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Öğe Morphological and Postural Characteristics of MarathonRunners: A Large-Scale Field Study from the Gallipoli Marathon(Soc Chilena Anatomia, 2025) Sanal, Alperen; Acak, Mahmut; Yalçın, Ebru; Acar, Kaan BarışThis study was conducted to examine the morphological characteristics of marathon athletes according to foot biomechanics, age group and regular exercise status. Runners who participated in the Gallipoli Marathon organized in 2024includedwere in the study. In this context, 571 (300 male, 271 female) marathon runners aged 18 and over participated in the study.Aresearchmixed design was used in the study. In this context, morphological measurements and foot posture of the runners were analyzed.5SPSS 2 program was used for data analysis. The normality test of the data was performed with Skewness-Kurtosis values. In the findings,research no significant difference was found in morphological characteristics according to foot posture status (p>0.05). Significantdiferenceswere found in body mass index (BMI), fat percentage (Fat%), fat mass (Fat Mass), fat free mass (FFM), total body mass (TBM), ArchStaheli Index (p<0.05), while no significant difference was found in basal metabolic rate (BMR) (p>0.05). According to age groups, significant differences were found in BMI, Fat%, Fat Mass, FFM, CPC, Staheli Arch Index (p<0.05), while no difference was found in basal metabolic rate (p>0.05). As a result of the research, it was seen that regular exercise and age group were effective in the morphologicalcharacteristics of marathon runners, but flat feet were not effective.Öğe Exercise-induced ventricular arrhythmias and subclinical ischemia risk in firefighters: exploratory results from a pilot study(Springer, 2025) Demiralp, Nuray; Akyel, Serdar; Koç, Hürmüz; Öztürk, AhmetAim This pilot study aimed to systematically evaluate exercise-induced electrocardiographic (ECG) responses in professional firefighters and to explore the association between premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) and myocardial ischemia in this high-risk occupational group. Method This pilot cross-sectional study enrolled 21 male firefighters (mean age 43.4 ± 7.18 years) from a single municipal fire department. Participants underwent comprehensive cardiovascular assessment including anthropometric measurements, biochemical analyses (lipid profile, testosterone), submaximal exercise testing (Bruce protocol), and 24-h Holter ECG monitoring. Statistical analyses included Mann–Whitney U tests and effect size calculations. Results No exercise-induced ST-segment changes indicative of myocardial ischemia were observed. However, PVCs were detected in 33% of participants (7/21), with exercise testing revealing 18 simple and 2 multiform PVCs, while Holter monitoring recorded 25 simple and 1 multiform PVC. PVC-positive firefighters were significantly older (median 49 vs. 40 years, p = 0.019, r = 0.514). Mean exercise capacity was 12.45 METs, with 81% achieving moderate fitness levels. Post-exercise heart rate recovery (HRR1: 24 ± 11.5 bpm; HRR2: 35.4 ± 11.5 bpm) showed normal patterns. Conclusion The findings of this pilot study indicate the need for larger-scale investigations, supported by advanced diagnostic modalities, to clarify the clinical relevance of exercise-induced premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) in firefighters. Although no ischemic changes were observed, the presence of subclinical coronary artery disease cannot be definitively excluded. These results provide a meaningful preliminary foundation for developing targeted screening approaches to improve early cardiovascular risk detection in high-physical-demand occupational groups.Öğe Chronic low back pain and exercise: a molecular perspective on aerobic and anaerobic core training(Springer, 2025) Aykora, Emrah; Akar, Ali; Eroğlu, Hüseyin AvniChronic low back pain (CLBP) remains a significant challenge for clinicians, and a substantial percentage of adults experience it at some point in their lives. Non-pharmacological treatments have gained attention for managing pain through aerobic and anaerobic core exercises. However, studies on humans and animals have yielded conflicting results regarding the type of exercise and its effect on pain sensation. The pain sensitivity of CLBP patients largely depends on their physiological and psychological conditions. The most studied and supported non-drug treatments for managing CLBP are aerobic core workouts. Recently, new research has also shown promising benefits of anaerobic core exercises, which can help reduce discomfort. Both aerobic and core anaerobic exercises have distinct yet complementary roles in managing CLBP. Aerobic training enhances overall health and endurance, while core anaerobic exercises focus on stabilization and muscular support. Understanding how they work individually and together can help create more effective, personalized exercise plans for long-term CLBP management. These exercises are especially effective in correcting postural issues and lowering mechanical stress on the lumbar spine. Although the exact mechanisms are still unknown, both types of exercises have the potential to lessen pain. This scoping review discusses the pathophysiological processes and exercise-induced hypoalgesia related to CLBP therapy. Additionally, it explores the pain-related molecular mechanisms associated with both aerobic and anaerobic core exercises.