Alien species in the Mediterranean Sea by 2012. A contribution to the application of European Union's Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). Part 2. Introduction trends and pathways

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dc.authoridGofas, Serge Salvator/0000-0002-3141-3700
dc.authoridMineur, Frederic/0000-0001-7779-5903
dc.authoridHyams, Orit/0000-0002-9320-818X
dc.authoridBianchi, Carlo Nike/0000-0003-1071-3285
dc.authoridAlmogi-Labin, Ahuva/0000-0002-4082-7120
dc.authoridGravili, Cinzia/0000-0001-8412-4390
dc.authoridKatsanevakis, Stelios/0000-0002-5137-7540
dc.contributor.authorZenetos, A.
dc.contributor.authorGofas, S.
dc.contributor.authorMorri, C.
dc.contributor.authorRosso, A.
dc.contributor.authorViolanti, D.
dc.contributor.authorGarcia Raso, J. E.
dc.contributor.authorCinar, M. E.
dc.date.accessioned2025-01-27T20:11:40Z
dc.date.available2025-01-27T20:11:40Z
dc.date.issued2012
dc.departmentÇanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractMore than 60 marine non-indigenous species (NIS) have been removed from previous lists and 84 species have been added, bringing the total to 986 alien species in the Mediterranean [(775 in the eastern Mediterranean (EMED), 249 in the central Mediterranean (CMED), 190 in the Adriatic Sea (ADRIA) and 308 in the western Mediterranean (WMED)]. There were 48 new entries since 2011 which can be interpreted as approximately one new entry every two weeks. The number of alien species continues to increase, by 2-3 species per year for macrophytes, molluscs and polychaetes, 3-4 species per year for crustaceans, and 6 species per year for fish. The dominant group among alien species is molluscs (with 215 species), followed by crustaceans (159) and polychaetes (132). Macrophytes are the leading group of NIS in the ADRIA and the WMED, reaching 26-30% of all aliens, whereas in the EMED they barely constitute 10% of the introductions. In the EMED, molluscs are the most species-rich group, followed by crustaceans, fish and polychaetes. More than half (54%) of the marine alien species in the Mediterranean were probably introduced by corridors (mainly Suez). Shipping is blamed directly for the introduction of only 12 species, whereas it is assumed to be the most likely pathway of introduction (via ballasts or fouling) of another 300 species. For approximately 100 species shipping is a probable pathway along with the Suez Canal and/or aquaculture. Approximately 20 species have been introduced with certainty via aquaculture, while >50 species (mostly macroalgae), occurring in the vicinity of oyster farms, are assumed to be introduced accidentally as contaminants of imported species. A total of 18 species are assumed to have been introduced by the aquarium trade. Lessepsian species decline westwards, while the reverse pattern is evident for ship-mediated species and for those introduced with aquaculture. There is an increasing trend in new introductions via the Suez Canal and via shipping.
dc.description.sponsorshipEuropean Community [287600]; Regional Activity Centre for Specially Protected Areas of the UNEP/ Mediterranean Action Plan [67 /2011/RAC/RPA, 68 /2011/RAC/RPA, 69 /2011/RAC/RPA, 70 /2011/RAC/RPA, 71 /2011/RAC/RPA]
dc.description.sponsorshipThe authors would like to thank G. Minos, P. Psomadakis, and D. Golani, for commenting on the nomenclature, distribution and establishment success of the fish and the anonymous reviewers whose comments substantially improved the quality of the manuscript. Sincere thanks are due to Mr N.J. Xentidis for preparing the figures. The research leading to these results was partly supported by funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme ([FP7/2007-2013]) under grant agreement no 287600 - PERSEUS project (Policy-oriented marine Environmental Research for the Southern European Seas). MAMIAS has been developed for the Regional Activity Centre for Specially Protected Areas of the UNEP/ Mediterranean Action Plan under contracts No 67, 68, 69, 70 and 71 /2011/RAC/RPA.
dc.identifier.doi10.12681/mms.327
dc.identifier.endpage352
dc.identifier.issn1108-393X
dc.identifier.issue2
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-84873966224
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.startpage328
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.12681/mms.327
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12428/20660
dc.identifier.volume13
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000315934300019
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ2
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherNatl Centre Marine Research
dc.relation.ispartofMediterranean Marine Science
dc.relation.publicationcategoryinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.snmzKA_WoS_20250125
dc.subjectBiological invasions
dc.subjectmarine aliens
dc.subjectbiogeography
dc.subjecttrends
dc.subjectpathways
dc.subjectMediterranean Sea
dc.titleAlien species in the Mediterranean Sea by 2012. A contribution to the application of European Union's Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). Part 2. Introduction trends and pathways
dc.typeArticle

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