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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12428/2770

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Spor Lisesinde Okuyan Öğrencilerin Mutluluk ve Öz Yeterlilik Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi
(Kafkas Üniversitesi, 2023) Köroğlu, Mihraç; Abanoz, Hasan; Yentürk, Burcu; Öztürk Çelik, Ganime
Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate the happiness levels and self-efficacy levels of students studying at Batman Sports High School according to certain variables. Method: This research, which uses quantitative research methodology, is conducted in a survey model. The population and sample of this study consists of 266 students studying at Batman Sports High School. Oxford Happiness Scale, General Self-Efficacy Scale, and a personal information form were administered to the students. The data in the research were analyzed using independent samples t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for SPSS program. Results: Significant differences were observed between the happiness levels of students and the sub-dimensions of self-efficacy according to class variable, support of their families for engaging in sports, receiving support from school for sports, family's involvement in sports, and the type of competition they like the most. No significant differences were found between the students' gender, licensed sports branch, chosen sports branch, type of medal they received, and their happiness levels and self-efficacy levels. A significant difference was observed between the students' happiness levels and their variables related to winning cups or medals and participating in sports competitions, but there was no significant difference in their self-efficacy sub-dimensions. There is no significant difference between the students' perception of the adequacy of the school's sports facilities and their happiness levels. However, there is a significant difference between the students' perception of the adequacy of the school's sports facilities and the sub-dimensions of self-efficacy persistence/insistence and starting. Conclusion: Significant differences were found between the students' happiness levels and the sub-dimensions of self-efficacy according to class variable, support of their families for engaging in sports, receiving support from school for sports, family's involvement in sports, and the type of competition they like the most
The efficacy of Air Alert plyometric training program on enhancing biomotor skills in adolescent basketball players
(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2025) Yalçın, Onur; Açak, Mahmut; Kurtoğlu, Ahmet; Eken, Özgür; Bayer, Ramazan; Aldhahi, Monira I.
Background:Basketball is an important sport that utilizes a variety of biomotor skills. Diverse training programs are employed to enhance the biomotor attributes and elevate the performance levels of basketball players. Plyometric training (PT) is frequently used to improve athlete performance. However, different models of PT can yield varying effects on athletic performance.Methods:This study aimed to determine the impact of a PT program named Air Alert on athletes' biomotor skills. Twenty-four basketball players aged 15 to 16 years voluntarily participated in the study. The participants were randomly assigned to 2 groups: the Air Alert plyometric training group (AIR) (n = 12) and the plyometric training group (n = 12). The AIR was trained 3 days a week, while the plyometric training group was trained 2 days a week for 15 weeks. Pre- and posttest measurements of height (cm), body weight (kg), vertical jump, line agility, 20 m sprint, Illinois agility, repeated sprint, and flamingo balance tests were performed for all participants.Results:There were no significant differences in height (cm) (F = 1.035, P = .320, eta p2 = .045), weight (F = 1.735, P = .201, eta p2 = .073), and BMI measurements (F = 1.376, P = .253, eta p2 = .059) within and between groups. However, significant differences were observed between the groups in vertical jump (F = 14.343, P = .001, eta p2 = .395), line agility (F = 75.366, P = .000, eta p2 = .774), 20 m sprint (F = 93.001, P = .000, eta p2 = .809), balance (F = 59.513, P = .000, eta p2 = .730), Illinois agility test (F = 143.243, P = .000, eta p2 = .867), and repeated sprint test (F = 140.986, P = .000, eta p2 = .865).Conclusion:The results of this study indicate that the AIR program is more effective in enhancing the biomotor skills of basketball players than other plyometric training programs. Based on these results, it is recommended that coaches who aim to develop training strategies to enhance athletic performance should consider incorporating an Air Alert program.
