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Öğe Öğe A disposable biosensing system for analysis of CA125 in real human serum samples(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2025) Afşar, Meltem; Vural, Berfin; Bilgi Kamaç, Melike; Sezgintürk, Mustafa KemalSeveral biomarkers have been developed to track the development of ovarian cancer and identify the illness at an early stage. A promising development for ovarian cancer is using cancer antigen 125 (CA125). The objective of this work is to identify the CA125 marker by utilizing an indium tin oxide polyethylene electrode. The advantage of the designed biosensor is that it is very cheap, disposable, practical, and easy to use. The necessary parameters for the developed biosensor have been optimized in detail. Repeatability, reproducibility, regeneration, storage, and selectivity studies have been completed to characterize the proposed biosensor. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry techniques were used for all experimental investigations of the proposed biosensor. The immunosensor offers a large linear detection range (0.01-100 pg/mL). Moreover, this developed sensor has a 0.018 pg/mL limit of detection and a 0.06 pg/mL limit of quantification. The high accuracy of this biosensor was observed in five commercial human serums.Öğe Integrated geochemical, geoelectrical, and UAV-based methods for analyzing the Güzelyalı landslide (Çanakkale, Türkiye)(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2025) Erenoğlu, Oya; Ulugergerli, Emin; Erenoğlu, Ramazan Cüneyt; Akbaş, Abdullah; Erginal, Ahmet EvrenThe number of reactivations increased in the Güzelyalı-Erenköy landslide area after 2013 in Çanakkale, Türkiye, where historical landslide activity has been recorded since 1875. This area is home to numerous summer residences and experiences ongoing slow-moving landslide activity along a 400-m-long slope, extending from the heavily trafficked Çanakkale-İzmir highway to the coastline. In this study, the nature of the reactivations was evaluated by considering the conditioning and triggering factors that contributed to the landslide. The evaluation was based on geochemical analyses, field observations, geoelectric measurements, and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) data. The results revealed that the sliding occurred along a moist slip surface, rich in various clay minerals such as illite, montmorillonite, and vermiculite, at a depth of approximately 4.5 m, as determined by ERT (Electrical Resistivity Tomography). Vertical movements within the landslide area, including rises and subsidences, accounted for changes of up to 0.1 m between 2013 and 2023. Chemical Index of Weathering (CIW), Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA), and Plagioclase Index of Alteration (PIA) calculations obtained from the X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy analysis indicate that the sliding surface is subjected to strong weathering, and these values are compatible with the X-Ray diffraction (XRD) data.Öğe Formation of Holocene paleosols in a relict sand dune sequence at Kıyıköy, Türkiye(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2025) Erginal, Ahmet Evren; Bozcu, Mustafa; Yakupoğlu, Nurettin; Akbaş, Abdullah; Kaya, Hakan; Tunç, İsmail OnurThe paleoclimatic indicators from a relict dune and paleosol sequence observed south of Kıyıköy Port, NW Türkiye, provide insights into the variable paleoclimatic conditions in the western Black Sea coastal zone over the last 4700 yrs BP. The relict dune- paleosol sequence consists of reddish-brown coarse sands with abundant shells and overlying paleosol. Radiocarbon dating of Donax trunculus shells collected from the lowest part of the relict dune revealed the onset of sand deposition 4689 ± 123 yrs ago. The dark-colored paleosol layer, with an Rb/Sr ratio of 0.008, yielded an age of 287 ± 32 yrs cal BP. These findings indicate that the paleosol developed around the 1700s, during one of the coldest phases of the Little Ice Age. This layer is followed by a brown-colored buried soil, indicating a short-lived humid and rainy period, as evidenced by an Rb/Sr ratio of 0.42.