Generation of Acid Mine Lakes Associated with Abandoned Coal Mines in Northwest Turkey

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dc.authoridBABA, ALPER/0000-0001-5307-3156
dc.authoridBALCI, Nurgul/0000-0002-4772-2348
dc.contributor.authorYucel, Deniz Sanliyuksel
dc.contributor.authorBalci, Nurgul
dc.contributor.authorBaba, Alper
dc.date.accessioned2025-01-27T20:59:58Z
dc.date.available2025-01-27T20:59:58Z
dc.date.issued2016
dc.departmentÇanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractA total of five acid mine lakes (AMLs) located in northwest Turkey were investigated using combined isotope, molecular, and geochemical techniques to identify geochemical processes controlling and promoting acid formation. All of the investigated lakes showed typical characteristics of an AML with low pH (2.59-3.79) and high electrical conductivity values (1040-6430 mu S/cm), in addition to high sulfate (594-5370 mg/l) and metal (aluminum [Al], iron [Fe], manganese [Mn], nickel [Ni], and zinc [Zn]) concentrations. Geochemical and isotope results showed that the acid-generation mechanism and source of sulfate in the lakes can change and depends on the age of the lakes. In the relatively older lakes (AMLs 1 through 3), biogeochemical Fe cycles seem to be the dominant process controlling metal concentration and pH of the water unlike in the younger lakes (AMLs 4 and 5). Bacterial species determined in an older lake (AML 2) indicate that biological oxidation and reduction of Fe and S are the dominant processes in the lakes. Furthermore, O and S isotopes of sulfate indicate that sulfate in the older mine lakes may be a product of much more complex oxidation/dissolution reactions. However, the major source of sulfate in the younger mine lakes is in situ pyrite oxidation catalyzed by Fe(III) produced by way of oxidation of Fe(II). Consistent with this, insignificant fractionation between delta(34) and delta(34) values indicated that the oxidation of pyrite, along with dissolution and precipitation reactions of Fe(III) minerals, is the main reason for acid formation in the region. Overall, the results showed that acid generation during early stage formation of an AML associated with pyrite-rich mine waste is primarily controlled by the oxidation of pyrite with Fe cycles becoming the dominant processes regulating pH and metal cycles in the later stages of mine lake development.
dc.description.sponsorshipTeck Mining Company; TUBITAK [108Y177]
dc.description.sponsorshipThe authors are grateful to Mehmet Ali Yucel for support during field work. This study was funded by the Teck Mining Company. Funding was also provided by a TUBITAK grant to N. Balci (108Y177) for isotope analysis. The authors are also thankful for constructive comments by the reviewers.
dc.identifier.doi10.1007/s00244-016-0270-z
dc.identifier.endpage782
dc.identifier.issn0090-4341
dc.identifier.issn1432-0703
dc.identifier.issue4
dc.identifier.pmid26987541
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-84962489186
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.startpage757
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-016-0270-z
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12428/26898
dc.identifier.volume70
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000373646000013
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ2
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMed
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherSpringer
dc.relation.ispartofArchives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
dc.relation.publicationcategoryinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.snmzKA_WoS_20250125
dc.subjectStable-Isotope Geochemistry
dc.subjectSulfur Isotope
dc.subjectWater-Quality
dc.subjectPit-Lake
dc.subjectLow Ph
dc.subjectElemental Sulfur
dc.subjectPyrite Oxidation
dc.subjectDissolved Metals
dc.subjectBiga Peninsula
dc.subjectIron Mountain
dc.titleGeneration of Acid Mine Lakes Associated with Abandoned Coal Mines in Northwest Turkey
dc.typeArticle

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