Impact of Exercise on Psychological Well-Being in Patients with Pediatric Cancer: An Experimental Study
(MDPI, 2025) Koç, Kenan; Arslan, Tuba; Pepe, Osman; Kaynak, Kerimhan; Yüce, Mustafa Soner; Dalbudak, İbrahim; Atar, Özdemir
Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of exercise on psychological disorders in patients receiving childhood cancer treatment. Methods: The study group consisted of patients with cancer between the ages of 9 and 17 who were treated in the Hematology-Oncology units of Erciyes University. For the sample group, children with cancer were informed about the content of the study, and 40 children with cancer agreed to participate in the study voluntarily. The volunteers were divided into two groups, control and experimental, each consisting of 20 people. For the pre-test, participants completed a socio-demographic information form, as well as the Kovacs Depression scale, Beck Anxiety Inventory, and the pediatric cancer quality of life scale for children. Volunteers in the experimental group engaged in aerobic and strength exercises for an eight-week period. The study was completed with 8 volunteers in the control group and 14 volunteers in the experimental group due to various factors, such as voluntary withdrawal, disease progression, and mortality. After this period, the volunteers were asked to complete the same scales once more as a post-test. The SPSS 22.00 statistical analysis program was used. The independent samples t-test was employed to compare the pre-test and post-test findings of the control and experimental groups, while the paired samples t-test was used for within-group evaluations. Results: In the within-group comparisons, significant differences were observed in favor of the post-test scores in the experimental group for both the anxiety scale (p < 0.05, Mean: 8.14) and the quality-of-life child form (p < 0.05, Mean: 38.14). For intergroup comparisons, significant differences were found in favor of the experimental group in terms of post-test scores of depression (p < 0.05, mean: 10.57) and anxiety scales (p < 0.05, mean: 8.14). Conclusions: It is postulated that this outcome stems from the positive effects of sports activities in helping children undergoing cancer treatment distance themselves from their psychological adversities.
Investigation of sleep quality and mental toughness levels of young soccer players in terms of chronotypes
(Univ Physical Education Krakow, 2024) İlbak, İsmail; Açak, Mahmut
Bacground: The purpose of this research was to determine whether there is a relation between chronotype type and factors known to have a great impact on sports performance such as sleep quality and mental toughness. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted using the questionnaire technique. The population of this research consisted of 8.952 soccer players while the sample size consisted of 370 soccer players, with a confidence level of 95%. In this study, the Turkish form of Morningness-Eveningness Stability Scale, Mental Toughness Scale, and Athlete Sleep Behavior Questionnaire-Turkish Version scales were used as data collection tools. Results: There was a positive and statistically significant relation between Morning-Type (M-Type) and Mental Toughness (p<.005). In terms of sleep behavior, a statistically significant relation was found between Evening-Type (E-Type) and sleep behavior (sport-related factors), between M-Type and Neither-Type (N-Type) and sleep behavior (sleep quality), between M-Type and sleep behavior (habitual sleep efficiency) (p<.005). Conclusions: Based on the data of this research, it was found that soccer players with M-Type had higher mental toughness than soccer players with E-Type and N-Type. Furthermore, it was concluded that soccer players had low sleep quality in terms of sleep habits. It was found that E-Type soccer players were affected by sport-related factors, M-Type soccer players were affected by habitual sleep efficiency factors, and M-Type and N-Type soccer players were affected by inefficient sleep factors.
Investigation of the Effects of Air Alert III Exercises on Some Physical Parameters in Midi Girls Volleyball Players
(Ataturk Univ, 2025) Açak, Mahmut; Şanal, Alperen; Altunhan, Abdullah; Açak, Muhammed Zahid
This study aims to examine the effect of modified Air Alert III exercises, a jump training program in basketball, on vertical jump, agility and balance performance in middle school female volleyball players. Sixteen 13-year-old female athletes, including 8 in the experimental group and 8 in the control group, participated after completing at least three years of regular volleyball training. The Air Alert III program applied to the experimental group includes exercises where the types and rest periods between sets remain constant, but the number of repetitions and sets reduced by 50%. The program continued for 15 weeks, while the control group maintained their regular training routine. Statistical analyses, performed using SPSS 25.0, show differences between the pre-test and post-test results of the groups, assessed using the Two-Way ANOVA. The significance level set at p<.01. When the values between the two groups were analyzed, significant differences were observed in the vertical jump, agility test, and left foot balance parameters between the Air Alert III group and the control group (p<.01). However, no significant difference was found in the right foot balance parameter (p>.01). These findings indicate that the Air Alert III program serves as an alternative training method for enhancing vertical jump, agility, and balance in volleyball players.