Öğe The Quaternary fluvial-lacustrine system in the Akarçay Basin (SW Anatolia): depositional environments and paleoclimatic interpretation(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2025) Aktürk, Koray; Kapan, SevinçThe Akarçay Closed Basin, located in southwest Anatolia, contains deformed formations and the drying Akşehir and Eber lakes. This study aimed to interpret the paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic conditions of the Akşehir and Eber lakes, which are reported to have been connected during the Pleistocene. Based on sedimentological and mineralogical data, three different depositional subenvironments were defined, corresponding to the formation and development stages of the lake. Sedimentary facies analysis of the Pleistocene deposits in the basin revealed the following facies associations, listed from bottom to top: 1) an alluvial fan and fluvial facies association, representing the formation stage of the lake, which developed due to tectonic activity and a humid/wet climate; 2) a lakeshore facies association, corresponding to the expansion stage when the lake spread shallowly, and 3) a lake center facies association, corresponding to the closing stage when the lake began to dry, characterized by limited levels of clastic deposition under very shallow lake conditions. In the lakeshore and lake center facies association, Valvata piscinalis, Dreissena iconica and D. polymorpha species living in shallow waters and streams, as well as Laevicaspia caspia species living in mesohaline environments were identified. X-ray diffraction analysis was performed on the levels that best represented the facies associations in the basin, revealing that the dominant clay minerals in the sequence were illite and kaolinite. Combined evaluation of the sedimentological, mineralogical, and paleontological data suggests that the abundance of Valvata piscinalis and Dreissena iconica—both stream-dwelling species—at levels with increased kaolinite content indicates rainy and humid climatic periods when stream-fed conditions prevailed in the basin. Conversely, the dominance of Laevicaspia caspia and the intervals marked by illite deposition indicate cold and arid climatic periods.Öğe Vaccine hesitancy in Türkiye: A natural language processing study on social media(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2025) Sarı, Semih; Bayram, UlyaVaccine hesitancy is a significant public healthcare problem that is threatening everyone worldwide. Vaccine hesitancy has become more ingrained in Turkish society, mainly through social media. Unfortunately, reflections of this hesitancy are preventable deaths or permanent disabilities. Because of the uncontrolled spread of misinformation and disinformation on social media, Türkiye is facing a future health crisis. As a step towards preventing this crisis, our main objective is to use the power of artificial intelligence techniques on Turkish social media posts to detect antivaccine posts. Through this study, it will be possible to raise awareness about the importance of vaccines in Turkish society, strengthen Türkiye’s defense mechanism against potential epidemics, and ensure that our society exchanges information in a healthier digital environment. We collected and cleaned a novel Turkish social media dataset, resulting in 3778 posts. Then, we used a baseline machine learning method, logistic regression, popular machine learning methods, support vector machines, and XGBoost to detect antivaccine thoughts and misleading information from Turkish social media posts. Further, we included transformers that changed the natural language processing domain. Evaluations are conducted using a multilingual BERT and two models specifically trained for recognizing Turkish texts, such as BERTurk. Results showed that transformers can separate Turkish social media posts with antivaccine beliefs from other posts with a 75.9% Area Under the ROC curve rate.