It takes two to tango - Phylogeography, taxonomy and hybridization in grass snakes and dice snakes (Serpentes: Natricidae: Natrix natrix, N. tessellata)

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dc.authorid0000-0001-9323-9157en_US
dc.authorscopusid6602719986en_US
dc.authorwosidAAG-6778-2019en_US
dc.contributor.authorAsztalos, Marika
dc.contributor.authorAyaz, Dinçer
dc.contributor.authorBayrakçı, Yusuf
dc.contributor.authorAfşar, Murat
dc.contributor.authorTok, Cemal Varol
dc.contributor.authorKindler, Carolin
dc.contributor.authorJablonski, Daniel
dc.contributor.authorFritz, Uwe
dc.date.accessioned2023-06-19T12:39:15Z
dc.date.available2023-06-19T12:39:15Z
dc.date.issued2021en_US
dc.departmentFakülteler, Fen Fakültesi, Biyoloji Bölümü
dc.description.abstractUsing two mitochondrial DNA fragments and 13 microsatellite loci, we examined the phylogeographic structure and taxonomy of two codistributed snake species (Natrix natrix, N. tessellata) in their eastern distribution area, with a focus on Turkey. We found evidence for frequent interspecific hybridization, previously thought to be extremely rare, and for backcrosses. This underscores that closely related sympatric species should be studied together because otherwise the signal of hybridization will be missed. Furthermore, the phylogeographic patterns of the two species show many parallels, suggestive of a shared biogeographic history. In general, the phylogeographies follow the paradigm of southern richness to northern purity, but the dice snake has some additional lineages in the south and east in regions where grass snakes do not occur. For both species, the Balkan Peninsula and the Caucasus region served as glacial refugia, with several mitochondrial lineages occurring in close proximity. Our results show that the mitochondrial divergences in both species match nuclear genomic differentiation. Yet, in the former glacial refugia of grass snakes there are fewer nuclear clusters than mitochondrial lineages, suggesting that Holocene range expansions transformed the glacial hotspots in melting pots where only the mitochondrial lineages persisted, bearing witness of former diversity. On the other hand, the deep mitochondrial divergences in N. tessellata across its entire range indicate that more than one species could be involved, even though lacking microsatellite data outside of Turkey prevent firm conclusions. On the contrary, our microsatellite and mitochondrial data corroborate that N. megalocephala is invalid and not differentiated from sympatric populations of N. natrix. For Cypriot grass snakes, our analyses yielded conflicting results. A critical assessment of the available evidence suggests that N. natrix is a genetically impoverished recent invader on Cyprus and taxonomically not distinct from a subspecies also occurring in western Anatolia and the southern Balkans. Based on combined mitochondrial and nuclear genomic evidence we propose that for grass snakes the following subspecies should be recognized in our study region: (1) Natrix natrix vulgaris Laurenti, 1768, southeastern Central Europe and northern Balkans; (2) Natrix natrix moreotica (Bedriaga, 1882), southern Balkans, western Anatolia, and Cyprus; and (3) Natrix natrix scutata (Pallas, 1771), eastern Anatolia, Caucasus region, Iran, northeastern distribution range (from eastern Poland and Finland to Kazakhstan and the Lake Baikal region). Thus, Natrix natrix cypriaca (Hecht, 1930) becomes a junior synonym of N. n. moreotica and Natrix natrix persa (Pallas, 1814) becomes a junior synonym of N. n. scutata. Due to insufficient material, we could not resolve the status of Natrix natrix syriaca (Hecht, 1930) from the Gulf of İskenderun, southeastern Turkey.en_US
dc.identifier.citationAsztalos, M., Ayaz, D., Bayrakçı, Y., Afşar, M., Tok, C. V., Kindler, C., . . . Fritz, U. (2021). It takes two to tango - phylogeography, taxonomy and hybridization in grass snakes and dice snakes (serpentes: Natricidae: Natrix natrix, N. tessellata). Vertebrate Zoology, 71, 813-834. doi:10.3897/vz.71.e76453en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.3897/vz.71.e76453
dc.identifier.endpage834en_US
dc.identifier.issn1864-5755
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85122037162
dc.identifier.startpage813en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.3897/vz.71.e76453
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12428/4320
dc.identifier.volume71en_US
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000729528700001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ2
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.institutionauthorTok, Cemal Varol
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherSenckenbergische Naturforschende Gesellschaften_US
dc.relation.ispartofVertebrate Zoologyen_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.relation.tubitakinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/TUBITAK/SOBAG/116Z359
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessen_US
dc.rightsAttribution 3.0 United States*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/us/*
dc.subjectBiogeographyen_US
dc.subjectHybridizationen_US
dc.subjectNatrix natrixen_US
dc.subjectNatrix megalocephalaen_US
dc.subjectNatrix tessellataen_US
dc.subjectPhylogeographyen_US
dc.subjectSubspeciesen_US
dc.subjectTaxonomyen_US
dc.subjectTurkeyen_US
dc.titleIt takes two to tango - Phylogeography, taxonomy and hybridization in grass snakes and dice snakes (Serpentes: Natricidae: Natrix natrix, N. tessellata)
dc.typeArticle

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