The effects of combined training on tennis-specific performance in young tennis players
(2024) Kurttekin, Osman; Şahin, Gülşah
Tennis players engage in strength training to improve their tennis-specific skills and reduce the risk of injury during matches. However, this approach may not adequately develop tennis-specific skills and could potentially increase the risk of injury among young players. There is a need to examine new methods that will both support technical development and be easily tolerated by young tennis players. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of tennis training combined with core exercises on the tennis-specific skills of young tennis players. Twenty young tennis players participated in this study. They were divided into two groups: the training group (n=10, age 14.30 years) and the control group (n=10, age 14.00 years). The training group (TRAIN) participated in a combined training program of core stability and tennis training, while control group (CONT) participated in tennis training program. Both groups trained for three sessions per week over eight weeks. Tennis performance was assessed at the baseline and after eight weeks. Forehand and backhand depth (p=0.005; ES=0.25), volley (p=0.009; ES=0.33), forehand and backhand accuracy (p=0.007; ES=1.39) and service performance (p=0.021; ES=1.78) improved significantly after training program in TRAIN group (p < 0.05). The changes in volley, forehand and backhand accuracy, service test scores were not significant after training program in CONT group (p > 0.05). The combined training program, utilizing portable and lightweight equipment near the training court, has been shown to effectively enhance tennis-specific performance. This model demonstrates significant benefits for the development of tennis-related skills.
Basketbolda Top Hakimiyeti Antrenmanlarının Purdue Pegboard El Fonksiyon Testi ile El Becerisi Üzerine Etkisinin İncelenmesi
(2025) Uslular, Aşina; Şentürk, Aydın; Demir, Erdal; Ustalar Sürmeli, Ayşe; Kaya, Kübra; Bilgen, Hakan; Özmusul, Yunus
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı basketbol antrenmanlarında kullanılan top hakimiyeti hareketlerinin el becerisi üzerine etkisini araştırmak. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışma 30 deney (Kadın: 13,20±0,94 yıl; 154,47±10,46 cm; 52,20±7,31 kg. Erkek: 13,07±0,79 yıl; 156,73±6,76 cm; 57,09±9,03 kg) ve 30 kontrol (Kadın: 13,40±0,82 yıl; 153,93±7,31 cm; 56,80±8,25 kg. Erkek: 12,73±0,88 yıl; 154,80±7,89 cm; 55,40±7,35 kg) olmak üzere ikiye ayrılmıştır. Deney grubuna 6 hafta boyunca haftada 3 gün top hakimiyeti antrenmanları uygulanmıştır. Çalışma öncesi ve sonrasında Purdue Pegbo- ard Testi (PPT) ile ölçüm alınmıştır. Bulgular: Deney ve kontrol grubunun PPT toplam skor puanları arasında anlamlı fark bulundu (öncesi p=0,748; sonrası p=0,000). Deney grubu kadın (p=0,000) ve erkek (p=0,000) katı- lımcıların toplam skor puanları arasında anlamlı fark olduğu bulundu. Kont- rol grubundaki kadın (p=0,629) ve erkek (p=0,424) katılımcıların toplam skor puanlarında anlamlı fark olmadığını görüldü. Deney grubu kadın katı- lımcıların sağ el (p=0,000), sol el (p=0,000) ve bilateral el (p=0,014) ve erkek katılımcıların sağ el (p=0,001) ve sol el (p=0,000) sonuçları arasında anlamlı fark bulunurken; bilateral el (p=0,061) sonuçları arasında anlamlı fark olmadığı bulundu. Deney grubundaki katılımcıların sağ el öncesi (p=0,709) ve sonrası (p=0,237), sol el öncesi (p=0,479) ve sonrası (p=0,324), bilateral el öncesi (p=1,000) ve sonrası (p=471) puanları arasında fark olmadığı görüldü. Sonuç: Deney ve kontrol grubu arasında toplam skorlarında anlamlı fark olduğu bulundu. Deney grubu kadın katılımcıların toplam skor puanları ve erkek katılımcıların toplam skor puanları arasında anlamlı fark olduğu bulundu. Deney grubundaki kadın ve erkek katılımcı- ların sağ, sol ve bilateral el puanları arasında anlamlı fark olmadığı görüldü. Uygulanan top hakimiyeti antrenman programının kadın ve erkek basket- bolcuların el becerilerini geliştirdiği gözlemlendi.
Validity-reliability of the e-Healthy Diet Literacy Scale in Turkish adults
(Gdansk Univ Physical Education & Sport, 2023) Karahan Yılmaz, Sevil; Eskici, Günay; Saraç, Osman Emir
Introduction: This study aims to establish the validity-reliability of the Turkish version of adult e-Healthy Diet Literacy Scale and to determine its relationship with the Health Literacy Instrument Scale (short-form), the Digital Healthy Diet Literacy Scale, and participants' characteristics. Material and Methods: Drawing on a methodological and descriptive design, this research was performed in two steps. It was conducted with 240 participants in the first step and 879 participants in the second step. The participants filled out the eHealthy Diet Literacy Scale, Health Literacy Instrument Scale (short-form), and Digital Healthy Diet Literacy Scale. The questionnaire form was sent to the participants online. Results: Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the 11-item e-Healthy Diet Literacy scale was found to be 0.555. There was a significant relationship between the Health Literacy Instrument Scale (short-Form) and age groups, educational level, occupations, marital status, BMI, weekly physical activity and chronic disease status. Conclusions: This study evaluated the Turkish validity and reliability of the e-HDL, which was originally designed in Taiwan as a valid and reliable tool to evaluate the individuals' ability to access, understand, appraise, and apply healthy diet information.
