Su Ürünleri Endüstrisi Mühendisliği Bölümü Koleksiyonu

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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12428/5722

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Influence of tulsi Ocimum sanctum extract on fish health: Growth, hematology, serum immune parameters, and antioxidant status in Common Carp
(Oxford Univ Press, 2025) Habib, Syed Sikandar; Majeed, Saima; Rind, Khalid Hussain; Naz, Saira; Acar, Ümit; Cravana, Cristina; Ullah, Mujeeb
Objective In aquaculture, the trend is shifting towards using plant-derived alternatives that are abundant in phytochemicals as effective replacements for traditional antibiotics and synthetic feed additives. In the present study, the effects of tulsi Ocimum sanctum extract on growth performance, hemato-biochemical indices, serum immune parameters, and antioxidant parameters in Common Carp Cyprinus carpio were investigated. Methods Common Carp (mean body weight ± SD = 10.6 ± 0.13 g) were fed experimental diets that contained tulsi leaf extract at 0.0 (control), 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5% for 60 d (25 fish/treatment). Results The findings revealed a considerable enhancement in growth performance and a decreased feed conversion ratio, especially for the 1.0% tulsi-based diet. Additionally, weight gain and feed conversion ratio exhibited significance at both the linear and quadratic levels, as indicated by polynomial contrasts. The hematological and biochemical profiles exhibited improvements in groups receiving tulsi-enriched diets. The antioxidant status of fish serum exhibited a notable increase, as evidenced by elevated activities of total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, and catalase in fish that received the 1.0% and 1.5% tulsi-based diets. Tulsi-supplemented diets led to remarkable enhancements in serum lysozyme activity, alternative complement activity, and total immunoglobulin content. Moreover, tulsi supplementation at 1.0% and 1.5% showcased a significant reduction in serum glucose and cortisol levels compared to the other groups. Conclusions In conclusion, tulsi extract emerged as a valuable asset, positively influencing growth, blood parameters, antioxidant balance, and serum immune response in Common Carp, particularly at supplementation levels ranging from 1.0% to 1.5% in the diet.
Physiological stress response in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) exposed to firework noise
(Acad Brasileira De Ciencias, 2025) Kuşku, Halit; Yiğit, Murat
In the present study, impacts of firework noise on physiological response and stress recovery were investigated in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Two treatment groups, one with firework noise exposure, and a control with no noise exposure at all was used in the study. After a disturbance challenge with firework noise for 2-hour playback, fish behavior in terms of opercula beats and pectoralwingflaps as physiological response were monitored for 96-hours via video image tracking, which was then consecutively repeated with 4-days intervals and 15 repetitions over a period of 60 days. Elevated fish respiration rates after noise exposure, peaked in 24 hours, and declining to initial levels after 72 hours, an indication of stress recovery. In the long-term challenge with multiple exposures to firework noise, fish showed no attunuation to firework noise and presented the same alarm reflex every time of noise exposure with 4-days intervals. It has been evidenced that fireworks noise influenced fish stress and welfare, hence the findings in this study may support ecology-based management of coastal developments. Further, these results raise the question of whether short-term investigations are sufficient for understanding anthropogenic disturbance on aquatic animals.
Extract of Moringa oleifera Leaves: Possible Useful Additives to Enhance Reproductive and Growth Performance of Male Oreochromis niloticus
(Central Fisheries Research Institute, 2025) Naz, Saira; Habib, Syed Sikandar; Acar, Ümit; Majeed, Saima; Kesbiç, Osman Sabri; Ullah, Mujeeb; Khayyam, Khayyam
The current study aimed to test Moringa oleifera leaves extract on the growth and reproductive performance of male Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). We purchased 420 healthy Nile tilapia (60.32±3.13 g) from the local fish farm for the feeding experiment. The fish were divided in triplicates into seven groups, including the control group, with each group consisting of 60 fish species (20 per glass aquarium). They were maintained in glass aquariums measuring 60×40×35 cm throughout the 60-day feeding trial. Experimental diets, incorporating various concentrations of M. oleifera extracts (0% 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%, and 12%), were administered to the fish at 3% of their body weight. The results revealed that experimental diets significantly (P<0.05) increased the growth and reproductive performance of the Nile tilapia compared to the control group. M. oleifera significantly (P<0.05) enhanced the levels of testosterone and luteinizing hormones. Furthermore, there was a progressive increase in the overall fertility rate with increasing concentrations of the plant extract. However, the overall performance of the fish decreased with increasing concentrations beyond 12%. The current study concluded that M. oleifera extract can be used to increase the fecundity and growth rate of the fish. © 2025, Central Fisheries Research Institute. All rights reserved.
