Influence of tulsi Ocimum sanctum extract on fish health: Growth, hematology, serum immune parameters, and antioxidant status in Common Carp

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dc.contributor.authorHabib, Syed Sikandar
dc.contributor.authorMajeed, Saima
dc.contributor.authorRind, Khalid Hussain
dc.contributor.authorNaz, Saira
dc.contributor.authorAcar, Umit
dc.contributor.authorCravana, Cristina
dc.contributor.authorUllah, Mujeeb
dc.date.accessioned2025-05-29T02:57:42Z
dc.date.available2025-05-29T02:57:42Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.departmentÇanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractObjective In aquaculture, the trend is shifting towards using plant-derived alternatives that are abundant in phytochemicals as effective replacements for traditional antibiotics and synthetic feed additives. In the present study, the effects of tulsi Ocimum sanctum extract on growth performance, hemato-biochemical indices, serum immune parameters, and antioxidant parameters in Common Carp Cyprinus carpio were investigated.Methods Common Carp (mean body weight +/- SD = 10.6 +/- 0.13 g) were fed experimental diets that contained tulsi leaf extract at 0.0 (control), 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5% for 60 d (25 fish/treatment).Results The findings revealed a considerable enhancement in growth performance and a decreased feed conversion ratio, especially for the 1.0% tulsi-based diet. Additionally, weight gain and feed conversion ratio exhibited significance at both the linear and quadratic levels, as indicated by polynomial contrasts. The hematological and biochemical profiles exhibited improvements in groups receiving tulsi-enriched diets. The antioxidant status of fish serum exhibited a notable increase, as evidenced by elevated activities of total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, and catalase in fish that received the 1.0% and 1.5% tulsi-based diets. Tulsi-supplemented diets led to remarkable enhancements in serum lysozyme activity, alternative complement activity, and total immunoglobulin content. Moreover, tulsi supplementation at 1.0% and 1.5% showcased a significant reduction in serum glucose and cortisol levels compared to the other groups.Conclusions In conclusion, tulsi extract emerged as a valuable asset, positively influencing growth, blood parameters, antioxidant balance, and serum immune response in Common Carp, particularly at supplementation levels ranging from 1.0% to 1.5% in the diet. This research provides compelling evidence of the remarkable benefits of tulsi extract in Common Carp aquaculture. By enhancing growth performance, feed conversion efficiency, and key hematological and biochemical parameters, tulsi emerges as a powerful natural supplement. Additionally, its significant role in boosting antioxidant status and immune responses further underscores its potential in promoting overall fish health. These findings open new avenues for sustainable and natural approaches in aquaculture, reinforcing the value of tulsi as a functional feed additive.
dc.description.sponsorshipKing Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia [RSPD2025R758]
dc.description.sponsorshipWe extend our appreciation to the Researchers Supporting Project (RSPD2025R758), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Author contributions are as follows: S. S. Habib, S. Naz, and M. Zahid conceptualized and designed the study; S. S. Habib, M. Ullah, and S. Naz contributed writing and preparation of the original draft; S. Naz and K. Khan performed the sampling; S. Majeed and UE. Acar analyzed the data; and K. H. Rind, M. Mohany, F. Fazio, UE. Acar, and C. Cravana reviewed and edited the manuscript. All authors read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
dc.identifier.doi10.1093/jahafs/vsaf006
dc.identifier.issn0899-7659
dc.identifier.issn1548-8667
dc.identifier.pmid40366353
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ3
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1093/jahafs/vsaf006
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12428/30149
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001487451400001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ2
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMed
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherOxford Univ Press
dc.relation.ispartofJournal of Aquatic Animal Health
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.snmzKA_WOS_20250529
dc.subjectaquaculture
dc.subjectCommon Carp
dc.subjectimmunostimulant
dc.subjectphytotherapy
dc.subjecttulsi
dc.titleInfluence of tulsi Ocimum sanctum extract on fish health: Growth, hematology, serum immune parameters, and antioxidant status in Common Carp
dc.typeArticle

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