Examining the relationship between balance, flexibility and power in fences
(Univ Oriente, Santiago De Cuba, 2024) Aksoy, Duygu; Ülkü, İpek İrem; Baydemir, Barış
The purpose of the present study was to examine the relations between balance, flexibility, and standing long jump performances of 10-13-year -old fencing athletes. A total of 20 male fencers participated in the study voluntarily. The Flamingo Balance Test, Sit -Reach Test, and Standing Long Jump Test were applied in the study to determine the performance of fencers. The SPSS Package Program was used for the analysis of the data obtained in the study. As well as the values obtained as a result of the Shapiro-Wilk Test, it was investigated whether the data showed normal distribution with Q-Q Plots and histogram graphs and it was determined that they were not normally distributed. For this reason, the Spearman Correlation Analysis was performed to determine the relations between the performance values of the athletes. The significance level was taken as p<0.05. As a result of the study, it was found that there were negative relations between balance and flexibility performances in fencing athletes. balance and standing long jump performances in fencing athletes; however, no relation was detected between flexibility and standing long jump performances.
Development of the Effect of Video Assistant Referee Application on Football Parameters
(Mdpi, 2022) Büyükçelebi, Hakan; Düz, Serkan; Açak, Mahmut; Nalbant, Umut; Svatora, Karel; Gabrys, Tomasz; Karayiğit, Raci
The Video Assistant Referee (VAR) application is a technological development that gives referees the chance to review their critical decisions. The current study aimed to determine the effect of the VAR system in international football organizations on the game over the years. The sample of the study consists of 115 football matches, specifically 64 matches played in the 2018 FIFA World Cup and 51 matches played in the 2020 European Football Championship. In the competitions handled, the number of goals, the number of yellow cards, the number of red cards, the first half time, the second half time, the total match time, the number of penalties and the number of offsides were examined. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare two independent groups. As a result, in the 2020 European Football Championship, there was a decrease in the second half time (p = 0.01) and total match time (p = 0.01), and a significant increase in the number of offsides (p = 0.03) compared to the 2018 FIFA World Cup. On the other hand, there was no significant difference between the two tournaments in the variables of number of goals, number of yellow cards, number of red cards, half time and penalty shootout (p > 0.05). In light of the data obtained, it can be said that the effect of the VAR system on the spirit of the game will decrease as the share of the VAR system in the pauses during the competition decreases over the years. The data revealed in the study may be a clue to explaining why the effect of the VAR system on game dynamics and game spirit has decreased over the years. Therefore, the concerns of football stakeholders about the effects of the system on the game may gradually decrease with the arrangements made for VAR.
Changes in Defensive Variables Determining Success in the NBA over the Last 10 Years
(Mdpi, 2024) Büyükçelebi, Hakan; Şahin, Fatma Neşe; Açak, Mahmut; Uysal, Hüseyin Şahin; Sarı, Cengizhan; Erkan, Dilara; Yatak, Semra
This study aimed to determine changes in defensive strategies over the past decade in the National Basketball Association (NBA) and identify the most crucial factors for winning games. The study analyzed all games where the 30 NBA teams played over 11 seasons (13,530 games) and created outcome statistics based on win-loss records. Five defensive variables (OREB [offensive rebound], DREB [defensive rebound], TREB [total rebound], ST [steal] and BLK [block]) were compared, revealing that OREB (p < 0.03), DREB (p < 0.001), TREB (p < 0.001), ST (p < 0.001) and BLK (p < 0.001) occur significantly in winning teams. Also, it has been observed that the changes over the years in the variables OREB (p < 0.01), DREB (p < 0.01), TREB (p < 0.01) and ST (p < 0.01) are statistically significant. However, there was no significant difference in the BLK variable over the years (p = 0.24). The impact of defensive variables on winning and their factor loadings are as follows: DREB (lambda = 0.50), ST (lambda = 0.15), TREB (lambda = 0.10), BLK (lambda = 0.08) and OREB (lambda = 0.06). Coaches can use these findings on defensive variables to strategize and counter opponents during games.