Öğe Tuhfetü’ş-Şâhân Kapsamında 17. Yüzyıl Osmanlı Fakihlerinden Ebü’l-Bekā el-Kefevî’nin İslâmî Finans ve Sermaye Edinme Yöntemlerine Dair Görüşleri(Şırnak Üniversitesi, 2025) Çöklü, RamazanEbü'l-Bekâ el-Kefevî, 17. yüzyıl Osmanlı toplumunda müderrislik, müftülük ve kadılık görevlerinde bulunmuş, yaşadığı döneme damgasını vuran meşhur âlimlerden biridir. Babası da âlim olan Kefevî, eserlerinde İslâmî ilimlerin çeşitli alanlarında bilgiler veren müdakkik ve yetkin bir şahsiyettir. Özellikle Tuhfetü'ş-şâhân’da fıkıhtan kelâma, tasavvuftan ahlâka, astronomiden tefsire kadar pek çok ilimde tartışma konusu olan meselelere değinmiştir. Daha da önemlisi, eserin önemli bir kısmında 'mesele' adlı başlıklar altında birçok güncel fıkhî meselenin hükmünü açıklamış, bir bakıma 17. yüzyıl Osmanlı toplumunun dinî, kültürel ve sosyal hayatını, örf ve âdetleri resmetmiştir. Tuhfetü'ş-şâhân bu yönüyle bir fetva kitabını andırmaktadır. Bu araştırmada da Kefevî’nin İslâmî finans ve sermaye edinme yöntemleri hakkındaki bazı görüşleri incelenmiş; para vakıfları, muâmele-i şer'iyye, bazı fâsid akitler, haram akitler ve alışverişte helal ve haramlarla ilgili fetvaları açıklanmıştır. Araştırma, Osmanlı devletinin büyük ekonomik kriz yaşadığı bir dönemde kadılık yapması nedeniyle halkın bizzat içinde ve ticarî işlerine son derece vakıf olan bir âlimin fetvalarını incelediği için önemlidir. Zira bilindiği üzere her kriz kendi fırsatçılarını doğurur. 17. yüzyıl Osmanlı toplumunda da krizi fırsat bilerek halkı aldatmaya çalışan, stokçuluk yapan, faiz ve benzeri şüpheli işlemlere başvuran insanlar türemiştir. Devletin ve halkın içine düştüğü ekonomik buhranı lehine çevirmeye çalışan, karşılıklı ticarî ilişkilerde İslâm'ın izin vermediği finans ve sermaye edinme yöntemlerine başvuran yeni fırsatçılar ortaya çıkmıştır. Muhtemelen bu sâikten hareketle Kefevî, alışverişe dair hükümleri bütüncül ve fıkıh sistematiği üzerine incelemek yerine o dönemdeki insanların ticarî faaliyetleriyle ilgili güncel meselelere yer vermiş, başka bir ifadeyle 17. yüzyıl Osmanlı toplumunun ticârî işlemlerine özgü çeşitli teknik konuların hükmünü açıklamıştır. Ayrıca Kefevî, yaşadığı çağın şartlarını göz önünde bulundurarak bazı konularda maslahata binaen ve haksızlığı önlemek için Hanefî mezhebinin genel görüşünün dışına çıkmış, bazı meselelerde de fâsid şartı giderip alışverişleri geçerli ve helal kılacak çıkış yolları üretmiştir. Böylece ticarî işlemlerin İslâm hukukunun sınırları içerisinde sürdürülebilirliğini sağlamıştır. Özellikle para vakıflarında yapılan işlemlerle ilgili literatürde benzerine pek rastlamadığımız ve bu konuda yazılan eserlerde yer almayan özgün bir görüş ortaya koymuştur. Araştırma, bu denli muhakkik bir âlimin görüşlerini incelemesi nedeniyle de önem arz etmektedir. Zira Osmanlı ekonomisine ve ticarî faaliyetlerine dair çeşitli akademik çalışmalar yapılsa da sırf ticarî sapmalara odaklanan ve çözüm yollarının ön planda olduğu yeterli sayıda araştırmanın mevcut olmadığı fark edilmiştir. Yine araştırmada sadece Kefevî’nin görüşlerinin ortaya çıkarılmasıyla yetinilmemiş, onların, müntesibi olduğu Hanefî mezhebinin genel görüşlerine uygunluğu da tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Bunun yanı sıra araştırma Kefevî'nin fıkıhçılığı hakkındaki Türkçe ilk akademik çalışmalardan biridir. Daha önce Tuhfetü'ş-şâhân'la ilgili bir değerlendirme çalışması yapılsa da burada eserin genel özellikleri açıklanmış, muhteva analizi yapılmadığı gibi Kefevî'nin görüşleri tespit ve tahlil edilmemiştir. Araştırmanın temel kaynağı Kefevî'nin Tuhfetü'ş-şâhân adlı eseridir. Çalışma boyunca eserin Osmanlı arşivlerinde bulunan matbu ve yazma nüshalarının yanı sıra İslâm iktisadı ve finansıyla ilgili klasik ve modern kaynaklardan da yararlanılmıştır. Araştırmada önce Osmanlı Devleti’nin 17. yüzyıldaki ekonomik durumuyla ilgili bilgi verilmiştir. Sonrasında Kefevî'nin görüşleri çerçevesinde Osmanlı halkının o dönemdeki alışveriş kültürü, bazı finans ve sermaye edinme yöntemleri üzerinden açıklanmıştır.