Öğe Isokinetic knee strength as a predictor of cardiorespiratory responses during loaded aerobic capacity test in elite athletes(Nature Portfolio, 2025) Çar, Bekir; Kurtoğlu, Ahmet; Atar, Özdemir; Türkmen, Musa; Eken, Özgür; Soyler, Mehmet; Aldhahi, Monira I.This study aimed to investigate the predictive capacity of knee isokinetic strength parameters on cardiorespiratory responses during aerobic capacity test (ACT). It provides novel insights into the interplay between muscular strength and cardiorespiratory function through comparative analyses of loaded and unloaded ACT protocols in elite athletes. Thirty elite modern pentathlon athletes (age: 21.43 ± 0.77 years) underwent isokinetic knee strength assessments at angular velocities of 60°/s and 240°/s. Cardiorespiratory parameters—average breath volume (ABV), average breath frequency (ABF), auxiliary oxygen density (AOD), and heart rate (HR)—were recorded during the Bruce Protocol conducted under two conditions: unloaded and with a 10 kg loaded vest. Relationships between isokinetic strength metrics and cardiorespiratory parameters were analyzed using linear regression models. There were no significant differences in ABV, ABF, or AOD between loaded and unloaded ACT conditions (p > .05). However, HR was significantly lower during loaded ACT (p < .05). Linear regression revealed that at 60°/s, several knee strength parameters, including peak torque extension (PT-EXT), peak torque flexion (PT-FLX), total work flexion (TW-FLX), average power flexion (AP-FLX), and agonist strength (AGANT), significantly predicted ABV during loaded ACT (R2 = 0.804, p = .004). A similar pattern was observed at 240°/s, where comparable predictors explained a significant variance in ABV (R2 = 0.761, p = .012). No significant predictive relationships were identified during unloaded ACT. Isokinetic knee strength parameters significantly predict cardiorespiratory responses during loaded ACT but not during unloaded protocols. These findings suggest that isokinetic strength assessments may be a valuable tool for optimizing ACT prescription and monitoring training adaptations in elite athletes.Öğe Investigation of the effect of cardiorespiratory fitness on cardiometabolic risk factors and testosterone levels in firefighters(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2025) Demiralp, Nuray; Koç, Hürmüz; Baydil, Bilgehan; Gürses, Veli Volkan; Kanbur, SavaşObjective This study aims to investigate the impact of cardiorespiratory fitness on cardiometabolic risk factors and testosterone levels among firefighters. Method A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with seventy-four firefighters working in a metropolitan municipality. Anthropometric measurements, cardiometabolic risk parameters (high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, triglycerides, total cholesterol), total testosterone (TT) levels were clinically evaluated for each participant. Results The proportion of firefighters with low TT was 20.3%, and a statistically significant negative relationship was found between TT and weight, BMI, body fat percentage, waist circumference, hip circumference, and HbA1c as cardiometabolic risk factors (p < 0.05). Additionally, statistically significant positive relationship was observed between metabolic equivalent scores and testosterone levels among the firefighters (p < 0.05). Conclusion The key findings of this study reveal significant differences in various cardiometabolic risk factors between firefighters with high fitness levels and those with lower fitness levels.