Mechanistic insights into postbiotics as therapeutic agents in type 2 diabetes management

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dc.authorid0000-0003-4056-1673
dc.authorid0009-0004-9183-244X
dc.contributor.authorEbadpour, Negar
dc.contributor.authorFaraji, Navid
dc.contributor.authorAbavisani, Mohammad
dc.contributor.authorKarav, Sercan
dc.contributor.authorSahebkar, Amirhossein
dc.date.accessioned2026-02-03T12:03:08Z
dc.date.available2026-02-03T12:03:08Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.departmentÇanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractThe rising prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) alongside its associated morbidity and complications underscores the need for adjunctive therapies beyond glycemic control and lifestyle modification. Emerging evidence implicates gut microbiota-derived metabolites in the modulation of host energy homeostasis. One of these metabolites, postbiotics-the bioactive substances created during the fermentation of probiotics-have now become a promising therapeutic. Postbiotics, which contain short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), exopolysaccharides (EPS), peptidoglycans, bacteriocins, vitamins, and neurotransmitters, have numerous mechanisms that regulate glucometabolism, improve insulin sensitivity, and are able to attenuate systemic inflammation. These compounds are able to regulate insulin receptor signaling and hepatic glucose production by modulating such key metabolic pathways as glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. Based on the previous preclinical and clinical evidence, postbiotic compounds exhibit mechanistic plausibility as adjunct therapies for T2DM. However, due to heterogeneity in patient microbiomes and a lack of standardized formulations that limit current applicability, further investigations are required. Future investigations should focus on dose-finding, long-term safety, and stratification of responders based on microbial and metabolic phenotypes. This review explores the role of postbiotics in T2DM from a mechanistic point of view, highlights their clinical significance in T2DM management, and discusses the next avenue to improve the therapeutic approaches.
dc.identifier.doi10.1007/s00210-025-04456-6
dc.identifier.endpage17014
dc.identifier.issn0028-1298
dc.identifier.issn1432-1912
dc.identifier.issue12
dc.identifier.pmid40736539
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105012262968
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ2
dc.identifier.startpage16999
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1007/s00210-025-04456-6
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12428/34982
dc.identifier.volume398
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001540392000001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ2
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMed
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherSpringer
dc.relation.ispartofNaunyn-Schmiedebergs Archives of Pharmacology
dc.relation.publicationcategoryDiğer
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.snmzKA_WOS_20260130
dc.subjectDiabetes mellitus, type 2
dc.subjectGastrointestinal microbiome
dc.subjectGlucose metabolism disorders
dc.subjectInsulin resistance
dc.subjectMetabolic networks and pathways
dc.titleMechanistic insights into postbiotics as therapeutic agents in type 2 diabetes management
dc.typeReview

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