The relationship of pre-racing food restrictions and gastrointestinal symptoms in master athletes
(Universidad Antioquia, 2023) Saraç, Osman Emir; Eskici, Günay
Objective: to evaluate the relationship between food restriction and gastrointestinal symptoms in master athletes. Method: totally, 246 master athletes (185 men, 61 women) who participated in training and racing at 5, 6-10 and 11-21km, marathon, and ultra-marathon took part in this research. To determine the relationship between food restrictions and gastrointestinal symptoms of master athletes, this research drew on the Food Restriction in Running Questionnaire which was developed by Parnell et al. (2019). The Fisher's exact test determined significant differences between groups (gender, race distance, performance level) in the percent of master athletes who avoided pre-racing foods and experienced gastrointestinal symptoms. In all statistical analyzes, the level of statistical significance was set at p<0,05. Results: the most restricted foods pre-racing included high-fat foods (79%), junk foods (63%), spicy foods (58%), milk (54%) and red meat (44%). This study concluded that the most common gastrointestinal symptoms experienced during racing were gas (51%), stomach pain/cramp (43%), intestinal problems (pain) (42%), reflux/heartburn (39%) and nausea/vomiting (39%). On the gastrointestinal symptoms by gender, significant differences were found in constipation, gas, fullness/heaviness and burping, which were more commonly observed in the female athletes (p<0,05). This study also revealed that intestinal problems (pain) and gas increased with race distance and performance level (p<0,05). Conclusion: increasing the race distance and performance level increased the food restriction rates and incidence of gastrointestinal symptoms in master athletes. Furthermore, food restriction and the incidence of gastrointestinal symptoms were observed more in the female athletes.
Exploring the impact of colostrum supplementation on athletes: a comprehensive analysis of clinical trials and diverse properties
(Frontiers Media Sa, 2024) Yalçıntaş, Yalçın Mert; Baydemir, Barış; Duman, Hatice; Eker, Furkan; Bayraktar Biçen, Ayşe; Ertürk, Melih; Karav, Sercan
Colostrum, an invaluable food produced by mammals during the postnatal period, contains important bioactive components. It is a valuable therapeutic substance that can be used to treat a variety of disorders, in addition to its primary function of providing passive immunity to newborns. Undoubtedly, a strong dedication to intense effort and demanding training schedules is necessary to succeed in today's sports environment. Peak physical fitness, strategic skill development, and mental toughness are highly valued in the environments in which athletes compete. However, the inherent difficulties brought about by athletes' intense schedules are matched with the demanding character of modern sports. The intensity of athletic activity frequently provides little time for sufficient relaxation, nutritional preparation, and overall recovery, which can contribute to mental and physical tiredness. Athletes need to develop all-encompassing strategies to overcome these obstacles. These strategies should prioritize self-care and recovery in addition to maximizing training efficiency. The bioactive components of colostrum bring forth various therapeutic effects against the challenges experienced by athletes; including diarrhea, upper respiratory tract infections, muscle injuries, intestinal disorders, etc. This review examined the different therapeutic effects of the bioactive components of colostrum on athletes, the effect of the use of colostrum as a whole on the performance of athletes, and the clinical research conducted in this field. While the majority of studies report positive effects of colostrum, further research is needed.
Comparative analysis of hematological parameters in well-trained athletes and untrained men
(Kharkov National Pedagogical University, 2018) Koç, Hürmüz; Özen, Gökmen; Abanoz, Hasan; Pulur, A.
Purpose: The purpose of current study was to investigate the hematology parameters of male athletes who had exercised regularly for five years and sedentary male university students. Material: The sample consisted of 18 well-trained and 18 sedentary male university students aged between 20 and 22 years old. The peripheral fasting blood samples were collected from each participant. Laboratory analysis was made to determine the red and white blood cells counts and their concentration percentage. Results: The means of white blood cell, lymphocyte, monocyte counts, and lymphocyte and monocyte percentages were significantly lower in the well-trained group while the means of hemoglobin count, mean cell hemoglobin, red blood cell distribution width were significantly lower in sedentary group (p > .05). However, no statistically significant difference between groups was found in red blood cell counts, granulocyte counts, and granulocyte percentages (p > .05). Conclusions: Our findings show that athletes participating in the long-term regular exercise have the high level of the concentration of red blood cells subtypes and the low level of the concentration of white blood cells subtypes when compared to their sedentary peers. Because their hematologic values remain within the reference range for healthy people, these differences do not pose any serious clinical problems for athletes. The high RBC and low WBC subtypes values of athletes may be explained by chronic adaptation to long-term exercise.
