Beyond the Gut: Unveiling Butyrate's Global Health Impact Through Gut Health and Dysbiosis-Related Conditions: A Narrative Review

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dc.authoridKalkan, Arda Erkan / 0009-0003-6141-862X
dc.authoridKarav, Sercan / 0000-0003-4056-1673
dc.contributor.authorKalkan, Arda Erkan
dc.contributor.authorBinmowyna, Mona N.
dc.contributor.authorRaposo, Antonio
dc.contributor.authorAhmad, Md Faruque
dc.contributor.authorAhmed, Faiyaz
dc.contributor.authorOtayf, Abdullah Y.
dc.contributor.authorCarrascosa, Conrado
dc.contributor.authorKarav, Sercan
dc.date.accessioned2025-05-29T02:57:22Z
dc.date.available2025-05-29T02:57:22Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.departmentÇanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractShort-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), mainly produced by gut microbiota through the fermentation process of dietary fibers and proteins, are crucial to human health, with butyrate, a famous four-carbon SCFA, standing out for its inevitably regulatory impact on both gut and immune functions. Within this narrative review, the vital physiological functions of SCFAs were examined, with emphasis on butyrate's role as an energy source for colonocytes and its ability to enhance the gut barrier while exhibiting anti-inflammatory effects. Knowledge of butyrate synthesis, primarily generated by Firmicutes bacteria, can be influenced by diets with specifically high contents of resistant starches and fiber. Butyrate can inhibit histone deacetylase, modulate gene expression, influence immune functionality, and regulate tight junction integrity, supporting the idea of its role in gut barrier preservation. Butyrate possesses systemic anti-inflammatory properties, particularly, its capacity to reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines and maintain immune homeostasis, highlighting its therapeutic potential in managing dysbiosis and inflammatory diseases. Although butyrate absorption into circulation is typically minimal, its broader health implications are substantial, especially regarding obesity and type 2 diabetes through its influence on metabolic regulation and inflammation. Furthermore, this narrative review thoroughly examines butyrate's growing recognition as a modulator of neurological health via its interaction with the gut-brain axis. Additionally, butyrate's neuroprotective effects are mediated through activation of specific G-protein-coupled receptors, such as FFAR3 and GPR109a, and inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDACs). Research indicates that butyrate can alleviate neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, autism spectrum disorder, and Huntington's disease, by reducing neuroinflammation, enhancing neurotransmitter modulation, and improving histone acetylation. This focus will help unlock its full therapeutic potential for metabolic and neurological health, rather than exclusively on its well-known benefits for gut health, as these are often interconnected.
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/nu17081305
dc.identifier.issn2072-6643
dc.identifier.issue8
dc.identifier.pmid40284169
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105003701170
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.3390/nu17081305
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12428/30031
dc.identifier.volume17
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001474443500001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ1
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMed
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherMDPI
dc.relation.ispartofNutrients
dc.relation.publicationcategoryDiğer
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.snmzKA_WOS_20250529
dc.subjectbutyrate
dc.subjecthistone deacetylase inhibitor
dc.subjectneurological protector
dc.subjectobesity
dc.subjectshort-chain fatty acids
dc.subjecttype 2 diabetes
dc.titleBeyond the Gut: Unveiling Butyrate's Global Health Impact Through Gut Health and Dysbiosis-Related Conditions: A Narrative Review
dc.typeReview

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