Moleküler Biyoloji ve Genetik Bölümü Koleksiyonu

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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12428/3550

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THE OVARY STRUCTURE OF PARAMACROBIOTUS GADABOUTI (TARDIGRADA: EUTARDIGRADA)
(Polska Akad Nauk, Polish Acad Sciences, Pas Branch Cracow, 2024) Wieczorkiewicz, Filip; Arslan, Alper; Özer, Akın; Siwek, Daria; Poprawa, Izabela
[No abstract available]
A COMPARATIVE STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF EGGS IN THREE SPECIES OF THE GENUS PARAMACROBIOTUS (TARDIGRADA: EUTARDIGRADA)
(Polska Akad Nauk, Polish Acad Sciences, Pas Branch Cracow, 2024) Miernik, Aleksandra; Wieczorkiewicz, Filip; Özer, Akın; Arslan, Alper; Poprawa, Izabela
[No abstract available]
The Effects of Curcuminoids Supplementation on Serum Adipokines: An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses of Randomized Controlled Trials
(Wiley, 2025) Bahrami, Leila Sadat; Rahnama, Iman; Chambari, Mahla; Norouzy, Abdolreza; Karav, Sercan; Arabi, Seyyed Mostafa; Sahebkar, Amirhossein
This umbrella review of randomized clinical trials aims to provide a unique and detailed understanding of curcumin's effects on adipokines, adding a novel perspective to the existing body of research. We carried out a thorough search of international databases up to April 2024, including MEDLINE, SciVerse Scopus, and Clarivate Analytics Web of Science. A random-effects model was utilized to evaluate the impact of curcuminoid on adipokines. The umbrella review incorporated meta-analyses that examined the effects of curcuminoid supplementation on adipokines, presenting associated effect sizes (ES) and confidence intervals (CI). We applied the GRADE and AMSTAR (A Tool for Assessing the Risk of Bias in Systematic Reviews system) to assess the certainty of the evidence and the quality of the systematic reviews. Our analysis of one meta-analysis, including 14 RCTs plus 1 RCT not included in meta-analyses, revealed significant and impactful findings. We found a substantial increase in serum adiponectin levels with curcuminoid supplementation, indicating a positive effect (SMD: 0.9; 95% CI, 0.4 to 1.3, p < 0.001; I-2 = 92.2%). However, we did not observe a significant impact on serum leptin. The GRADE assessment supports the effect of curcuminoids on adiponectin with moderate evidence, while the impact on leptin was supported by low evidence. Curcuminoid supplementation significantly increases serum adiponectin levels with moderate-quality evidence and has no significant impact on serum leptin. This provides evidence as to the safety and effectiveness of curcuminoids in enhancing adiponectin without adverse effects, reassuring the audience about their potential in adipokine research.
Neuroanatomical Correlates of Memory Strategies in Rats
(Wiley, 2025) Balcı, Aysu; Cankurtaran, Buse Pınar; Akyel, Aybüke; Arıkan, Kutluk Bilge; Ünal, Bengi; Ünal, Çağrı Temuçin
Navigation incorporates a continuum of strategies, where the allocentric strategy relies on relationships between environmental landmarks resulting in a cognitive map, and the egocentric strategy revolves around the body position and stimulus response chains with the body as a reference. Although multiple brain regions contribute to navigation, the hippocampus dominates allocentric navigation, whereas the striatum is key for egocentric navigation. Neuromodulators, such as dopamine and acetylcholine, regulate both the hippocampus and striatum to influence behavior, yet their influence on navigational strategy has not been determined. Interindividual differences in strategy preference are known to exist. Building on these pre-existing interindividual differences, this study explored the neuroanatomical underpinnings on navigational strategy variations in rats through a dual-solution T-maze and immunocytochemistry. Surprisingly, interindividual variations eluded explanation through the density of cholinergic neurons supplying acetylcholine to the hippocampus and striatum. Similarly, the soma morphologies of these neurons exhibited no discernible differences. Dopaminergic cell densities in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), projecting to the hippocampus, and substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), projecting to the striatum, failed to account for individual variations as well. Nevertheless, allocentric rats displayed higher VTA/SNpc dopamine neuron fusiformity indexes, potentially contributing to computational distinctions underlying interindividual variations in navigation strategies. This study delves into potential explanations and charts promising avenues for future research. A graphical abstract summarizing the main findings of this study is provided.