Öğe Determination of urinary iodine excretion and iodine deficiency in school-age children aged 7-11 after mandatory iodization in Canakkale, Turkiye(Kare Publ, 2025) Çevik, Kübra; Aylanç, HakanOBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to determine the iodine deficiency status of school-age children in Canakkale, whose data were not known before. METHODS: The population of the research was created from students in the 7-11 age group studying in primary schools. 316 students were selected for the study group by multi-stage stratified sampling method. Physical examinations and anthropometric measurements of the children were performed. A survey was conducted on their families regarding the use of iodized salt. Iodine level was measured spectrophotometrically from the collected spot urine sample. RESULTS: One hundred forty-nine of the study group (47.2%) were male and 167 (52.8%) were female. Mean age was 8.74 +/- 1.09 years, mean height SDS was 0.45 +/- 1.09, mean weight SDS was 0.62 +/- 1.27. Iodine deficiency was detected in 25% (79) of the study group, and most of them (20.5%) had mild iodine deficiency and 51.8% of the children. The mean iodine level in Canakkale was 15.8 +/- 8.43 mu g/dL. CONCLUSION: In our study, we showed that the average urinary iodine level in school-age children in Canakkale was sufficient. However, we showed that Canakkale is an endemic region for iodine deficiency due to its high rate of mild urinary iodine deficiency.Öğe Orbital Doppler ultrasonography evaluation in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: A prospective study(Health Directorate of Istanbul (HDI), 2025) Reşorlu, Mustafa; Ertem, Senay Bengin[No abstract available]Öğe Validity and reliability of the Frith-Happé Animation Test in a Turkish sample(Kare Publ, 2025) Dilay Deniz, Pelinsu; Hıdıroğlu Ongun, CerenObjective: The lack of assessments for social cognitive functions in Turkiye highlights the need for valid and reliable measurement tools in this field. This study aims to examine the reliability and validity of the Frith-Happé Animation Test (AT) in a Turkish sample. Additionally, it investigates the impact of demographic variables such as age, gender, and education level on AT performance, and explores differences in social cognitive functions between individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and a healthy control group using the AT. Methods: The study included 267 healthy adults (145 females, 122 males) aged 18-45, along with 20 individuals diagnosed with ASD (four females, 16 males) aged 18-39. Participants were categorized by gender, age group (18-25, 26-35, 36-45 years), and educational attainment (lower: ≤12 years; higher: >12 years). The AT and the Dokuz Eylul Theory of Mind Scale (DEToMS) were administered. Results: The AT demonstrated high internal consistency, with Cronbach’s alpha coefficients of 0.673 for intentionality, 0.679 for appropriateness, 0.799 for certainty, and 0.906 for length. Test-retest analysis showed high stability in intentionality scores overall (r=0.835) and across different animation types. Criterion validity was moderate, with positive correlations between DEToMS total scores and intentionality scores (overall r=0.443; goal-directed r=0.368; theory of mind [ToM] r=0.437). Additionally, healthy individuals demonstrated better AT performance than those with ASD. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the Frith-Happé Animation Test is a valid and reliable measurement tool in a Turkish sample. In this context, it serves as an effective instrument for assessing social cognition and holds significant potential to contribute to future clinical assessments and scientific research.