The impact of existing and modify wrestling shoes on foot posture deformities in 12-13 years old athletes
(Iermakov S S, 2022) Coşkuner, Zeki; Açak, Mahmut; Büyükçelebi, Hakan; Özen, Gökmen; Kurak, Kemal
Background and Study Aim In the early years when sports footwear became compulsory, the importance of shoe design was not considered in terms of athletes' health. Since the early years of wrestling shoe use, these gears have been manufactured according to the rules of competition, and modifications have been very limited. In this regard, this study aims to determine the effect of existing wrestling shoes on foot deformation. Material and Methods The study was carried out with the participation of 108 young male athletes who had the same training on the same ground for three years in the Wrestling Training Center. The athletes were divided into two groups, an experimental and a control group. While the control group wore wrestling shoes produced by widely used brands, the experimental group wore newly designed wrestling shoes. Foot arch values and images of both groups were determined using a podoscope device at the beginning and end of the study. The evaluations were made according to the Staheli arch index. Results The results of the statistical analysis revealed that differences were found in the footprint measurement values of the control group. It was determined that this difference in the footprints was greater among the freestyle wrestlers. The decrease in the averages between the first and second measurement values of the group using the newly designed wrestling shoes was found to be highly positive and in a linear direction. Also, it was determined that the pain score values of the control group were higher than the scores of the experimental group after training. Conclusions The results revealed that there were deformations in the feet of the control group wrestlers wearing available wrestling shoes. It was observed that freestyle wrestling athletes had more deformation than Greco-Roman style wrestlers, and leg pains were more prevalent after training and competitions. Based on these results, it was concluded that the design of wrestling shoes produced with today's technology needs to be redesigned.
The Effect of Electrical Muscle Stimulation (EMS) Enhanced Schroth Method Training on Cobb Angle and Quality of Life in Patients with Scoliosis
(Lahore Medical Research Center Llp, 2022) Kurak, Kemal; Altunhan, Abdullah; Açak, Mahmut; Korkmaz, Mehmet Fatih; Düz, Serkan
Aim: Different treatment models are applied in cases that affect the quality of life of individuals with scoliosis. It has been stated that exercise applications, especially used in addition to physical therapy, are effective in the treatment process of patients with scoliosis. In recent years, Electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) has been used to increase the performance of athletes. Accordingly, this study was planned to examine the effect of Electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) application on scoliosis cobb angle and quality of life in patients with scoliosis. Methods: Twenty-four female scoliosis patients with scoliosis Cobb angle between 250 and 400 in the thoracic region between the ages of 14-26 participated in the study. The patients participating in the study were divided into three different groups as EMS Schroth exercise group (EMSS=8), Schroth exercise group (SE=8) and control group (CG=8). In addition, height, body weight, body mass index (BMI), Cobb angle measurements were taken for each group before and after the study. Scoliosis Research Society 22 scale (SRS-22) was used for these measurements. SPSS 25 statistical package program was used to evaluate the data. Since the data were not normally distributed, Mann Whitney U-test was used for pairwise comparisons. Kruskal Wallis H-tests were used to compare more than two groups. The level of significance was accepted as P<0.05 in the evaluations. Results: It was determined that there was no statistically significant difference between the age, weight, height and BMI of the EMSS, SE and CG participants and it was found that the EMSS cobb angle decreased statistically. Also, it was stated that there was a stable and very slight decrease in the SE cobb angle. It was determined that there was a statistically significant difference in the negative direction in the CG cobb angle. It was determined that there was a significant change in SRS-22 scale values in all sub-dimensions of EMSS and SE, and there was no statistically significant difference in the pre-test and post-test mean scores of the other sub dimensions except the pain sub-dimension of the CG scale. Conclusion: EMS exercises will save time in terms of faster recovery of patients in the treatment of scoliosis. Besides, it will be very beneficial in terms of time and cost by shortening the rehabilitation period of athletes after sports injuries.