A Model System for Understanding Host-Pathogen Relationships Through In Vitro Host Mimicry
(Springer, 2025) Fidanoğlu, Baran Taylan; Keresteci, Nadir; Özkılınç, Hilal
In vitro host mimicry provides a method to study host-pathogen interactions without constraints of time, space, or host presence. Monilinia fructicola and M. laxa, pathogens causing brown rot disease, have a narrow host range including some pome and stone fruits. Building on previous in vitro mimicry of the peach host and M. fructicola, this paper confirms that various hosts of both fungal species can be mimicked in vitro, offering insights into host preferences. This study developed mimic media for peach, plum, cherry, and apple hosts, evaluating pathogen preferences based on mycelial growth and the expression levels of two effector genes: cutinase 1 (CUT1) and polygalacturonase 1 (PG1). Isolates with different virulence levels were used to assess aggressiveness effects. Effector genes were significantly expressed in host-mimicking media compared to standard potato dextrose agar. Moreover, host preference with the virulence level. The high-virulent M. fructicola isolates favored peach-based medium, while low-virulent isolates preferred plum-based medium. All M. laxa isolates showed the highest growth on peach-based media and the slowest on cherry-based media. This study showed Monilinia host-pathogen relationships in vitro, and the research approach can be used as a model for necrotrophic fungal pathosystems.
A novel approach to glioblastoma multiforme treatment using modulation of key pathways by naturally occurring small molecules
(Springer Basel Ag, 2025) Afshari, Amir R.; Sanati, Mehdi; Aminyavari, Samaneh; Keshavarzi, Zakieh; Ahmadi, Seyed Sajad; Oroojalian, Fatemeh; Karav, Sercan
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the fatal primary brain malignancy in adults, represents significant health challenges, and its eradication has been the ultimate goal of numerous medical investigations. GBM therapy encompasses various interventions, e.g., chemotherapy by synthetic cytotoxic agents like temozolomide (TMZ), radiotherapy, and, more recently, immunotherapy. A notable focus has been on incorporating naturally occurring substances in treating malignancies. Polyphenols and terpenoids, widely present in fruits and vegetables, constitute primary categories of agents employed for this purpose. They pose direct and indirect impacts on tumor growth and chemoresistance, mainly through impacting the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, crucial in cellular processes, metabolism, and programmed death. This paper thoroughly discusses the biologic effects and practical application of polyphenols and terpenoids on GBM through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling in vitro and in vivo.
Regulatory effects of resveratrol on nitric oxide signaling in cardiovascular diseases
(Springer Heidelberg, 2025) Abolfazli, Sajad; Karav, Sercan; Johnston, Thomas P.; Sahebkar, Amirhossein
Cardiovascular illnesses are multifactorial disorders and represent the primary reasons for death worldwide, according to the World Health Organization. As a signaling molecule, nitric oxide (NO) is extremely permeable across cellular membranes owing to its unique molecular features, like its small molecular size, lipophilicity, and free radical properties. Some of the biological effects of NO are vasodilation, inhibition in the growth of vascular smooth muscle cells, and functional regulation of cardiac cells. Several therapeutic approaches have been tested to increase the production of NO or some downstream NO signaling pathways. The health benefits of red wine are typically attributed to the polyphenolic phytoalexin, resveratrol (3,5,4 '-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene), which is found in several plant species. Resveratrol has beneficial cardiovascular properties, some of which are mediated through endothelial nitric oxide synthase production (eNOS). Resveratrol promotes NO generation from eNOS through various methods, including upregulation of eNOS expression, activation in the enzymatic activity of eNOS, and reversal of eNOS uncoupling. Additionally, by reducing of oxidative stress, resveratrol inhibits the formation of superoxide and inactivation NO, increasing NO bioavailability. This review discusses the scientific literature on resveratrol's beneficial impact on NO signaling and how this effect improves the function of vascular endothelium.