Microplastics contamination suppressed immune and health status in cage cultured Barramundi: An investigation on pollution sources, ecotoxicological impacts, and transcription of genes involved in detoxification
(Elsevier, 2025) Vazirzadeh, Arya; Ergün, Sebahattin; Mossafa, Hamidreza; Farhadi, Ahmad; Keshavarzifard, Mehrzad; Yiğit, Murat; Yılmaz, Sevdan
This study aimed to study the abundance and ecotoxicological consequences of microplastics (MPs) in cagecultured Barramundi from the Persian Gulf. The fish, water, sediment, and aquafeed samples were taken from 4 cage-culture sites and reference points in Bushehr and Hormozgan provinces. Gills showed the highest normalized, while muscles exhibited the lowest MPs concentration. Waters and sediments from cage-culture sites had significantly higher MPs than reference points. Raman spectrophotometry identified polyurethane, polyether, and polyolefin as prevalent MPs. Unexpectedly, larger fish had lesser number of MPs per unit of their weight. MPs contamination adversely affected fish health and immune. Specifically, fish with elevated MPs contamination exhibited significantly reduced levels of acetylcholinesterase and gamma-glutamyl transferase, and an increase in the activities of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase. The level of immune parameters including lysozyme, total immunoglobulin and complements were all decreased in fish with high MPs. A clear association was determined between MPs contamination and expression levels of cytochrome P450 1A1 and glutathione S-transferase in the liver. Low MPs biomagnification and hazard risk to the final consumer, but high threat to fish own health and immune were observed.
Validation of Daily Growth Increment Deposition in Sagittal Otoliths of the Young of the Year Lithognathus mormyrus
(Springer Int Publ Ag, 2024) Ayyıldız, Hakan; Kurtkaya, Emre; Çelik, Pınar; Altın, Aytaç; Bulut, Musa
This paper aims to validate the micro increment deposition in the sagittal otoliths of young of the year (YOY) Lithognathus mormyrus in the shallow waters of canakkale, Turkey. Wild YOY specimens of L. mormyrus were captured and reared to validate the daily micro increment formation in sagittal otoliths. The formation of daily sagittal micro increments was validated using by alizarin Red S (ARS), at a concentration of 0 (control), 50 mg/lt, 100 mg/lt, 150 mg/lt, 200 mg/lt and 300 mg/lt. The natural photoperiod was applied, and no food was given throughout the marking period. The tanks kept strongly aerated to maintain the pH similar to 7. YOY fish were kept in different aquariums for 17 days post-dyeing and then re-dyeing as before and kept alive for a further 20 days. ARS marks were clearly observed in 71.7% of the YOY L. mormyrus sagittal otoliths under a fluorescent microscope. However, no mark could be observed in any of the samples of 50 mg/lt ARS treatment. Chi2 tests revealed that the linear regressions of the number of micro increments between ARS marks against number of elapsed times was not statistically significant. This result showed that micro increment deposition on the sagitta were laid down daily under the experimental conditions and can be used to detect the daily age information for YOY L. mormyrus.
Validating daily otolith increment formation in young of the year pagellus acarne in the Çanakkale region
(Arman Darya Inc, 2024) Ayyıldız, Hakan; Kurtkaya, Emre; Çelik, Pınar; Altın, Aytaç
Accurate age estimation is essential for population dynamics modeling and fisheries management. Otoliths serve as a critical resource for age determination in ichthyological studies, capitalizing on the embedded growth increments. The periodicity of these increments, however, requires thorough validation to confirm the accuracy of age assessments. This study validated daily increment deposition in sagittal otoliths of young-of-year Pagellus acarne from & Ccedil;anakkale, Turkey using Alizarin Red S (ARS), a fluorescent calcium-binding marker. Specimens (n=107; 1.8-4.7cm TL) were exposed to ARS concentrations of 0 (control), 50, 100, 150, 200, and 300mg/L for 24h, then reared 13 days. After a recovery period of 13 days, the second dyeing was performed with the aim of having a specific fluorescent mark to test the 13 rings found between the 2 fluorescent marks. Otoliths were examined under fluorescent microscopy. ARS marks were detectable in 81.57% of otoliths at >= 100mg/L, with the highest visibility at 300mg/L. Survival exceeded 84.2% across treatments. Increment counts between the first and second ARS marks (13 days) and from the second mark to the edge (20 days) matched elapsed time. Ages from wild fish (n=95) ranged 39-201 days with a growth rate of 0.176mm/day. This research demonstrates ARS is an effective, low-impact tool for periodicity validation and provides the basis for accurate age determination and population modeling of this ecologically important species in the region.