Öğe Evidence for the reversal of the relative age effect in European professional basketball(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2025) Akıncı, Yasin; Yapar, AhmetThe Relative Age Effect (RAE) refers to how the selection process based on birthdates can influence athletic success and development. This study investigates the RAE in European professional basketball, focusing on its effects on roster composition, player performance, and team efficiency. Data from 2,571 male players across the top 10 European leagues in the 2022/23 season were analysed. The analysis utilised chi-square tests to evaluate birth quartile distribution, ANOVA for assessing playing time and efficiency scores, and correlation analyses to explore the relationship between birth quartile distribution and team success in league level. The findings confirm the existence of RAE, revealing an over-representation of players born in the first quarter of the year. However, contrary to expectations, players born in the last quarter received more playing time and had higher efficiency scores, particularly in the Turkish and Italian leagues. Additionally, a weak negative correlation was found between team success and RAE, suggesting that teams with a higher proportion of first quarter-born players performed worse. The study highlights the limitations of age-based selection and calls for alternative talent identification methods that could be beneficial for long-term career outcomes in professional basketball.Öğe Born early, perform better: The impact of relative age on performance in Turkish youth basketball(Sage Publications Ltd, 2025) Akıncı, Yasin; Yapar, Ahmet; Kaki, BarışThis study investigated the relative age effect (RAE) and its impact on performance in male basketball players participating in Turkish youth championships across U14, U16, and U18 age categories between 2017 and 2023 except 2020-2021 because of COVID-19 pandemics. An archival data model was employed, analysing data from 3113 players between 2017 and 2023. The months of birth were divided into four three-month periods and called Q1 to Q4. Statistical analyses included Chi-square tests with odds ratios, Welch ANOVA, and principal component analysis (PCA) used to visualize performance variable structures. Results indicated a significant RAE across all age groups, with Q1-born players consistently overrepresented and demonstrating superior performance in key metrics such as playing time, points, field goals, and efficiency score. The RAE was most pronounced in the U14 category, peaked at U16, and, while still present, was less prominent in U18, suggesting a convergence of biological maturity and the increasing influence of technical-tactical skills at older ages. PCA further revealed that early-born players were more likely to occupy central and productive roles on the court. These findings emphasize that coaches and policy-makers should consider RAE in their selection processes to ensure that long-term potential is not overlooked due to initial age-related disparities.Öğe Association between pediatric obesity and foot morphology: insights from a large-scale cross-sectional study using photogrammetry(Bmc, 2025) Büyükçelebi, Hakan; Acak, Mahmut; Eken, Özgür; Doğaner, Adem; Özen, Gökmen; Ardigo, Luca PaoloBackground Childhood obesity is a critical public health concern with implications for musculoskeletal development. Foot posture abnormalities—particularly pes planus—may be associated with obesity and could serve as early diagnostic indicators. Aim This study investigated the relationship between foot posture and obesity in children aged 4–14 years using non-invasive assessment methods. Materials and methods A total of 7,908 children (mean age: 8.7 ± 2.9 years; 51.2% male) were assessed using photogrammetry and the Staheli Arch Index, along with the Jack Test to classify foot posture. BMI categories and foot posture types were statistically compared. Results Rigid pes planus was found in 9.6% of children, flexible pes planus in 7.8%, and high arch in 3.8%. Among overweight and obese children, the prevalence of rigid pes planus was significantly higher (p < 0.001). Logistic regression revealed that rigid pes planus increased the risk of obesity by 7.2 times (OR = 7.156; 95% CI: 5.179–9.887). Conclusion Rigid pes planus is strongly associated with obesity in children. Foot posture screening, especially in early childhood, may serve as a valuable tool for identifying children at risk for obesity-related complications and guiding early preventive interventions.Öğe Positive attitudes toward physical activity and eating disorders in university students: the moderating role of gender(Bmc, 2025) Ugraş, Sinan; Mergan, Barış; Yücekaya, Mehmet Akif; Sagın, Ahmet Enes; Ateş, Fatih; Aykora, EmrahBackground Eating disorders affect both male and female populations worldwide. Previous studies suggest that attitudes toward physical activity may play a key role in their development. Understanding this relationship is essential for designing effective prevention and treatment strategies. In this study, “positive attitudes toward physical activity” refer to motivational and affective dispositions, such as valuing, enjoying, and being willing to engage in physical activity. The study aimed to explore the effects of such attitudes on various subdimensions of eating disorders, as well as the moderating role of gender in these associations. Methods University students from different regions of Türkiye participated in the study (n = 609; age M = 21.0, SD = 1.95). The