Toxicity Evaluation of Sulfobetainized Branched Polyethyleneimine via Antibacterial and Biocompatibility Assays

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dc.authoridŞahiner, Mehtap / 0000-0001-8666-7954
dc.authoridŞahiner, Nurettin / 0000-0003-0120-530X
dc.authoridSağbaş Suner, Selin / 0000-0002-3524-0675
dc.contributor.authorŞahiner, Mehtap
dc.contributor.authorSağbaş Suner, Selin
dc.contributor.authorDemirci, Şahin
dc.contributor.authorAyyala, Ramesh S.
dc.contributor.authorŞahiner, Nurettin
dc.date.accessioned2025-05-29T02:57:21Z
dc.date.available2025-05-29T02:57:21Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.departmentÇanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi
dc.descriptionThis article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
dc.description.abstractBranched polyethyleneimine (PEI), possessing different types of amines-e.g., primary, secondary, and tertiary-in the polymer chains are well known for their antibacterial properties and DNA condensing ability, affording substantial advantages in many biomedical uses, including gene therapy. However, because of PEI's toxicity, depending on the molecular weight, its widespread biomedical use is hindered. Therefore, in this study, PEIs with different molecular weights-i.e., 600, 1200, and 1800 g/mol-were modified with 1,3-propane sultone, undergoing a sulfobetainization reaction in a single step to attain a zwitterionic structure: sulfobetainized PEI (b-PEI). The sulfobetainization reaction was carried out twice to increase the zwitterionic repeating unit on PEI chains. The increasing number of SO3- groups on the PEI chains was confirmed by the increased peak intensities around 1160 and 1035 cm-1 on the FT-IR spectrum, which are assigned to symmetric and asymmetric S=O peaks. The elemental analysis results for first- and second- betainization PEIs, abbreviated as b1-PEI and b2-PEI, respectively, were revealedthe increased wt% of S confirming the successful multiple-sulfobetainization of the PEI chains. Thermal stability analyses of PEIs and their corresponding multiple-sulfobetainized forms showed that multiple-sulfobetainization reactions increased the thermal stability of bare PEI chains. PEIs with lower molecular weights exhibited more antimicrobial properties. As PEI is sulfobetainated, its antimicrobial properties can be further adjusted via sulfobetainization (once or twice), or by adjusting the corresponding solution pH, or by protonating them with different acids with different counter anions. The cell toxicity of PEI on L929 fibroblast cells was slightly increased by increasing the molecular weight of the PEI, but all forms of sulfobetainized PEIs were found to be safe (no toxicity), even at 1000 mu g/mL concentrations.
dc.description.sponsorshipMorsani College of Medicine; Morsani College of Medicine, Dpt Ophthalmology
dc.description.sponsorshipThe startup fund by Morsani College of Medicine, Dpt Ophthalmology, is greatly appreciated.
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/toxics13020136
dc.identifier.issn2305-6304
dc.identifier.issue2
dc.identifier.pmid39997951
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85219183228
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ2
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13020136
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12428/30026
dc.identifier.volume13
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001429517700001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ1
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMed
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherMDPI
dc.relation.ispartofToxics
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.snmzKA_WOS_20250529
dc.subjectbiocompatible polyethyleneimine
dc.subjectbetainized PEI
dc.subjectzwitter ionic PEI
dc.subjectsulfobetainization
dc.subjectmultiple betainization
dc.titleToxicity Evaluation of Sulfobetainized Branched Polyethyleneimine via Antibacterial and Biocompatibility Assays
dc.typeArticle

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