Microbial-Based Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles: A Comparative Review of Bacteria- and Fungi-Mediated Approaches

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dc.authoridKarav, Sercan / 0000-0003-4056-1673
dc.authoridEker, Furkan / 0009-0002-5260-6111
dc.authoridAkdaşçi, Emir / 0009-0009-5996-6567
dc.authoridDuman, Hatice / 0000-0002-4526-6609
dc.contributor.authorAkdaşçi, Emir
dc.contributor.authorEker, Furkan
dc.contributor.authorDuman, Hatice
dc.contributor.authorBechelany, Mikhael
dc.contributor.authorKarav, Sercan
dc.date.accessioned2026-02-03T11:59:59Z
dc.date.available2026-02-03T11:59:59Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.departmentÇanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractThe growing demand for sustainable and eco-friendly technologies has driven the development of green and bio-based synthesis methods for metallic nanoparticles. Among these, the microbial synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has emerged as a promising alternative to conventional chemical methods, which often rely on hazardous reagents and harsh conditions. Bacteria and fungi are particularly attractive due to their ability to produce AgNPs with tunable size, shape, and surface properties through natural enzymatic and metabolic processes. This review provides a comparative analysis of bacterial and fungal synthesis routes, focusing on their distinct advantages, limitations, and optimal applications. Bacterial synthesis offers faster growth, simpler culture requirements, and greater potential for genetic manipulation, enabling precise control over nanoparticle (NP) characteristics. In contrast, fungal synthesis typically yields higher nanoparticle stability and is well suited for extracellular, scalable production. The review also summarizes key synthesis parameters (e.g., pH, temperature, reaction time), addresses reproducibility and scalability challenges, and highlights emerging research areas, including antibacterial bio-hybrid materials and bacterial-supported metallic catalysts. Overall, this comparative perspective provides a clear framework for selecting appropriate microbial systems for different technological applications and identifies future research directions to advance green nanotechnology.
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/ijms262010163
dc.identifier.issn1661-6596
dc.identifier.issn1422-0067
dc.identifier.issue20
dc.identifier.pmid41155457
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105020236702
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.3390/ijms262010163
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12428/34457
dc.identifier.volume26
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001601684100001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ1
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMed
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherMdpi
dc.relation.ispartofInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.snmzKA_WOS_20260130
dc.subjectsilver nanoparticles
dc.subjectgreen synthesis
dc.subjectbio-based synthesis
dc.subjectbacteria-based synthesis
dc.subjectfungi-based synthesis
dc.subjectbiomedical applications
dc.titleMicrobial-Based Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles: A Comparative Review of Bacteria- and Fungi-Mediated Approaches
dc.typeReview Article

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