An extensive review of human health benefits from consuming farmed or wild fish with special reference to gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata)
(2024) Yiğit, Ümüt; Ergün, Sebahattin; Yiğit, Murat
In public, there is a significant concern regarding the safety and quality of farmed fish that poses problems for fish farmers in marketing. There is widespread recognition that farmed fish are less healthy than their wild equivalent, mostly attributed to unhealthy farm conditions or the ingredients used in artificial diets for aquaculture. However, the nutritional quality of farmed -or wild-caught fish may differ based on regional variation or a cultural environment's complex aspects. Whether farmed or wild fish provide better product quality is a long-standing matter for consumer preferences and marketing. Information was collected from a wide range of references through an extensive literature review, and detailed evaluations were made on the health levels of cultured fish and natural fish in human consumption. Therefore, the present study provides an extensive review to address the differences in the nutritional contribution of farmed and wild fish for human consumers. Addressing the questions arising from consumers’ concerns will undoubtedly support farmers in their challenging marketing efforts.
Detection of einkorn flour adulteration in flour and bread samples using Computer-Based Image Analysis and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
(Elsevier Ltd, 2021) Ayvaz, Hüseyin; Korkmaz, Fatma; Polat, Havva; Ayvaz, Zayde; Tuncel, Necati Barış
Einkorn (Triticum monocum L.) is an old variety of wheat and is considered an ancient grain. Currently, limited amounts of einkorn are produced within a few regions of Europe and the US, and therefore it is sold at higher prices than common wheat. Either for unfair economic gain (adulteration) or to compensate its weaker gluten structure, einkorn flour tends to be adulterated with bread wheat flour, which is frequently encountered in commercial einkorn flour or einkorn baked products. In this study, einkorn and bread wheat flours were initially analyzed for their common quality properties following the traditional analytical methods. Then, two rapid methods, Computer-Based Image (CBI) Analysis and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS), were evaluated to rapidly estimate the % level of bread wheat flour in both einkorn-wheat flour mixtures and the bread made of those mixtures. For this purpose, binary mixtures of einkorn flour and the adulterating bread wheat flour were prepared for calibration (46 samples) and external validation (18 samples) sets, with wheat flour content in the mixtures ranging between 5 and 95% (w/w). Then, for each binary mixture, a loaf of conventional bread was produced. Flour mixtures and loaves of bread samples produced were analyzed by both CBI and NIRS. Our results suggested that CBI could only yield high correlation levels between the wheat flour content and some color properties in bread samples (>0.96), while no sufficient correlations were observed in flour mixtures. Regarding the NIRS, highly accurate models were developed for both flour mixtures (correlation coefficients > 0.99, standard errors < 1.39% and RPD level of 19.3) and bread samples (correlation coefficients > 0.94, standard errors < 2.64% and RPD level of 10.1). Our results indicate that both NIRS and CBI may be implemented in the rapid and easy screening of wheat flour adulteration in einkorn bread, while only NIRS is suggested to be used for the same purpose in flour mixtures.
Machine Learning-Assisted Near- and Mid-Infrared spectroscopy for rapid discrimination of wild and farmed Mediterranean mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis)
(Elsevier Inc., 2024) Ayvaz, Hüseyin; Temizkan, Rıza; Kaya, Burcu; Salman, Merve; Menevşeoğlu, Ahmed; Ayvaz, Zayde; Güneş, Nurhan; Doğan, Muhammed Ali; Mortaş, Mustafa
The objective of this study was to investigate the ability to discriminate between wild and farmed Mediterranean mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) using machine learning-assisted near-infrared (NIR) and mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy. Mussels are of significant global importance in aquaculture due to their nutritional characteristics, encompassing a rich source of protein, essential fatty acids, various vitamins, and abundant minerals. Additionally, their ease of farming adds to their value as a desirable aquaculture species. The mussels' capacity to reflect environmental quality attributes makes them valuable as biomonitoring agents. However, differences in nutritional composition may arise between wild mussels harvested from natural marine hard-bottoms and those farmed in open artificial systems in the sea. In this study aimed at distinguishing between the two types of mussels, the classification models were created, and the most accurate results were achieved using the FT-MIR spectral data extracted from the interior part of the mussels, while the performance of FT-MIR data obtained from the mussels' shells was slightly lower, with the accuracy of 92% and R2 of 0.87. Still, the accuracies of all the classification models were over 90%. The Ensemble model, trained using FT-MIR spectra from the interior part of the mussel, achieved an accuracy of 98.4%, surpassing the performance of other variable sets. In both NIR and MIR models, spectra from the mussels' interior provide better discrimination than spectra from the outer shell.

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