Predictive performance of noninvasive factors for liver fibrosis in severe obesity: a screening based on machine learning models
(Springer Int Publ Ag, 2025) Jamialahmadi, Tannaz; Looha, Mehdi Azizmohammad; Jangjoo, Sara; Emami, Nima; Abdalla, Mohammed Altigani; Ganjali, Mohammadreza; Salehabadi, Sepideh; Karav, Sercan
ObjectivesLiver fibrosis resulting from nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and metabolic disorders is highly prevalent in patients with severe obesity and poses a significant health challenge. However, there is a lack of data on the effectiveness of noninvasive factors in predicting liver fibrosis. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the relationship between these factors and liver fibrosis through a machine learning approach.MethodsThis study involved 512 patients who underwent bariatric surgery at an outpatient clinic in Mashhad, Iran, between December 2015 and September 2021. Patients were divided into fibrosis and non-fibrosis groups and demographic, clinical, and laboratory variables were applied to develop four machine learning models: Naive Bayes (NB), logistic regression (LR), Neural Network (NN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM),ResultsAmong the 28 variables considered, six variables including (fasting blood sugar (FBS), skeletal muscle mass (SMM), hemoglobin, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) and triglycerides) showed high area under the curve (AUC) values for the diagnosis of liver fibrosis using 2D shear wave elastography (SWE) with LR (0.73, 95% CI: 0.65, 0.81) and SVM (0.72, 59% CI: 0.64, 0.80) models. Furthermore, the highest sensitivities were reported with SVM (0.83, 95% CI: 0.72, 0.91) and NB (0.66, 95% CI: 0.53, 0.77) models, respectively.ConclusionThe predictive performance of six noninvasive factors of liver fibrosis was significantly superior to other factors, showing high application and accuracy in the diagnosis and prognosis of liver fibrosis.
Optimizations related to the use of Lactobacillus helveticus, Kluyveromyces marxianus in monoculture, and co-culture for production of Spirulina-based fermented products
(Elsevier, 2025) Öztürk, Naciye; Yay, Cansu; Çınar, Zeynep Özlem; Atalay, Hazal Nazlıcan; Güneser, Onur; İşleten Hoşoğlu, Müge; Boyuneğmez Tümer, Tuğba
Present study was carried out to optimize certain fermentation parameters when L. helveticus B-4526 and K. marxianus Y-329 were used in monoculture and co-culture in a medium supplemented with dried Spirulina platensis biomass (Spirulina medium). Maximum cell number increase for L. helveticus, K. marxianus in Spirulina medium was calculated as 2.40 and 3.80 log CFU mL-1, respectively. It was observed that proteins were rapidly hydrolyzed by L. helveticus. Consequently, the concentrations of some specific amino acids changed according to product type. The fermented Spirulina (FS) by K. marxianus resulted in higher trimethyl pyrazine content (2636.66 mu g kg- 1) than its unFS counterpart (2088.08 mu g kg- 1). All FS products resulted in increased inhibitory activity on acetylcholinesterase enzyme. FS product by co-culture of both organisms demonstrated a distinct suppressive effect on LPS-induced inflammatory NO secretion in RAW264.7 macrophage cell line. Besides, FS products did not show cytotoxicity in endothelial and macrophage cell lines, therefore presenting more biocompatible nature as compared to their unFS counterparts.
