Neuromuscular Activation and Symmetry in Isometric Squats: Comparing Stable and Unstable Surfaces

Basit Öğe Kaydı
dc.authoridSağlam, Ali Fatih / 0000-0002-5761-7154
dc.authoridKoç, Hürmüz / 0000-0003-1588-7583
dc.contributor.authorSağlam, Ali Fatih
dc.contributor.authorAydın, Erbil Murat
dc.contributor.authorKoç, Hürmüz
dc.contributor.authorMuntean, Raul Ioan
dc.contributor.authorJoksimovic, Marko
dc.contributor.authorStefanica, Valentina
dc.date.accessioned2026-02-03T11:59:48Z
dc.date.available2026-02-03T11:59:48Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.departmentÇanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractThis study aimed to compare muscle activation and neuromuscular symmetry during isometric squat exercises performed on stable and unstable surfaces. Nineteen recreationally active males (aged 18-27) participated in the experiment. A hard floor represented the stable surface, while the unstable conditions included a BOSU ball with the dome side up, a BOSU ball with the flat side up, and a gymnastics mat. Participants performed two 10 s sets of isometric squats on each surface using body weight. Electromyographic (EMG) activity was recorded from the vastus medialis (VM), vastus lateralis (VL), medial gastrocnemius (MG), and lateral gastrocnemius (LG). The central focus of this study was neuromuscular symmetry, which is defined in biomechanics as the balanced muscle activity between homologous and synergistic muscle groups. Since surface instability may influence muscle coordination and postural control, this study investigated whether muscle activation symmetry differs across varying surface conditions. The results showed no statistically significant differences in muscle activation across all surfaces for VM, VL, MG, and LG (p > 0.05). These findings indicate that surface stability does not significantly impact the activation or symmetry of these lower limb muscles during isometric squats. Therefore, different surfaces may be used interchangeably in training or rehabilitation programmes without altering muscle engagement. This flexibility could be advantageous for athletes, clinicians, or individuals aiming to diversify exercise modalities or adapt routines based on surface availability.
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/sym17081317
dc.identifier.issn2073-8994
dc.identifier.issue8
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105014410716
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.3390/sym17081317
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12428/34428
dc.identifier.volume17
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001559984600001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ2
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherMdpi
dc.relation.ispartofSymmetry-Basel
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.snmzKA_WOS_20260130
dc.subjectelectromyography
dc.subjectBOSU ball
dc.subjectfoam surface
dc.subjectsurface instability
dc.titleNeuromuscular Activation and Symmetry in Isometric Squats: Comparing Stable and Unstable Surfaces
dc.typeArticle

Dosyalar

Orijinal paket
Listeleniyor 1 - 1 / 1
Küçük Resim
İsim:
Ali Fatih Saglam_Makale.pdf
Boyut:
459.87 KB
Biçim:
Adobe Portable Document Format
İndir

Koleksiyon

WoS İndeksli Yayınlar Koleksiyonu
Antrenörlük Eğitimi Bölümü Koleksiyonu
Scopus İndeksli Yayınlar Koleksiyonu