gender distribution was 49.9% females and 50.1% males. The gender distribution was 49.9% females (n = 304) and 50.1% males (n = 305). Data were collected with the Physical Activity Attitude Scale for Children and Adolescents and the Eating Disorder Scale–Short Form (EDE-Q-13). SEM and Jamovi MedMod moderation tests were used to analyze the data. Results Positive attitudes toward physical activity did not significantly predict eating restraint (β=-0.0865, z=-1.94, p >.05) or shape/weight over-evaluation (β=-0.0836, z=-1.87, p >.05). However, they were significantly and inversely associated with body dissatisfaction (β = -0.1788, z = -3.87, p <.001), bingeing (β = -0.3201, z = -6.75, p <.001), and purging (β = -0.4591, z = -9.58, p <.001). Based on the positive and significant result of the PAPA ✻ gender interaction (B = 0.387, p <.05), gender appears to play a moderating role in the associations between physical activity attitudes and eating disorder symptoms. Conclusions Our results indicated that while positive attitudes toward physical activity did not significantly influence eating restraint, shape or weight overevaluation, they might have suppressive effects on body dissatisfaction, bingeing, and purging. Additionally, positive attitudes toward physical activity affected female and male participants differently. These findings may inform health promotion and physical activity interventions in university settings.Öğe Persistent neuromuscular deficits in the posterior kinetic chain following hamstring strain injury: EMG insights from nordic hamstring curl, kettlebell swing, and supine sliding leg curl(Bmc, 2025) Gülgösteren, Erkan; Yüksel, Oguzhan; Gürol, Barış; Yıldırım, Onur; Atar, Özdemir; Soylu, Çağlar; Altundağ, EmreBackground Hamstring strain injuries (HSIs) are among the most common non-contact injuries in football, often resulting in prolonged rehabilitation, high recurrence rates, and persistent neuromuscular deficits. Although rehabilitation focuses on restoring strength and flexibility, alterations in posterior chain muscle activation patterns may remain undetected, potentially contributing to reinjury risk. This study aimed to compare posterior chain muscle activation patterns between football players with a history of hamstring injury and healthy controls during three functional exercises: Nordic Hamstring Curl (NHC), Kettlebell Swing (KS), and Sliding Single-Leg Curl (SSLC). Methods Forty-two male football players (mean age: 23.4 ± 3.1 years; 21 previously injured, 21 healthy controls) participated in the study. Surface electromyography (sEMG) was used to record activation of the biceps femoris long head (BF), gluteus maximus (GM), latissimus dorsi (LD), and iliocostalis lumborum (IL) during each exercise. Results Mean activation values were Across all exercises, injured players demonstrated significantly lower muscle activation compared with healthy controls. In NHC, BF (− 23.9%, p < 0.001), GM (− 21.3%, p < 0.001), LD (− 15.4%, p = 0.005), and IL (− 14.6%, p = 0.001) activations were reduced in the injured group. During KS, reductions were observed in BF (− 28.7%, p < 0.001), GM (− 24.3%, p < 0.001), LD (− 17.3%, p = 0.008), and IL (− 16.8%, p = 0.007). In SSLC, BF (− 20.8%, p < 0.001), GM (− 19.7%, p < 0.001), LD (− 12.5%, p = 0.008), and IL (− 15.8%, p = 0.004) activations were significantly lower in injured participants. Conclusion The largest differences were found in BF and GM during hip-dominant exercises, with consistent but smaller deficits in LD and IL, indicating a widespread neuromuscular inhibition beyond the hamstring itself. Conclusions: Football players with a history of hamstring injury present persistent deficits in posterior chain muscle activation, particularly in BF and GM, even after return to play. These impairments extend to trunk musculature (LD, IL), suggesting that rehabilitation should incorporate multi-segmental posterior chain retraining, especially in hip-dominant tasks, to mitigate reinjury risk. Clinical trial registration : The clinical trial was registered retrospectively on 09 June 2025 under the identifier NCT07171385.Öğe The impact of health anxiety on life satisfaction among male university students in sports sciences(Mre Press, 2025) Pepe, Osman; Dalbudak, İbrahim; Atar, Özdemir; Kocyiğit, Berat; Dindar, Mustafa DenizBackground: In recent decades, there has been a notable decline in healthy lifestyle activity levels and a rise in unhealthy habits, particularly among university students. These trends are concerning, as behaviors developed during university years can negatively affect long-term life satisfaction. