted from Melaleuca alternifolia (Maiden & Betche) Cheel (Myrtaceae) on Aphis gossypii Glover and Tetranychus urticae Koch was determined using leaf dipping method. In laboratory tests, the leaf discs (50 mm diameter) taken from bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) and were dipped in five different concentrations of Fungatol (1.25, 1.90, 2.20, 2.50 and 3.50%) and Gamma-T-ol (0.25, 0.50, 1.00, 1.50 and 3.60%) for 5 s. The tests were repeated five times. Mortality was recorded after 1, 24, 48 h in tests with A. gossypii adult females and after 1, 24, 48, 72 h in tests with T. urticae adult females. After 1, 24 and 48 h, the highest concentrations of Fungatol (3.50%) and Gamma-T-ol (3.60%) had caused 0, 18, 42% and 0, 20, 48.9% mortality of A. gossypii, respectively. After 1, 24, 48 and 72 h the same concentrations of these extracts had caused 0, 52, 74, 94% and 0, 52, 78, 93.3% mortality of T. urticae adult females, respectively. The results showed that Fungatol and Gamma-T-ol extracts offer good potential to be used to control A. gossypii and T. urticae. Their use in pest management could be considered after validation in the field.Öğe Genetic variability in the prion protein gene in five indigenous Turkish sheep breeds(Elsevier, 2011) Alvarez, Lorena; Gutierrez-Gil, Beatriz; Uzun, Metehan; San Primitivo, Fermin; Jose Arranz, JuanOvine susceptibility to scrapie is largely controlled by polymorphisms in the PRNP gene. Beginning in 2003, breeding programmes based on the known association between this gene and the susceptibility/resistance status of this disease have been implemented in many European countries. This is not the case in Turkey, where the PRNP gene was not genotyped in native sheep breeds until recently. We sequenced the complete open reading frame of the PRNP gene in 100 sheep belonging to five native Turkish sheep breeds (Akkaraman = 21; Morkaraman = 20; Tuj = 17; Hemsin = 23; Karayaka = 19). Based on the variability found at codons 136, 154 and 171 (also referred to as standard codons), we determined six alleles VRQ TRQ ARR, ARH, ARK and ARQ. The archetype, ARQ was the most frequent variant in each of the five breeds (across-breed frequency = 0.710), while the second most frequent was the resistance-associated ARR allele (0.140). The susceptible VRQ allele exhibited the lowest frequency (0.015). The AHQ allele was not found in any of the analysed breeds. Beyond variability in the standard codons, we found ten additional amino acid variants (M112T, G127S, G127V, M137T, L141F, H143R, N146S, Y172D, Q189L and V213E), one of which, V213E, has not been previously described to our knowledge. Overall, this report may serve as a complement of previous studies on the genetic background of native Turkish sheep regarding the resistance/susceptibility status to classical and atypical scrapie. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Behcet disease and pregnancy(7847050 Canada Inc, 2014) Gungor, A. N. C.; Kalkan, G.; Oguz, S.; Sen, B.; Ozoguz, P.; Takci, Z.; Sacar, H.Purpose: Behcet disease (BD) is a multisystemic vaculitis commonly diagnosed in reproductive years. The authors aimed to investigate the relationship between BD and pregnancy outcomes. Materials and Methods: In this multicenter retrospective survey study, the authors compared the pregnancy outcomes of BD patients with the healthy controls. Results: A total of 298 pregnancies of 94 patients with BD and 219 pregnancies of 95 healthy controls were evaluated. The mean birth weight of all babies of women with BD and the control group were 3,214 grams and 3,351 grams, respectively (p = 0.028). The miscarriage rates were also higher in the BD group. The complication rates of pregnancy with hypertension, preeclampsia, preterm labour in the study group and the control group were 12.8% and 11.6%, respectively (p = 0.489). Conclusion: The current study demonstrated that BD patients delivered smaller babies and they have higher miscarriage rates when compared to the healthy controls which might be due to the vasculitis of the placenta.