Decoy oligodeoxynucleotides targeting STATs in non-cancer gene therapy
(Elsevier, 2025) Mahjoubin-Tehran, Maryam; Rezaei, Samaneh; Kesharwani, Prashant; Karav, Sercan; Sahebkar, Amirhossein
The Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) protein family is crucial for organizing the epigenetic configuration of immune cells and controlling various fundamental cell physiological functions including apoptosis, development, inflammation, immunological responses, and cell proliferation and differentiation. The human genome has seven known STAT genes, named 1, 2, 3, 4, 5a, 5b, and 6. Aberrant activation of STAT signaling pathways is associated with many human disorders, particularly cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), making these proteins promising therapeutic targets. Improved understanding of altered and pathological gene expression and its role in the pathophysiology of various hereditary and acquired disorders has enabled the development of novel treatment approaches based on gene expression modulation. One such promising development is the oligodeoxynucleotide decoy method, which may allow researchers to specifically influence gene activation or repression. Various oligodeoxynucleotide decoys target STATs and affect the expression of its downstream genes. We summarized cell culture and preclinical research, which evaluated the effects of oligodeoxynucleotide decoys target STATs in different types of non-cancer illnesses.
Resistance evolution and local adaptation of Venturia inaequalis to old and new generation SDHI fungicides
(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2025) Özkılınç, Hilal; Fidanoğlu, Baran Taylan; Öncel, Sibel; Kurtuluş, Ezgi; Kadıoğlu, İrem Ece
The use of succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicides is widespread in controlling apple scab disease caused by Venturia inaequalis. However, resistance in populations develops and new SDHIs are generated commercially, thus evaluating this arms-race in local populations is important for appropriate disease management. In this study, in vitro mycelial growth effects of five commercial fungicides, including old and new generation SDHIs on a large V. inaequalis population in T & uuml;rkiye were investigated. Overall, the entire population was resistant to Boscalid (Cantus (R)), and the most effective fungicides tested were Isopyrazam (REFLECT (R)) and Pydiflumetofen (Candidate fungicide, Miravis (R)). Although the results show the effectiveness of new generation SDHIs, remarkable differences in pathogen resistance responses were detected at local level. There were also differences in colony growth rates among isolates, but this was not associated with fungicide response traits. Furthermore, the intraspecies genetic diversities obtained from the sequence data of the four selected gene regions were depicted with the Neigbour_Joining (NJ) trees. There appeared to be no relationship between NJbased branching and fungicide response phenotypes. As a result of mating type determinationof the isolates with newly designed primers, 1:1 ratio indicated possible recombination in almost all local groups, with one exception. Additionally, detection of both mating type genes in some isolates was an interesting finding about the reproductive structure of the pathogen. This study, which is the first comprehensive study of V. inaequalis in T & uuml;rkiye, presents new findings about the pathogen from different perspectives.
Nano-phytoconstituents: Recent advances, regulatory insights, challenges, and future horizons
(Elsevier, 2025) Beygi, Mohammad; Oroojalian, Fatemeh; Karav, Sercan; Kesharwani, Prashant; Sahebkar, Amirhossein
Phytoconstituents possess therapeutic potency in human diseases, including antioxidant, antitumor, antiinflammatory, and anti-microbial impacts, as well as cardioprotective and neuroprotective capabilities. Nonetheless, they suffer from shortcomings like low solubility and bioavailability, fast degradation upon administration, and elevated doses required to exert therapeutic effects, culminating in potential adverse effects. As a solution to these, nanoscale drug delivery systems (DDSs) such as polymeric nanoparticles (NPs), lipid-based NPs, protein-based NPs, etc. are currently devised to realize intended goals in herbal medicine, which critically are sustained release and targeted delivery of phytomedicines to affected sites. Current DDSs are formulated to encapsulate diverse phytochemicals, including curcumin, berberine, resveratrol, quercetin, baicalin, and rosmarinic acid. The ultimate nanoassembly affords superior properties such as protracted circulation time, sustained release, site-specific delivery, synergistic effects (with antitumor agents), and measurable diseasealleviating effects. This article covers recent progress in nanophytomedicines and explores how DDSs can enrich the therapeutic properties of these phytochemicals. Further, the present article covers the regulatory aspects and ethical issues to be reflected when devising such DDSs, as well as the current standing of nanophytoconstituents in clinical trials.