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of health anxiety on life satisfaction levels of male university students enrolled in sports sciences. Methods: The study population consisted of male university students studying sports sciences, with a sample of 421 students selected by a simple random sampling method. Data were collected using a researcher-designed personal information form, and the health anxiety and life satisfaction scales in the literature. Statistical analysis were conducted using SPSS 22.0 (IBM SPSS Statistics, Chicago, IL, USA). Pearson correlation analysis was applied to determine the relationships between variables and simple regression analysis was employed to assess the effect of health anxiety on participants' life satisfaction. Results: The findings revealed a weak level of negative correlation between health anxiety and life satisfaction among male university students in sports sciences. Furthermore, health anxiety was found to significantly impact life satisfaction. Conclusions: This study highlights the need for targeted interventions to promote physical activity among university youth. Addressing the physical activity in university years may contribute to healthier lifestyles, and reduced health anxiety and improved life satisfaction in the long term.Öğe BARRIERS AND FACILITATORS TO PHYSICAL ACTIVITY PARTICIPATION IN OLDER ADULTS: A TURKİYE-USA COMPARISON(Turkish Geriatrics Soc-Türk Geriatri Derneği, 2025) Şahin, Gülşah; Meng, Hongdao; Dobbs, Debra; Yalçın, EbruIntroduction: Although physical activity is a key component of healthy aging, engagement levels among older adults are influenced by sociocultural, economic, and environmental factors that vary across countries. This study aimed to compare these barriers and facilitators of physical activity participation among American and Turkish older adults. Materials and Method: Data were collected from 128 older adults (64 per country), aged >= 65 years and older, through structured interviews and surveys conducted in parks and senior activity centers in Turkiye, and Florida, United States. The San Diego Health and Exercise Questionnaire and the Structured Interview Questions on Physical Activity Participation Factors were utilized to assess participation patterns and influencing factors. A mixed-methods research design was employed; qualitative data from interviews were analyzed using content analysis, and cross-country differences in questionnaire responses were assessed using the chi-squared test. Results: Turkish participants reported significantly higher psychological (chi(2) =15.7-42.5, p<0.001), individual (chi(2)=3.9-8.4, p<0.05), social (chi(2)=20.2-52.5, p<0.001) and environmental (chi(2)=27.2-34.2, p<0.001) barriers compared to their American older adults. Structured interviews result further showed that social pressure (chi(2)= 8.5-39.2, p<0.001), gender influence (chi(2)=7.3-66.0, p<0.05) had more pronounced effects on Turkish older adults. Additionally, Turkish participants reported limited access to exercise facilities and insufficient support(p<0.05). Conclusion: Older adults in Turkiye face more pronounced sociocultural and infrastructural barriers to physical activity compared with their counterparts in the United States. Addressing these challenges requires comprehensive reforms in education, economic investment, and cultural awareness. Without targeted and sustainable interventions, opportunities for active aging will remain limited. Culturally informed strategies are essential to promote equitable access to physical activity and to enhance the overall health and well-being of older adults in Turkiye.Öğe Inspiratory muscle training in natural bodybuilders: adaptations in diaphragm muscle thickness and maximal strength(Frontiers Media Sa, 2025) Güler, İskender; Yılmaz, Coşkun; Soylu, Hakan Hüseyin; Birinci, Mürşit Ceyhun; Arslan, Ayla; Ocak, Hakan; Çayır, HüseyinBackground: The effect of inspiratory muscle training on diaphragm muscle thickness (DT) and one repetition maximal (1RM) in professional natural bodybuilders is still unclear. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of inspiratory muscle training on diaphragm muscle thickness and 1RM in professional natural bodybuilders. Methods: The study comprised a total of 22 athletes who participated in bodybuilding competitions. Each athlete had undergone a minimum of 5 years of training, with a minimum weekly commitment of 5 hours. Participants were randomly divided into two groups: inspiratory muscle training (IMT) and control (CON). The CON continued their normal training regime, while the IMT group also performed inspiratory muscle training with a 10% weekly increase by setting the resistance setting of the PowerBreathe (R) Classic device to 40% of the participant's maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP). Prior to and during the 4-week training period, 1RM bench press measurements and diaphragm muscle thickness measurements were obtained. Results: In the comparison of 1RM power values before and after training, it was determined that the IMT group (%: 11.20) had 