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Öğe Influence of tulsi Ocimum sanctum extract on fish health: Growth, hematology, serum immune parameters, and antioxidant status in Common Carp(Oxford Univ Press, 2025) Habib, Syed Sikandar; Majeed, Saima; Rind, Khalid Hussain; Naz, Saira; Acar, Ümit; Cravana, Cristina; Ullah, MujeebObjective In aquaculture, the trend is shifting towards using plant-derived alternatives that are abundant in phytochemicals as effective replacements for traditional antibiotics and synthetic feed additives. In the present study, the effects of tulsi Ocimum sanctum extract on growth performance, hemato-biochemical indices, serum immune parameters, and antioxidant parameters in Common Carp Cyprinus carpio were investigated. Methods Common Carp (mean body weight ± SD = 10.6 ± 0.13 g) were fed experimental diets that contained tulsi leaf extract at 0.0 (control), 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5% for 60 d (25 fish/treatment). Results The findings revealed a considerable enhancement in growth performance and a decreased feed conversion ratio, especially for the 1.0% tulsi-based diet. Additionally, weight gain and feed conversion ratio exhibited significance at both the linear and quadratic levels, as indicated by polynomial contrasts. The hematological and biochemical profiles exhibited improvements in groups receiving tulsi-enriched diets. The antioxidant status of fish serum exhibited a notable increase, as evidenced by elevated activities of total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, and catalase in fish that received the 1.0% and 1.5% tulsi-based diets. Tulsi-supplemented diets led to remarkable enhancements in serum lysozyme activity, alternative complement activity, and total immunoglobulin content. Moreover, tulsi supplementation at 1.0% and 1.5% showcased a significant reduction in serum glucose and cortisol levels compared to the other groups. Conclusions In conclusion, tulsi extract emerged as a valuable asset, positively influencing growth, blood parameters, antioxidant balance, and serum immune response in Common Carp, particularly at supplementation levels ranging from 1.0% to 1.5% in the diet.Öğe Extract of Moringa oleifera Leaves: Possible Useful Additives to Enhance Reproductive and Growth Performance of Male Oreochromis niloticus(Central Fisheries Research Institute, 2025) Naz, Saira; Habib, Syed Sikandar; Acar, Ümit; Majeed, Saima; Kesbiç, Osman Sabri; Ullah, Mujeeb; Khayyam, KhayyamThe current study aimed to test Moringa oleifera leaves extract on the growth and reproductive performance of male Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). We purchased 420 healthy Nile tilapia (60.32±3.13 g) from the local fish farm for the feeding experiment. The fish were divided in triplicates into seven groups, including the control group, with each group consisting of 60 fish species (20 per glass aquarium). They were maintained in glass aquariums measuring 60×40×35 cm throughout the 60-day feeding trial. Experimental diets, incorporating various concentrations of M. oleifera extracts (0% 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%, and 12%), were administered to the fish at 3% of their body weight. The results revealed that experimental diets significantly (P<0.05) increased the growth and reproductive performance of the Nile tilapia compared to the control group. M. oleifera significantly (P<0.05) enhanced the levels of testosterone and luteinizing hormones. Furthermore, there was a progressive increase in the overall fertility rate with increasing concentrations of the plant extract. However, the overall performance of the fish decreased with increasing concentrations beyond 12%. The current study concluded that M. oleifera extract can be used to increase the fecundity and growth rate of the fish. © 2025, Central Fisheries Research Institute. All rights reserved.Öğe Machine Learning-Assisted Near- and Mid-Infrared spectroscopy for rapid discrimination of wild and farmed Mediterranean mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis)(Elsevier Inc., 2024) Ayvaz, Hüseyin; Temizkan, Rıza; Kaya, Burcu; Salman, Merve; Menevşeoğlu, Ahmed; Ayvaz, Zayde; Güneş, Nurhan; Doğan, Muhammed Ali; Mortaş, MustafaThe objective of this study was to investigate the ability to discriminate between wild and farmed Mediterranean mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) using machine learning-assisted near-infrared (NIR) and mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy. Mussels are of significant global importance in aquaculture due to their nutritional characteristics, encompassing a rich source of protein, essential fatty acids, various vitamins, and abundant minerals. Additionally, their ease of farming adds to their value as a desirable aquaculture species. The mussels' capacity to reflect environmental quality attributes makes them valuable as biomonitoring agents. However, differences in nutritional composition may arise between wild mussels harvested from natural marine hard-bottoms and those farmed in open artificial systems in the sea. In this study aimed at distinguishing between the two types of mussels, the classification models were created, and the most accurate results were achieved using the FT-MIR spectral data extracted from the interior part of the mussels, while the performance of FT-MIR data obtained from the mussels' shells was slightly lower, with the accuracy of 92% and R2 of 0.87. Still, the accuracies of all the classification models were over 90%. The Ensemble model, trained using FT-MIR spectra from the interior part of the mussel, achieved an accuracy of 98.4%, surpassing the performance of other variable sets. In both NIR and MIR models, spectra from the mussels' interior provide better discrimination than spectra from the outer shell.