Soil-driven terroir: Impacts on Vitis vinifera L. 'Karasakiz' wine quality and phenolic composition
(Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, 2025) Çelebi Uzkuç, Nesrin Merve; Uzkuç, Hasan; Kavdır, Yasemin; Hamzaoğlu, Fatmagül; Kırca Toklucu, Ayşegül
'Karasakiz' (Vitis vinifera L.), is a local red grape variety native to Çanakkale, a province of Türkiye. This work aimed to characterize the phenolic profile of Karasakiz red wines and mainly investigate the effects of soil characteristics on the phenolic composition, antioxidant capacity, and color properties of the red wines produced. The study was conducted on three vineyards located in three different regions of Çanakkale, each with distinct chemical properties and textural characteristics, over two consecutive vintages (2019 and 2020). The phenolic profiles and color properties of red wines varied depending on the year and region, and were strongly influenced by soil texture. A strong correlation (r = 0.897 and P < 0.0001) was found between the percentage of sand in the soil and the total monomeric anthocyanin content of the wines. Total monomeric anthocyanin contents of Karasakiz wines ranged from 15.76 mg/L to 68.87 mg/L, while total phenolics ranged from 1238 mg/L to 1950 mg/L, with variations observed depending on the region and year. Additionally, a high positive correlation was observed between potassium concentration and the concentrations of ferulic acid and catechin in the wines. This study reveals the characteristic properties and phenolic composition of Karasakiz wines from different sub-regions, highlighting significant correlations in terms of the soil-wine relationship.
Curcumin-based nanofibers: A promising approach for cancer therapy
(Elsevier Gmbh, 2025) Rahiman, Niloufar; Kesharwani, Prashant; Karav, Sercan; Sahebkar, Amirhossein
Nanofibers are among the promising platforms for efficient delivery of drugs (both hydrophilic and hydrophobic) through harnessing polymers with different natures as their base. Hydrophobic low-solubility agents such as curcumin could be incorporated in various types of electrospun nanofibers for different aims in drug delivery, such as enhancing its solubility, making this agent sustained release with improved pharmacological efficacy. Through using this nanoplatform, curcumin may become more bioavailable and more efficcious in the field of cancer therapy as well as tissue engineering and wound healing for local delivery of this anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent. In this review, the characteristics of curcumin-loaded nanofibers, their targeting potential or stimuli-responsiveness accompanied with therapeutic anti-cancerous applications of them (mostly in local application) are securitized. These nanofibers follow the aim of enhancing curcumin's therapeutic effectiveness and release profile. We laso elaborate on the mechanisms of action through which curcumin exerts its effect on various cancerous cells after its incorporation in various types of nanofibers which have been prepared by exploiting different polymers.
Unraveling the role of Globularia species in modern medicine based on evidence from photochemistry, traditional uses and biological activities
(Elsevier Gmbh, 2025) El-Seedi, Hesham R.; Sabry, Aya; Abolibda, Tariq Z.; Guo, Zhiming; Nahar, Lütfun; Sarker, Satyajit D.; Saeed, Aamer; Karav, Sercan
Background: Species of the genus Globularia exist in the Mediterranean region spreading upon Macaronesia, northern Europe, and north-eastern Africa. They have valuable biological activities and remarkable phytochemical contents explaining their traditional uses. Purpose: This study reviews phytochemical, pharmacological progress, clinical trials, and molecular mechanisms of action of Globularia extracts and isolated compounds. Study design: In this review the systematic approach is used in summarizing and documenting the information related to Globularia extracts with a special focus on the bioactive component that have numerous biological activities and modes of action. Methods: The relevant information related to the genus Globularia was collected from different databases (SciFinder, Elsevier, PubMed, and Google Scholar) as well as the clinical trials website (https://clinicaltrials.gov/). Results: The genus Globularia consists of 22 species that are used in traditional medicine as laxative, cholagogue, stomachic, purgative, sudorific, antihypertensive, hypoglycemic, carminative, diuretic, and tonic agents. The extracts of these species have biological potentials, for instance, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-coagulant, anti-diabetes, anti-bacterial, anti-tuberculosis, enzyme inhibitors, wound healing, toxicological, and neuroprotective activity. Among the valuable bioactive phytochemicals are iridoid glycosides, phenylethanoids, and flavonoid glycosides. Conclusion: Despite the efforts made in Globularia isolation there is a lack of knowledge of the biological role of the isolated compounds. Also, the traditional uses of Globularia species are not well-explored and the mechanisms of actions are not investigated thus opening new doors for future efforts in this line.