6.3% more post-activation performance enhancement compared to the CON group (%: 4.9) (p < 0.001). In the study, it was determined that a higher level of significant post-activation performance enhancement was obtained in the IMT group compared to the CON group in the diaphragm muscle thickness inspiratory phase (DT ins) and ekspiratory phase (DT eks) parameters at 20.36% and 19.46%, respectively. Conclusion: In conclusion, we determined that the addition of progressive loading inspiratory muscle training to preparation programmes in natural bodybuilders will improve diaphragm muscle thickness, 1RM physical performance. In particular, it shows that the diaphragm muscle should be considered not only as a muscle that supports respiration, but also as a muscle that contributes to power generation by optimising intra-abdominal pressure.Öğe Neuromuscular Activation and Symmetry in Isometric Squats: Comparing Stable and Unstable Surfaces(Mdpi, 2025) Sağlam, Ali Fatih; Aydın, Erbil Murat; Koç, Hürmüz; Muntean, Raul Ioan; Joksimovic, Marko; Stefanica, ValentinaThis study aimed to compare muscle activation and neuromuscular symmetry during isometric squat exercises performed on stable and unstable surfaces. Nineteen recreationally active males (aged 18-27) participated in the experiment. A hard floor represented the stable surface, while the unstable conditions included a BOSU ball with the dome side up, a BOSU ball with the flat side up, and a gymnastics mat. Participants performed two 10 s sets of isometric squats on each surface using body weight. Electromyographic (EMG) activity was recorded from the vastus medialis (VM), vastus lateralis (VL), medial gastrocnemius (MG), and lateral gastrocnemius (LG). The central focus of this study was neuromuscular symmetry, which is defined in biomechanics as the balanced muscle activity between homologous and synergistic muscle groups. Since surface instability may influence muscle coordination and postural control, this study investigated whether muscle activation symmetry differs across varying surface conditions. The results showed no statistically significant differences in muscle activation across all surfaces for VM, VL, MG, and LG (p > 0.05). These findings indicate that surface stability does not significantly impact the activation or symmetry of these lower limb muscles during isometric squats. Therefore, different surfaces may be used interchangeably in training or rehabilitation programmes without altering muscle engagement. This flexibility could be advantageous for athletes, clinicians, or individuals aiming to diversify exercise modalities or adapt routines based on surface availability.Öğe The Effect of Suspension Training vs. Traditional Resistance Training in Older Adults: Randomized Controlled Trial(Turkish Academic Geriatrics Society, 2025) Çakar, Fatma; Şahin, GülşahObjective The objective of this study is to compare the effects of traditional resistance training (RT) vs. suspension training (ST) on functional performance, body composition, and cognitive functions in older adults. Materials and Methods Participants were categorized into three groups: the ST group (ST, n=8, age: 71), the traditional RT group (RT, n=8, age: 70), and the control group [(C), n=7, age: 70]. All measurements, assessments, and test evaluations were performed at the baseline, the sixth week, and the twelfth week. The training programs were conducted two days per week. The ST group was included in a program consisting of exercises with the suspension apparatus, whereas the RT focused on RT with body weight and free weights. The C was not included in the training program. Results The arm strength was greater in the ST group than in the C group (p=0.007). Muscle mass (p=0.029), basal metabolic rate (BMR) (p=0.034), agility and dynamic balance (p=0.012), leg strength (p=0.005), arm strength (p=0.002), and cognitive function (p=0.006) were significantly different in the ST group compared to the C group (p<0.05). The balance (p=0.005) and BMR (p=0.030) were significantly improved in the ST group compared to the RT group (p<0.05). Conclusion Physical therapists and trainers may use a suspension method as an alternative to traditional methods for older adults. This method may provide trainers with the opportunity to improve strength, balance, and cognitive function with a single training method.