Entrapment and venting of bubbles during vacuum bag prepreg processing

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dc.authoridCender, Thomas/0000-0003-0685-523X
dc.authoridESKIZEYBEK, VOLKAN/0000-0002-5373-0379
dc.authoridAdvani, Suresh/0000-0002-2670-903X
dc.contributor.authorGangloff, John J., Jr.
dc.contributor.authorCender, Thomas A.
dc.contributor.authorEskizeybek, Volkan
dc.contributor.authorSimacek, Pavel
dc.contributor.authorAdvani, Suresh G.
dc.date.accessioned2025-01-27T21:05:25Z
dc.date.available2025-01-27T21:05:25Z
dc.date.issued2017
dc.departmentÇanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractDuring composites manufacturing with partially pre-impregnated fibers (i.e. prepregs) in Out-of-Autoclave processes, non-impregnated fabric cross-sections serve as air pathways to evacuate entrapped bubbles of air, moisture, or volatiles. The bubbles trapped within a laminate during processing lead to decreased structural performance. In this work, the motion of resin and bubbles during the processing of a characteristic prepreg is directly visualized in situ. This is performed utilizing a previously developed flow visualization technique under known pressure and temperature conditions. This study investigates the processing conditions under which a bubble succeeds or fails to meet and coalesce with available air pathways in order to escape the laminate. A key finding of this study is that tunable process parameters, such as pressure and temperature, are less important for successful bubble removal as compared to the initial state of resin impregnation in the prepreg. Prepregs with initially high states of resin impregnation will often fail to draw bubbles into air pathways through the center of fiber tow cross sections, whereas prepregs with initially low states of resin impregnation have clear pathways for bubbles to meet local resin flow fronts, coalesce, and escape. The relevant literature on the motion of bubbles in confined spaces is discussed. It is observed that small Capillary number theory (i.e. Ca<0.01) under predicts the relative velocity of bubbles, and the faster than expected bubble transport is likely due to effects given by the bubble aspect ratio via the fibrous micro-channel geometry.
dc.description.sponsorshipOffice of Naval Research (ONR) [N00014-10-1-0971]; Technical Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)
dc.description.sponsorshipThe author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: The work was supported by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) under Grant Number N00014-10-1-0971. Additional support provided by the Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) for the 2219-International Postdoctoral Research Scholarship Program.
dc.identifier.doi10.1177/0021998316676325
dc.identifier.endpage2768
dc.identifier.issn0021-9983
dc.identifier.issn1530-793X
dc.identifier.issue19
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85026408738
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.startpage2757
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1177/0021998316676325
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12428/27632
dc.identifier.volume51
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000406615900006
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ2
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherSage Publications Ltd
dc.relation.ispartofJournal of Composite Materials
dc.relation.publicationcategoryinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.snmzKA_WoS_20250125
dc.subjectPrepreg processing
dc.subjectresin flow
dc.subjectprocess monitoring
dc.subjectout-of-autoclave
dc.titleEntrapment and venting of bubbles during vacuum bag prepreg processing
dc.typeArticle

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