Discovering the dynamics of peach fruit mycobiome throughout fruit development season by high-throughput sequencing
(Nature Portfolio, 2025) Öncel, Sibel; Özkılınç, Hilal
The mycobiome is comprised of a rich array of fungal species that compete for resources, and species diversity and prevalence exhibit a dynamic structure under the influence of many factors. While the host fruit develops, the prevalence and the arrangement of fungal species in this mycobiome also change, forming a dynamic microenvironment. In this study, fungal diversity on peach fruit surfaces at different developmental stages have been determined to better understand the changes in fungal diversity and disease occurrence by using metabarcoding of the full ITS region and processing the obtained high-throughput sequencing data with various bioinformatic analyses. It has been found that fungal diversity in early developmental stages is higher, and the diversity declines as the fruit matures, likely due to more prevalent fungal species establishing themselves on the surface as the fruit develops. Additionally, this research reveals that the prevalence of pathogens does not necessarily mean that disease will develop, as pathogenic species were found to be at higher prevalence percentages when compared to non-pathogenic species in healthy fruit samples. This study also identified the Monilinia polystroma species at a molecular level for the first time in T & uuml;rkiye; however, no symptomatic signals were recorded on the host. The study provides valuable data for mycobiome studies, while also highlighting its importance in optimizing sustainable disease management strategies.
The long-term and post-prandial effects of berry consumption on endothelial dysfunction in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2025) Talebi, Shokoofeh; Shirani, Mahsa; Shokri-Mashhadi, Nafiseh; Sadeghi, Omid; Karav, Sercan; Bagherniya, Mohammad; Sahebkar, Amirhossein
This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the long-term and post-prandial effects of berry consumption on endothelial dysfunction (ED) in adults. To identify relevant randomised controlled trials (RCTs), a systematic search was run and studies that examined the effects of berries consumption on ED markers were included. A total of 45 RCTs were included, focusing on markers such as flow-mediated dilation (FMD), pulse wave velocity (PWV), augmentation index (AIx), reactive hyperaemia index (RHI) and total peripheral resistance (TPR). The meta-analysis revealed that long-term berry consumption significantly increased FMD and decreased PWV. However, no significant effects were found for AIx, RHI or TPR. In post-prandial studies, berry consumption also improved FMD, but had no significant impact on PWV, AIx or RHI. Overall, berries were found to benefit endothelial function, particularly in improving FMD, though the effects on other cardiovascular markers were less consistent. Factors like trial design and berry type influenced outcomes.
Advances in Apolipoprotein-A4 Biosensing Assays for Depression Diagnosis
(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2025) Bahaabadi, Zahra Jamalizadeh; Karav, Sercan; Sahebkar, Amirhossein
Apolipoprotein-A4 (Apo-A4) is a plasma protein that plays a role in various physiological and behavioral-emotional reactions when faced with stress. Studies have shown a close relationship between Apo-A4 and the onset of depression and its symptoms. However, there is currently no reliable laboratory approach to confirm the diagnosis of depression. Therefore, the development of a precise and effective technique to assess Apo-A4 might help in the early detection and screening of depression and other related psychiatric diseases, as well as in tracking and managing the course of treatment. As technology advances, biosensors have become quick, accurate, and sensitive tools for personal care and illness diagnosis. Biosensors for measuring and detecting Apo-A4 levels have recently been designed. These studies emphasized the development of accurate and sensitive diagnostic and measurement techniques. This review attempts to give a general overview of the role of Apo-A4 in depression and introduce established biosensors for its detection and measurement.
