Impacts of crowding stress on aquatic animals and its mitigation through feed additives supplementation - a review

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dc.authoridAcar, Ümit / 0000-0003-2515-5490
dc.contributor.authorWei, Lee Seong
dc.contributor.authorKhoo, Martina Irwan
dc.contributor.authorHarikrishnan, Ramasamy
dc.contributor.authorAcar, Ümit
dc.contributor.authorHosain, Md Eilious
dc.contributor.authorAzra, Mohamad Nor
dc.contributor.authorKamarudin, Ahmad Syazni
dc.date.accessioned2025-05-29T02:57:27Z
dc.date.available2025-05-29T02:57:27Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.departmentÇanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi
dc.descriptionThis work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.
dc.description.abstractContinuous and sustainable aquaculture development is essential to provide affordable protein sources for the global population. Nevertheless, the intensification of fish farming at high stocking density led to chronic crowding stress that could impair the growth performance, immune system, and antioxidant capacity of an aquaculture species. Consequently, the prevalence of disease outbreaks increases, resulting in low aquaculture production. Various countries remain highly dependent on antibiotics and chemotherapies to overcome this problem. Recently, researchers have proposed and developed alternative solutions using environmentally-friendly feed additives, such as probiotics, phytobiotics, and synthetic immune stimulants, to mitigate crowding stress. The feed additives reportedly alleviate crowding stress, promote growth performance, enhance gut microbiota, immune system, and antioxidant capacity, and stimulate disease resistance, contributing to the overall improvement of the health status of aquaculture species and boosting aquaculture production. The application of feed additives in aquafeed has been investigated in various aquaculture species to explore their beneficial effects at optimum doses. The study outcomes illustrated that feed additives in aquafeed are promising in mitigating crowding stress among aquaculture species. Herein, this review paper discussed and summarised the impacts of crowding stress on the growth, immune system, and antioxidant capacity of aquatic animals. In addition, this review highlighted the potential of feed additives such as probiotics, phytobiotics, and synthetic immune stimulants in mitigating crowding stress in aquatic animals was highlighted in this review.
dc.description.sponsorshipMatching Grant Universiti Malaysia Kelantan [R/MTCH/A0700/00387A/009/2023/01161]; Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia under the Niche Research Grant Scheme (NRGS) [R/NRGS/A0.700/00387A/006/2014/00152]
dc.description.sponsorshipThis research was funded by the Matching Grant Universiti Malaysia Kelantan(R/MTCH/A0700/00387A/009/2023/01161) and the Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia, under the Niche Research Grant Scheme (NRGS) (R/NRGS/A0.700/00387A/006/2014/00152).
dc.identifier.doi10.2478/aoas-2025-0038
dc.identifier.issn1642-3402
dc.identifier.issn2300-8733
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105002426717
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.2478/aoas-2025-0038
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12428/30072
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001461714200001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ2
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherWalter De Gruyter Gmbh
dc.relation.ispartofAnnals of Animal Science
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.snmzKA_WOS_20250529
dc.subjectcrowding stress
dc.subjectprobiotic
dc.subjectphytobiotic
dc.subjectsynthetic immune stimulant
dc.subjectgrowth performance
dc.subjectimmune system
dc.subjectantioxidant
dc.titleImpacts of crowding stress on aquatic animals and its mitigation through feed additives supplementation - a review
dc.typeArticle

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