Sporcularda Mental Yorgunluk Bilişsel Performans ve Beslenme Stratejileri: Geleneksel Derleme
(Türkiye Klinikleri Yayınevi, 2023) Saraç, Osman Emir; Eskici, Günay
Sporcularda bilişsel fonksiyon ve mental yorgunluk kavramı, spor performansında önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Beyin fonksiyonunun beslenme ve diyet faktörlerinden etkilendiği düşünüldüğünde, beslenme uygulamalarının mental yorgunlukla başa çıkmada, sporcular için önemli bir çözüm olabileceği düşünülmektedir. Bu derlemede, sporcularda bilişsel performansı ve mental yorgunluğa karşı direnci geliştirmek için uygulanan beslenme stratejilerinin bilimsel kanıtları gözden geçirilmiştir. Karbonhidrat ve kafein, bilişsel fonksiyon ve mental yorgunlukta sporcular için en fazla sayıda raporun yayımlandığı besin ögeleri/bileşenleridir. Bulgular, bozulmuş bilişsel işlev durumları ve mental yorgunluk için karbonhidrat ve kafe in alımının performansa olumlu etkileri olduğunu göstermiştir. Ancak güvenilir ve tutarlı faydaları ortaya koymak için gereken karbonhidrat ve kafein alımının optimal dozunu ve zamanlamasını belirlemek gerekmektedir. Omega-3 takviyesi ile hidrasyon durumunun mental yorgunluğu önlemede fay- dalı olabileceğine dair kanıtlar mevcuttur. dallı zincirli amino asitler [branched-chain amino acid (BCAA)], tirozin ve kreatin ile ilgili olarak bazı potansiyel fayda mekanizmalarına rağmen bulguların çelişkili olduğu görülmektedir. BCAA ve tirozinin, özellikle sporcularla yapılan çalışmalarda son yıllarda çok sınırlı olduğu da göze çarpmıştır. Polifenollerin sporcuların bilişsel fonksiyon ve mental yorgunluğuna etkisine yönelik sonuçlar değişkenlik göstermesine karşın, bilişsel performansta açık ve orta derecede bir iyileşme ile ilişkili olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak bilişsel fonksiyonun gelişimi ve mental yorgunluğu önlemede kanıtları güçlendirmek için farklı sporcu gruplarıyla bilişsel ve fizyolojik ölçümleri birleştiren tutarlı ve güvenilir sonuçlara dayalı bilimsel çalışmaların yapılmasına ihtiyaç vardır.
Effect of short-term Pilates exercses on bone mineral density and physical performance in older women
(2023) Bayram, Kadriye Sevilay; Şahin, Gülşah; Zateri, Çoşkun; Coşkun, Ali
Objective: Although high-stress exercises on the bone have been emphasized in previous research on BMD, high intensity exercises may increase the risk of injury in inexperienced older women. Also, these exercises are not recommended due to risk of injury or other problems in fragile older adults. Due to the fact that it is one of the most preferred methods by postmenopausal women, our study focused on the effects of the Pilates method on bone mineral density. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of short-term Pilates exercise on bone mineral density and physical performance in older women. Methods: Twenty-three older women were voluntarily involved in this research (Pilates group, n=13, and control group, n=10). The Pilates group participated in Pilates exercise for 12 weeks, two days per week. Bone mineral density and physical performance were evaluated. The prospective case-control, pre- and post-test study was conducted at the Çanakkale University Hospital. All measurements were repeated following three-months. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare groups, and the Wilcoxon test was used to assess differences between pre- and post-exercise measurements for each group. Results: After three-months, there was an increase in physical performance scores in the Pilates group (p=0.013). Although there was an improvement in bone mineral density of older women in the Pilates group, it was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Conclusion: It is possible to say that "short-term Pilates exercise does not produce a resistance training effect on bone mineral density of postmenopausal women". However, Pilates is effective for improving physical performance in older women.