Öğe Modulation of Gut Microbiota Using VSL#3 and Its Impact on Aortic Parameters in a Rat Model(Turkish Society of Cardiology, 2025) Altun, Mehzat; Küçük, Uğur; Yıldırım, NurayBackground: The increase in aortic stiffness is a significant parameter of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), posing a substantial global health challenge and economic burden. The gut microbiota and its homeostasis, directly and indirectly, influence CVD. This study investigated the extent to which alterations in the gut microbiota can affect aortic parameters in a rat model through the administration of VSL#3. Methods: Twelve male Wistar rats were divided into VSL#3-treated and control groups. Cardiac function, aortic systolic, and diastolic values were assessed via echocardiography on day 0 and day 42, and fecal specimens were simultaneously collected from each rat. The formation and composition of the gut microbial flora were profiled using 16S rDNA gene sequencing. Results: Differences in bacterial density, as indicated by Chao analysis, exhibited statistical significance (P = .037) between the 2 groups. Additionally, in the VSL#3-treated group, significant improvements were observed in aortic systolic and diastolic diameters, as well as in aortic strain parameters, compared to the control group. Conclusion: This research highlights the potential of gut microbiome modulation, specifically through VSL#3 administration, as a promising strategy to improve aortic parameters, suggesting a novel avenue for cardiovascular health interventions.Öğe Solar-Powered Automated Drip Irrigation System Scheduling(Ankara Univ, Fac Agriculture, 2025) Yıldırım, Murat; Yücel, Muzaffer; Mucan, UmutThe necessity of irrigation management has become increasingly important in many regions due to water scarcity. With agriculture consuming 72% of the world's freshwater, it is crucial to use water efficiently in all areas of life, particularly in agriculture. Pressurized irrigation systems, when combined with automation, have significantly improved irrigation practices. Currently, there is a growing shift from manual systems to automated operations in pressurized systems, as automation and electronics in agriculture are becoming more widespread globally. In the study, an automatic irrigation system powered by solar energy was used to calculate plant water consumption based on solar radiation throughout the entire growing season. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of a solar-powered automatic drip irrigation system compared to manual irrigation, focusing on crop yield outcomes, improving water use efficiency, and reducing labor and energy costs. The developed system utilized solar radiation data to estimate plant water consumption and automatically applied irrigation water equivalent to the crop's evapotranspiration throughout the entire growing season. The system was programmed to activate and deactivate at predetermined times based on calculated water requirements. The study's results showed no statistically significant difference in yield between the manually controlled drip irrigation system (6.72 t/ha) and the automated drip irrigation system (6.80 t/ha); however, the use of solar energy to power the automatic drip irrigation system eliminated irrigation energy costs by 100% during daylight hours, and the integration of automation reduced labor costs. The study indicates a potential 50-60% reduction in labor efforts, as the automated system independently scheduled and executed irrigation without the need for human intervention. Despite an observed over-irrigation in June, the system effectively maintained soil moisture at field capacity throughout the plant's growth stages. This approach prevented excessive water use and nutrient leaching beyond the root zone, thereby making significant contributions to environmental sustainability.Öğe The efficiency of teaching with simultaneous prompting? To children with Autism Spectrum Disorder to acquire the skill of describing people(Turkish Education Assoc, 2025) Gözde, Aslı; Kalkan, SinanThis study aimed to examine the effectiveness of simultaneous prompting teaching method on children with ASD to acquire the skills of describing people, the level of preserving the skills of the participants to describe the people they gained after the implementation ended, and the level of generalization to different people and different environments. In this study, a multiple probe model with probe phase between participants, which is one of the single-subject research models, was used. Four children with ASD, aged 5-10 years, participated in the study. Inter-observer