Öğe Preservation of ornamental plant materials with glycerine(Bangladesh Botanical Soc, 2004) Yildirim, BT; Gulgun, BGlycerine (60 and 40%) solution was used for the preservation of ornamental plant materials including twigs, leaves and berries. Five different plant materials viz. leaves of Magnolia grandiflora, Aspidistra elatior, Fatsia japonica and branches of Mahonia aquifolium and Cotoneaster horizontalis were used. The materials were put into containers with glycerine in hot water (60 and 40% v/v). These containers were kept under light and dark conditions. For all the tested plant materials 60% glycerine and light condition yielded better results.Öğe Production of female population in rainbow trout by the fertilization of normal ova with sperm from sex-reversed females(Indian Veterinary Journal, 2005) Guner, Y; Tenkinay, AA; Gullu, K; Guzel, S[Anstract Not Available]Öğe Congenital Anomalies: An Analysis of a Myth on Sumerian Clay Tablets(Ortadogu Ad Pres & Publ Co, 2010) Agartan, Canan Aldirmaz; Oner, SemaObjective: In this study, the 4(th), 5(th), 6(th) and 7(th) babies born with different anomalies that had been described in the Sumerian myth of Enki and Nimnah: Creation of Man, have been evaluated. Material and Methods: The myth was evaluated with the help of archeological sources, online museum catalogues, reviews written on this subject and getting opinions of various experts. Results: In the first part of the myth, a feast given by the gods to celebrate the creation of the perfect man had been described. In the second part, the Goddess Nimnah, had become jealous of Enki's success and created 6 defective, crippled babies out of mud. As Enki had got angry with Nimnah's act, he had created the 7(th) defective baby. Based on the descriptions of the babies in the myth, the 4(th) one had urinary continence, the 5(th) one was an infertile girl, the 6(th) one had ambigious genitalia, and the 7(th) one had probably Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome. The creations of these seven babies were done during above-mentioned feast under the influence of alcohol. To the best of our knowledge, this myth presented on the Sumerian clay tablets has an importance as they are the first written documents describing urinary incontinence, infertility and ambigiuous genitalia. Conclusion: It can be speculated that, Sumerians, who had pioneered various fields of science and technology might have observed the teratogenic effects of parental use of alcohol and wanted to send a message to the following generations by this myth.Öğe Myxomycetes of the western Black Sea Region of Turkey(Mycotaxon Ltd, 2005) Ergül, CC; Dülger, B; Oran, RB; Akgül, HThe distribution and abundance of myxomycetes in parts of the western Black Sea Region of Turkey during 2000-2002 are documented. Seventy-eight species belonging to 25 genera were recorded from field and moist chamber collections. Badhamia goniospora, B. papaveracea, B. populina, Cribraria confitsa, Dianema harveyi, Diderma niveum, Didymium sturgisii, Licea scyphoides, Macbrideola dubia, and Physarum globuliferum are new for Turkey.Öğe New equations for kinetic analysis of non-isothermal thermogravimetry(Asian Journal Of Chemistry, 2008) Dogan, Fatih; Yildirim, Ahmet; Yuerekli, MehmetNew equations have been proposed for the evaluation of the kinetic parameters from non-isothermal thermogravimetry. The Arrhenius temperature integral. In p(x), values were computed from the recently proposed series and approximations. The validity of the new equations has been confirmed by the analysis of theoretical and experimental thermogravimetric curves. The kinetic parameters computed using the proposed equations show better agreement for theoretical TG curves than the well-known methods.Öğe NEW MOSS RECORDS FROM WESTERN PART OF TURKEY(Bangladesh Botanical Soc, 2013) Yayintas, Ozlem TongucTwo species of moss namely, Onchoporus dendrophilus Hedderson & Blockeel and Sphagnum fimbriatum Wilson are reported for the first time from Turkey. Onchoporus dendrophilus is also a new report from Southwest Asia. Diagnostic characters, descriptions and illustrations were studied.