YÜKSEK ŞİDDETLİ İNTERVAL ANTRENMANIN METABOLİK SENDROM ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ
(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2023) Çelenk Durgut, Büke; Eskici, Günay
Metabolik sendrom (MetS); insülin direnci, abdominal obezite, hiperlipidemi ve hipertansiyon ile karakterize bir durumdur. Metabolik sendromlu bireyler; diyabet açısından 2 kat ve kardiyovasküler hastalık açısından 5 kat artmış risk ile ilişkilendirilmiştir. Modern toplumların en büyük problemlerinden biri olan sedanter yaşam tarzı, birçok hastalık için risk faktörüdür. Fiziksel aktivite ve egzersiz yapmamak için farklı sebepler bulunsa da, en büyük engel genellikle zaman eksikliğidir. Daha kısa egzersiz ve dinlenme süreleriyle uygulanan antrenman programları, yeni bir yaklaşım sunmaktadır. Yüksek Şiddetli İnterval Antrenman (High Intensity Interval Training-HIIT), aralarına düşük yoğunluklu toparlanma periyotları serpiştirilmiş kısa aralıklı şiddetli egzersiz patlamaları ile karakterizedir. Bireysel ihtiyaçlara göre uyarlanan HIIT, çoğu egzersiz ortamında kullanılabilen egzersiz reçetelerini kapsar. Bu uyum yeteneği, HIIT'i kronik hastalığı olan kişilerin egzersiz programlamasında önemli bir araç haline getirmiştir. HIIT antrenmanları da MetS’li bireylerde sağlığı geliştirmiş, komplikasyonları azaltmıştır. MetS’li kişilerde HIIT her konuda Orta Şiddette Sürekli Devam Eden Antrenman (Moderate Intensity Continuous Training-MICT)’dan üstün bulunmamış ancak sağlığa benzer faydalar sağladığı belirlenmiştir. HIIT zaman tasarrufu açısından MICT’e göre avantajlıdır. Modern toplumlarda en önemli eksikliğin zaman olduğu düşünülürse HIIT bu yönüyle ön plana çıkar. HIIT’in kontraendike olduğu (kontrol altına alınamayan kardiyovasküler hastalık vb.) veya yapılamadığı dönemlerde MICT tercih edilebilir ve sağlığı iyileştirici benzer etkiler gösterir. HIIT antrenmanları klinik popülasyonda dikkatle reçetelendirilmeli ve kesinlikle bireye özgü olmalıdır. Bu konudaki hassasiyet çok önemlidir. İlerleyen çalışmalarda klinik popülasyonlara yönelik kılavuzlar oluşturulmalı ve HIIT’in uzun süreli etkileri geniş kitlelerde araştırılmalıdır.
Sporcularda Kaslı Olma Dürtüsü ve Yeme Tutumu ile İlişkisinin Değerlendirilmesi
(Manisa Celal Bayar Üniversitesi, 2023) Yarar, Hakan; Fidan, Murat; Yılmaz, Sevil Karahan; Saraç, Osman Emir; Eskici, Günay
Yapılan bu çalışmanın amacı; kaslı olma dürtüsü (KOD) ve yeme tutumu ilişkisinin incelenmesidir. Çalışmaya çeşitli spor branşlarında aktif olarak spor yapan gönüllü 397 erkek sporcu katılmıştır. Çalışmada kapsamında verileri elde etmek amacıyla “Kaslı Olma Dürtüsü Ölçeği ve “Yeme Tutumu Testi (YTT-40)” kullanılmıştır. Sporcuların KOD toplam ve alt boyutlarından (Kaslı Olmaya Yönelik Tutumlar (KOYT), Kaslı Olmaya Yönelik Antrenman Davranışları (KOYAD), Kaslı Olmaya Yönelik Yeme ve Takviye Kullanımı, KOYYTK) elde edilen puanların ortalaması sırasıyla 41,9±12,6, 22,1±7,7, 11,3±4,3, 8,5±3,9 ve YTT-40 puan ortalaması ise 16,5±10,4 bulunmuştur. KOD toplam puanının KOYAD (0.382) ve KOYYTK (0.336) ile orta düzeyde; YTT-40 (0.162) ile zayıf düzeyde ve spor yapılan süre (0.347) ile negatif zayıf yönde ilişkiye sahip olduğu, YTT-40 puanının KOYAD (0.356) ile orta düzeyde; KOYT (0.267), KOD (0.162) ve KOYYTK (0.148) ile zayıf düzeyde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ilişkiye sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sporcuların eğitim düzeyi ile KOYT, KOD toplam ve YTT-40 toplam puan ortalamaları arasında anlamlı ilişki olduğu (p<0.05) ve farklılığı lise ve öncesi eğitim düzeyine sahip sporcuların oluşturduğu tespit edilmiştir. İlgilenilen spor branşı açısından KOYAD, KOYYTK ve YTT-40 toplam puan ortalamaları arasında anlamlı ilişki olduğu ve farklılığı kuvvet-güç sporcularının oluşturduğu belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, sporcularda kaslı olma dürtüsünün orta düzeyde olduğu, bu farklılığın en çok kuvvet-güç sporcuları ile lise ve öncesi eğitim düzeyine sahip sporcularda olduğu belirlenmiştir. Kaslı olma dürtüsünün artması yeme bozukluğunu artırmaktadır.

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