reliability and application reliability data were collected at each stage of the study. Social validity data were collected from the parents and teachers of the four participants who participated in the study to determine their views on the research. While the inter-observer reliability coefficient of the study was calculated as 97.75%, the coefficient of the application reliability data was obtained as 96.65%. The effect size of the study was calculated with the Tau-U method, which is one of the methods based on non-overlapping data. Accordingly, the effect size Tau-U value of the application was calculated as 0.8131 which indicates a medium effect size. At the end of the research, it was seen that the application performed with simultaneous prompting of the participants was effective in developing the skills of children with ASD to describe people and that they were able to generalize these skills to different environments and to different people, and they were able to maintain these skills 7, 14 and 21 days after the implementation ended.Öğe Taberî’nin Tefsirinde İcmâ: Kavramsal Çerçevesi, Kaynaklık Niteliği ve Yorumsal Uygulamaları(Sakarya Üniversitesi, 2025) Yaşar, MehmetTefsir literatüründe icmâ konusuna atıfta bulunan birçok tefsir kaynağına rastlamak mümkündür. Özellikle klasik dönem tefsirlerinde icmâın ciddi bir karşılığı mevcuttur. Bu açıdan bakıldığında tefsir ilminde icmâın hangi gerçekliğe karşılık geldiği, Müslüman âlimlerin tamamının bir âyetin anlamı üzerinde ittifak etmelerinin pratik anlamda mümkün olup olmadığı gibi soruların cevaplandırılması, bu meselenin tefsir literatüründeki yerinin anlaşılması açısından son derece önemlidir. Klasik dönemde bu önemli isimlerden biri, Taberî’dir (öl. 310/923). Onun Câmiʿu’l-beyân adlı tefsiri incelendiğinde icmâı tefsir ilminin beslendiği temel kaynaklarından biri olarak konumlandırdığı görülmektedir. Taberî, birçok âyetin tefsirinde icmâ deliline atıfta bulunmakta ve bu delilden hareketle selefin görüşlerini değerlendirmeye tabi tutmaktadır. Bu yönüyle o, icmâ delilini, tefsirinin temel kaynaklarından biri olarak görmektedir. Taberî icmâ delilini çok yönlü kullanmaktadır. Tespit edildiği kadarıyla o, kimi zaman doğrudan icmâ ifadesine atıfta bulunarak ilgili âyette ittifak olduğunu belirtmektedir. Böylelikle âyetin tefsirini spesifik bir anlamla sınırlandırmaktadır. Bazen de anlam açısından birbirini tamamlayıcı görüşleri, ihtilaf penceresinden değerlendirmeyerek âyetin tüm anlamlarının doğruluğunu ortaya çıkaran icmâa işaret etmektedir. Bu bakış açısıyla o, âyetin işaret ettiği tüm mânaların doğruluğunu vurgulamaktadır. Bununla beraber Taberî, icmâ kelimesini mutlak anlamdaki ittifak mânasında kullanmadığı birçok âyet yorumunun mevcut olduğu da dikkat çekmektedir. Nitekim o, bir-iki kişinin, âyetlerin yorumunda cumhura muhalefet etmesine itibar etmemekte ve sayıca az kişilerin, genel kanaatin aksine olacak tercihlerini icmâa halel görmemektedir. Dolayısıyla Taberî’nin tefsirinde icmâın hücceti ve bağlayıcılığı açıktır. Bu çalışma tümevarım yöntemiyle Taberî’nin perspektifinden hareketle icmâ delilinin tefsir literatüründeki yerini ortaya koymayı hedeflemektedir. Bu yapılırken de alanın önemli isimlerinden Taberî’nin tefsiri merkeze alınacak ve yer yer mukayeseli okumalar yapılacaktır.Öğe The Relationship Between Financial Development and Income Inequality for Different Income Groups: An ARDL Bounds Test Approach for Turkiye(Sosyoekonomi Society, 2025) Topçu, UğurAs financial development (FD) has become as important a factor as economic growth, this study analyses how financial development shapes income inequality, based on the Kuznets Curve approach. The research aims to contribute significantly to the literature by examining the relationship between financial development and income distribution from a more current perspective. For this reason, within the scope of the study, two models were created to measure how FD affects different income groups, and the Kuznets Curve approach selected the dependent variables of these models. As a result of the literature review, the independent