Öğe Spor Lisesinde Okuyan Öğrencilerin Mutluluk ve Öz Yeterlilik Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi(Kafkas Üniversitesi, 2023) Köroğlu, Mihraç; Abanoz, Hasan; Yentürk, Burcu; Öztürk Çelik, GanimePurpose: The aim of this study is to investigate the happiness levels and self-efficacy levels of students studying at Batman Sports High School according to certain variables. Method: This research, which uses quantitative research methodology, is conducted in a survey model. The population and sample of this study consists of 266 students studying at Batman Sports High School. Oxford Happiness Scale, General Self-Efficacy Scale, and a personal information form were administered to the students. The data in the research were analyzed using independent samples t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for SPSS program. Results: Significant differences were observed between the happiness levels of students and the sub-dimensions of self-efficacy according to class variable, support of their families for engaging in sports, receiving support from school for sports, family's involvement in sports, and the type of competition they like the most. No significant differences were found between the students' gender, licensed sports branch, chosen sports branch, type of medal they received, and their happiness levels and self-efficacy levels. A significant difference was observed between the students' happiness levels and their variables related to winning cups or medals and participating in sports competitions, but there was no significant difference in their self-efficacy sub-dimensions. There is no significant difference between the students' perception of the adequacy of the school's sports facilities and their happiness levels. However, there is a significant difference between the students' perception of the adequacy of the school's sports facilities and the sub-dimensions of self-efficacy persistence/insistence and starting. Conclusion: Significant differences were found between the students' happiness levels and the sub-dimensions of self-efficacy according to class variable, support of their families for engaging in sports, receiving support from school for sports, family's involvement in sports, and the type of competition they like the mostÖğe The efficacy of Air Alert plyometric training program on enhancing biomotor skills in adolescent basketball players(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2025) Yalçın, Onur; Açak, Mahmut; Kurtoğlu, Ahmet; Eken, Özgür; Bayer, Ramazan; Aldhahi, Monira I.Background:Basketball is an important sport that utilizes a variety of biomotor skills. Diverse training programs are employed to enhance the biomotor attributes and elevate the performance levels of basketball players. Plyometric training (PT) is frequently used to improve athlete performance. However, different models of PT can yield varying effects on athletic performance.Methods:This study aimed to determine the impact of a PT program named Air Alert on athletes' biomotor skills. Twenty-four basketball players aged 15 to 16 years voluntarily participated in the study. The participants were randomly assigned to 2 groups: the Air Alert plyometric training group (AIR) (n = 12) and the plyometric training group (n = 12). The AIR was trained 3 days a week, while the plyometric training group was trained 2 days a week for 15 weeks. Pre- and posttest measurements of height (cm), body weight (kg), vertical jump, line agility, 20 m sprint, Illinois agility, repeated sprint, and flamingo balance tests were performed for all participants.Results:There were no significant differences in height (cm) (F = 1.035, P = .320, eta p2 = .045), weight (F = 1.735, P = .201, eta p2 = .073), and BMI measurements (F = 1.376, P = .253, eta p2 = .059) within and between groups. However, significant differences were observed between the groups in vertical jump (F = 14.343, P = .001, eta p2 = .395), line agility (F = 75.366, P = .000, eta p2 = .774), 20 m sprint (F = 93.001, P = .000, eta p2 = .809), balance (F = 59.513, P = .000, eta p2 = .730), Illinois agility test (F = 143.243, P = .000, eta p2 = .867), and repeated sprint test (F = 140.986, P = .000, eta p2 = .865).Conclusion:The results of this study indicate that the AIR program is more effective in enhancing the biomotor skills of basketball players than other plyometric training programs. Based on these results, it is recommended that coaches who aim to develop training strategies to enhance athletic performance should consider incorporating an Air Alert program.Öğe Impact of Exercise on Psychological Well-Being in Patients with Pediatric Cancer: An Experimental Study(MDPI, 2025) Koç, Kenan; Arslan, Tuba; Pepe, Osman; Kaynak, Kerimhan; Yüce, Mustafa Soner; Dalbudak, İbrahim; Atar, ÖzdemirObjective: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of exercise on psychological disorders in patients receiving childhood cancer treatment. Methods: The study group consisted of patients with cancer between the ages of 9 and 17 who were treated in the Hematology-Oncology units of Erciyes University. For the sample group, children with cancer were informed about the content of the study, and 40 children with cancer agreed to participate in the study voluntarily. The volunteers were divided into two groups, control and experimental, each