The Effects of Two Methods on Venipuncture Pain in Children: Procedural Restraint and Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention Package

Background: Invasive interventions can produce fear, anxiety, and pain in children. This may negatively affect the children's treatment and care. Aim: This study was conducted to determine the effects of procedural restraint (PR) and cognitive behavioral intervention package (CBIP) on venipuncture pain in children between 6-12 years of age. Design: Quasi-experimental study. Settings: The study was conducted in the pediatric blood collection service of the hospital in Turkey between October 1, 2015, and April 1, 2016. Participants/Subjects: The population of the study consisted of children admitted to the blood collection service during the study period who met the inclusion criteria. Methods: The children included in the study were divided into two groups. Group 1 (n 1/4 31) received PR in accordance with routine clinical practice. Group 2 (n 1/4 30) received the CBIP. The data were collected by the researchers using a questionnaire, the visual analog scale (VAS), and the Wong-Baker FACES (WBFACES) Pain Rating Scale. Results: The children in the PR group had a mean VAS score of 5.90 3.22 and a mean WB-FACES score of 8.70 2.22. The children in the CBIP group had a mean VAS score of 2.43 +/- 2.02 and a mean WB-FACES score of 2.80 +/- 2.49. A statistically significant difference was found between the mean VAS and WBFACES pain scores of the groups (p < .05). Conclusions: The results of this study showed that the children in the CBIP group had a lower pain level during venipuncture compared to those restrained for the procedure. (c) 2019 American Society for Pain Management Nursing. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.