variables were determined as the FD index, the square of the FD index, the annual percentage change in the consumer price index, the natural logarithm of GDP, and the natural logarithm of transfer expenditures. As a result of the ARDL test, it was concluded that FD caused the gap between the low-income and high-income groups to widen, the share of the low-income group in society to decrease, and the share of the high-income group to increase. These results showed that transfer expenditures can provide short-term solutions to reduce income inequality caused by financial development (FD) in developing economies such as Türkiye. However, it has been recommended that it is necessary to improve financial education, raise awareness and implement financial market reforms for a long-term solution.Öğe Investigation of insecticide residues in the soil of agricultural areas and around water resources and associated risk assessment(Entomological Soc Turkey, Ege Univ, 2025) Polat, Burak; Tiryaki, OsmanPesticides are the important contaminants for the environment. In this study, insecticide residues of the soils, taken from agricultural lands and around water resources in the Çanakkale-Central district were investigated. The Quick-Easy-Cheap-Efficient-Rugged-Safe (QuEChERS) method was employed to determine residues. Method verification was performed by spiking blank samples at 1 and 8 times the limit of quantification. 54 soil samples were taken from study area in 2020 and subjected to residue analyses. Of these samples, 44 had insecticides at various concentrations. Twenty insecticides were detected at various frequencies. Insecticide residue levels were between 1.01 and 760.01 µg/kg. Maximum etoxazole was detected as 760.01 µg/kg in one sample. This sample was sampled from the nearby fields where wastes were seen. In addition, 17 insecticides were found at various concentrations in the same sample. Risk assessments revealed low hazard for children and adults. In terms of hazard quotient (HQ) levels, maximum values were encountered for pyridaben (445.00*10-7 for children and 59.33*10-7 for adults). The sum of HQs for all insecticides was 1310.00*10-7 for children and 174.67*10-7 for adults. It was concluded that farmers should be encouraged to use insecticides with low HQ values to mitigate soil contamination in places where insecticides are detected.Öğe The Effect of Defence Expenditures on Inflation: The Case of Selected NATO Countries(Sosyoekonomi Derneği, 2025) Öksüz, Mehtap; Yılmaz, NeslihanThe impact of defence expenditures on inflation in selected NATO countries was analysed, taking structural breaks into account in this study. The implementation covers the USA, UK, France, Germany, Italy, ranked first to fifth, and T & uuml;rkiye, ranked 8th in defence expenditures in NATO. The analysis was executed using data from 1960 to 2022. In this respect, the question of whether defence expenditures create inflationary pressure was expanded with the Fourier function. This method integrates the effect of structural breaks into the model by considering and reviewing the ARDL Bounds Test and ADL Cointegration techniques. Consequently, the findings showed that defence expenditures increased inflation in the USA. However, there was no significant effect in the other examined countries. This case suggested that the impact of defence expenditures on inflation greatly differs from country to country.Öğe Türkiye’de Göç Olgusunun Yakınsama Kulüpleri ile Analizi ve Kulüp Oluşumunu Etkileyen Faktörlerin Belirlenmesi(Sosyoekonomi Derneği, 2025) Davaslıgil-Atmaca, Verda; Altun, ÖmerBu çalışmanın amacı Türkiye’de Düzey 3 (81 il) seviyesinde göç hızı kulüp yakınsamasının analiz edilmesi ve kulüpleri etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesidir. Bu amaçla, 2008-2022 döneminde göç hızının kulüp yakınsama gösterip göstermediği Phillips-Sul (2007) log t yakınsama prosedürü ile araştırılmıştır. Panelin tamamı için mutlak yakınsama olmadığı, 81 ilin üç kulüp oluşturduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. İllerin kulüp üyeliğini etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi amacıyla genelleştirilmiş sıralı logit model tahmin edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, kişi başına düşen gelir, sağlık hizmetleri, ticari faaliyetler ve çocuk sayısı değişkenlerindeki artış illerin bir üst kulüpte olma olasılıklarını artırmakta; okullaşma oranı ve nüfus yoğunluğundaki artış ise bu olasılığı azaltmaktadır.