consisting of 20 people. For the pre-test, participants completed a socio-demographic information form, as well as the Kovacs Depression scale, Beck Anxiety Inventory, and the pediatric cancer quality of life scale for children. Volunteers in the experimental group engaged in aerobic and strength exercises for an eight-week period. The study was completed with 8 volunteers in the control group and 14 volunteers in the experimental group due to various factors, such as voluntary withdrawal, disease progression, and mortality. After this period, the volunteers were asked to complete the same scales once more as a post-test. The SPSS 22.00 statistical analysis program was used. The independent samples t-test was employed to compare the pre-test and post-test findings of the control and experimental groups, while the paired samples t-test was used for within-group evaluations. Results: In the within-group comparisons, significant differences were observed in favor of the post-test scores in the experimental group for both the anxiety scale (p < 0.05, Mean: 8.14) and the quality-of-life child form (p < 0.05, Mean: 38.14). For intergroup comparisons, significant differences were found in favor of the experimental group in terms of post-test scores of depression (p < 0.05, mean: 10.57) and anxiety scales (p < 0.05, mean: 8.14). Conclusions: It is postulated that this outcome stems from the positive effects of sports activities in helping children undergoing cancer treatment distance themselves from their psychological adversities.Öğe Investigation of the Effects of Air Alert III Exercises on Some Physical Parameters in Midi Girls Volleyball Players(Ataturk Univ, 2025) Açak, Mahmut; Şanal, Alperen; Altunhan, Abdullah; Açak, Muhammed ZahidThis study aims to examine the effect of modified Air Alert III exercises, a jump training program in basketball, on vertical jump, agility and balance performance in middle school female volleyball players. Sixteen 13-year-old female athletes, including 8 in the experimental group and 8 in the control group, participated after completing at least three years of regular volleyball training. The Air Alert III program applied to the experimental group includes exercises where the types and rest periods between sets remain constant, but the number of repetitions and sets reduced by 50%. The program continued for 15 weeks, while the control group maintained their regular training routine. Statistical analyses, performed using SPSS 25.0, show differences between the pre-test and post-test results of the groups, assessed using the Two-Way ANOVA. The significance level set at p<.01. When the values between the two groups were analyzed, significant differences were observed in the vertical jump, agility test, and left foot balance parameters between the Air Alert III group and the control group (p<.01). However, no significant difference was found in the right foot balance parameter (p>.01). These findings indicate that the Air Alert III program serves as an alternative training method for enhancing vertical jump, agility, and balance in volleyball players.Öğe Investigation of sleep quality and mental toughness levels of young soccer players in terms of chronotypes(Univ Physical Education Krakow, 2024) İlbak, İsmail; Açak, MahmutBacground: The purpose of this research was to determine whether there is a relation between chronotype type and factors known to have a great impact on sports performance such as sleep quality and mental toughness. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted using the questionnaire technique. The population of this research consisted of 8.952 soccer players while the sample size consisted of 370 soccer players, with a confidence level of 95%. In this study, the Turkish form of Morningness-Eveningness Stability Scale, Mental Toughness Scale, and Athlete Sleep Behavior Questionnaire-Turkish Version scales were used as data collection tools. Results: There was a positive and statistically significant relation between Morning-Type (M-Type) and Mental Toughness (p<.005). In terms of sleep behavior, a statistically significant relation was found between Evening-Type (E-Type) and sleep behavior (sport-related factors), between M-Type and Neither-Type (N-Type) and sleep behavior (sleep quality), between M-Type and sleep behavior (habitual sleep efficiency) (p<.005). Conclusions: Based on the data of this research, it was found that soccer players with M-Type had higher mental toughness than soccer players with E-Type and N-Type. Furthermore, it was concluded that soccer players had low sleep quality in terms of sleep habits. It was found that E-Type soccer players were affected by sport-related factors, M-Type soccer players were affected by habitual sleep efficiency factors, and M-Type and N-Type soccer players were affected by inefficient sleep factors.
