What Do Nonreligious Nonbelievers Believe in? Secular Worldviews Around the World

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dc.authoridBendixen, Theiss/0000-0001-5729-1281
dc.authoridReznicek, Dan/0000-0002-5693-3788
dc.authoridTurpin, Hugh/0000-0003-0741-5340
dc.authoridMaraldi, Everton/0000-0002-3330-5893
dc.authoridFarias, Miguel/0000-0001-5925-795X
dc.authoridHaimila, Roosa/0000-0002-3909-2163
dc.authoridPurzycki, Benjamin/0000-0002-9595-7360
dc.contributor.authorvan Mulukom, Valerie
dc.contributor.authorTurpin, Hugh
dc.contributor.authorHaimila, Roosa
dc.contributor.authorPurzycki, Benjamin Grant
dc.contributor.authorBendixen, Theiss
dc.contributor.authorKlocova, Eva Kundtova
dc.contributor.authorReznicek, Dan
dc.date.accessioned2025-01-27T20:53:54Z
dc.date.available2025-01-27T20:53:54Z
dc.date.issued2023
dc.departmentÇanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractThe global increase in nonreligious individuals begs for a better understanding of what nonreligious beliefs and worldviews actually entail. Rather than assuming an absence of belief or imposing a predetermined set of beliefs, this research uses an open-ended approach to investigate which secular beliefs and worldviews nonreligious nontheistic individuals in 10 countries around the world might endorse. Approximately, one thousand participants were recruited (N = 996; approximately 100 participants per country) and completed the online survey. A data-driven coding scheme of the open-ended question about the participants' beliefs and worldviews was created and includes 51 categories in 11 supercategories (agency and control, collaboration and peace, equality and kindness, morality, natural laws and the here and now, nonreligiosity, reflection and acceptance, science and critical thinking, spirituality, truth, and other). The 10 most frequently mentioned categories were science, humanism, critical skepticism, natural laws, equality, kindness and caring, care for the earth, left-wing political causes, atheism, and individualism and freedom. Patterns of beliefs were explored, demonstrating three worldview belief sets: scientific worldviews, humanist worldviews, and caring nature-focused worldviews. This project is a timely data-driven exploration of the content and range of global secular worldviews around the world and matches previous theoretical work. Future research may utilize these data and findings to construct more comprehensive surveys to be completed in additional countries.
dc.description.sponsorshipUnderstanding Unbelief RFP2 Early Career Award; Aarhus University Research Foundation; Finnish Cultural Foundation [00180271]
dc.description.sponsorshipThis research was funded by an Understanding Unbelief RFP2 Early Career Award awarded to Valerie van Mulukom; Benjamin Grant Purzycki and Theiss Bendixen acknowledge support from the Aarhus University Research Foundation; and Roosa Haimila was supported by a research grant from the Finnish Cultural Foundation (Grant: 00180271).
dc.identifier.doi10.1037/rel0000480
dc.identifier.endpage156
dc.identifier.issn1941-1022
dc.identifier.issn1943-1562
dc.identifier.issue1
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85135821857
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.startpage143
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1037/rel0000480
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12428/25893
dc.identifier.volume15
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000835441600001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ2
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherEducational Publishing Foundation-American Psychological Assoc
dc.relation.ispartofPsychology of Religion and Spirituality
dc.relation.publicationcategoryinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.snmzKA_WoS_20250125
dc.subjectsecular beliefs
dc.subjectworldviews
dc.subjectnonreligion
dc.subjectatheism
dc.subjectcross-cultural
dc.titleWhat Do Nonreligious Nonbelievers Believe in? Secular Worldviews Around the World
dc.typeArticle

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