Öğe Clinical and economic evaluation of the impact of methicillin resistance on prosthetic joint infections(Cukurova University, 2025) Yekta Ürkmez, Fatma; Öner, Süleyman Kaan; Alkan, Sevil; Kozlu, SüleymanPurpose: Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is unfortunately a costly process. In this study, we aimed to examine the effect of methicillin resistance on the cost of PJI compared to susceptible patients. Materials and Methods: Patients who underwent primary hip or knee arthroplasty in our center between January 2012 and December 2021 and were diagnosed with staphylococcal PJI were included in this retrospective design study. Expenses incurred during hospitalization were divided into categories. Each expense was converted to dollars ($) at the annual average exchange rate. Results: A total of 55 patients were included in the study. There were 31 and 24 patients in the methicillin-resistant and susceptible groups, respectively. The methicillinresistant group was significantly older than the susceptible group, other characteristics were similar. The cost in the methicillin-resistant group was $2055.7 ($676.0-$12620.0) and in the susceptible group was $1643.9 ($707.8$10834.8). There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of surgical costs, antibiotic costs, blood center costs and radiology costs. Conclusion: According to our study, the treatment cost of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus PJI was 1.3 times higher than that of methicillin-susceptible.Öğe Dağıtılmış Gecikme Modelleri: Koyck ve Almon Modeli: Tarım Verileri Üzerine Bir Uygulama(Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi, 2025) Köleoğlu, Nilay; Çelik, ŞenolMısır, sıcak iklim tahılları grubuna giren tek yıllık bit bitki olup, dünyada tahıllar içinde üretim açısından buğdaydan sonra ikinci sırada yer almaktadır. Mısır, hayvan yemi ve insan yiyeceği olarak çok değişik alanlarda kullanılmaktadır. Mısır bitkisi, Türkiye’de buğday ve arpadan sonra en fazla üretilen hububat bitkisidir. Tarla bitkileri sınıfına giren mısır bitkisinin üretim miktarı ve fiyat arasındaki ilişki Koyck ve Almon yöntemleri kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Çalışma verileri Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK)’ndan alınan 2000-2023 yılları arası dönemi kapsamaktadır. Koyck modelinden elde edilen sonuçlara göre mısır üretimi, geriye dönük olarak en çok son üç yıllık fiyatından etkilenmektedir. Mısır fiyatlarında oluşacak olan değişim 6.194 yıllık süreçte üretim bazında dikkat çeken bir etkiye sebep olmuştur. Analizden elde edilen bir diğer sonuç, t döneminde görülen mısır fiyatlarındaki bir TL artma miktarı, üretim miktarını 302283.6 ton arttırmıştır. Bunun yanında t-1 dönemde fiyatta görülen bir TL artma üretim miktarını 2602666.2 ton arttırırken, t-2 dönem fiyatındaki bir TL artma 224089.2 ton, t-3, t-4, t-5 ve t-6 dönem fiyat için bir TL artma, üretim üzerinde sırasıyla 192940.8, 166122, 143031.1 ve 123149.7 ton artışına sebep olmaktadır. Mısır bitkisinin fiyat bazındaki gecikmeli değerlerindeki değişmeler üretim miktarı üzerinde azalan yönde pozitif etki oluşturmuştur. Modelin uygunluğu için determinasyon katsayısı (R2), düzeltilmiş determinasyon katsayısı (R ̅^2), Bayesci Bilgi Kriteri (BIC) ve Akaike Bilgi Kriteri (AIC) uyum iyiliği istatistikleri incelenmiştir. Uyum iyiliği testleri incelendiğinde Koyck modeli için R2=0.940, R ̅^2=0.925 ve BIC=29.340 sonuçlarına ulaşılmıştır. Almon modeli için R2=0.935, R ̅^2=0.924 ve BIC=29.374 sonuçlarına ulaşılmıştır. Dolayısıyla her iki modelin de uygun olduğu görülmüştür. Ancak, araştırma bulguları bize, mısır üretimi-fiyat ilişkisini Koyck Modelinin biraz daha iyi sonuçlar verdiğini göstermiştir.