Enhancing nutritional health and patient satisfaction five years after metabolic bariatric surgery with targeted supplementation
(Bmc, 2025) Gorini, Stefania; Camajani, Elisabetta; Franchi, Arianna; Cava, Edda; Gentileschi, Paolo; Bellia, Alfonso; Karav, Sercan
Background This study analyzes the long-term outcomes of metabolic bariatric surgery (MBS), focusing on weight loss, nutritional deficiencies, and patient satisfaction. We evaluate different surgical techniques to identify their impact on these outcomes. Methods A five-year retrospective analysis was conducted on 249 patients who underwent MBS at a specialized center. Baseline characteristics included an average age of 38.5 years, weight of 118.5 kg, and BMI of 43.2 kg/m(2). Weight loss outcomes were assessed using mean excess weight loss (%EWL) at 60 months. Surgical techniques included laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG), one anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB), and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). Nutritional deficiencies and patient-reported quality of life were also evaluated. Results The mean %EWL at 60 months was 92.1% +/- 25.8% (p = 0.013). While LSG and OAGB showed similar weight loss patterns, RYGB resulted in further weight reduction from the third year onwards. Patients revised from LSG to RYGB had significantly greater weight loss (102.1%) compared to those revised to mini-gastric bypass (MGB) (84.6%, p < 0.05). Nutritional deficiencies were prevalent, with 41.2% of revised LSG patients experiencing iron deficiency and 14.3% developing new vitamin D deficiencies (p < 0.05). Most patients (85%) reported improvements in quality of life, and 85% expressed a willingness to undergo surgery again (p = 0.0028). Conclusions MBS resulted in substantial and sustained weight loss, particularly in RYGB patients. Surgical revisions, especially from LSG to RYGB, were associated with greater weight loss but also increased nutritional risks. Persistent iron and vitamin D deficiencies highlight the necessity of individualized supplementation and long-term monitoring. Type-targeted supplementation represents an innovative approach to optimizing long-term nutritional support in bariatric patients. Future studies with larger cohorts and validated tools are needed to confirm these findings and strengthen clinical guidelines.
Exploring the diverse biological significance and roles of fucosylated oligosaccharides
(Frontiers Media Sa, 2024) Pekdemir, Burcu; Karav, Sercan
Long since, carbohydrates were thought to be used just as an energy source and structural material. However, in recent years, with the emergence of the field of glycobiology and advances in glycomics, much has been learned about the biological role of oligosaccharides, a carbohydrate polymer containing a small number of monosaccharides, in cell-cell interaction, signal transduction, immune response, pathogen adhesion processes, early embryogenesis, and apoptosis. The function of oligosaccharides in these processes is diversified by fucosylation, also known as modification of oligosaccharides. Fucosylation has allowed the identification of more than 100 different oligosaccharide structures that provide functional diversity. ABO blood group and Lewis antigens are among the best known fucosyl-linked oligosaccharides. In addition, the antigens in the ABO system are composed of various sugar molecules, including fucosylated oligosaccharides, and Lewis antigens are structurally similar to ABO antigens but differ in the linkage of sugars. Variation in blood group antigen expression affects the host's susceptibility to many infections. However, altered expression of ABO and Lewis antigens is related with prognosis in carcinoma types. In addition, many pathogens recognize and bind to human tissues using a protein receptor with high affinity for the fucose molecule in glycoconjugates, such as lectin. Fucosylated oligosaccharides also play vital roles during fertilization and early embryogenesis. Learning and memory-related processes such as neurite growth, neurite migration, and synapse formation seen during the development of the brain, which is among the first organs to develop in embryogenesis, are regulated by fucosylated oligosaccharides. In conclusion, this review mentions the vital roles of fucosylated oligosaccharides in biology, drawing attention to their importance in the development of chemical tools to be used in function analysis and the investigation of various therapeutic targets.

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