Exploring Gender Differences in the Effects of Diet and Physical Activity on Metabolic Parameters

dc.authoridPadua, Elvira/0000-0001-5227-2567
dc.authoridCaprio, Massimiliano/0000-0003-0722-7163
dc.authoridGorini, Stefania/0000-0003-4182-9942
dc.authoridAulisa, Giovanni/0000-0002-8593-8051
dc.authoridLombardo, Mauro/0000-0001-7509-5487
dc.authoridCava, Edda/0000-0002-8186-039X
dc.authoridARMANI, Andrea/0000-0002-2130-1596
dc.contributor.authorGorini, Stefania
dc.contributor.authorCamajani, Elisabetta
dc.contributor.authorFeraco, Alessandra
dc.contributor.authorArmani, Andrea
dc.contributor.authorKarav, Sercan
dc.contributor.authorFilardi, Tiziana
dc.contributor.authorAulisa, Giovanni
dc.date.accessioned2025-05-29T02:57:22Z
dc.date.available2025-05-29T02:57:22Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.departmentÇanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractBackground: Gender differences in metabolic response to lifestyle interventions remain poorly explored. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a six-month Mediterranean diet (MD) intervention combined with regular physical activity on metabolic parameters in overweight adults. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted in an obesity clinic in Rome, Italy, involving overweight adults (BMI >= 25 kg/m2) motivated to improve their lifestyle. Participants (n = 205; 107 men and 98 women) self-selected into physical activity groups (aerobic, anaerobic, combined or no activity). Gender-specific metabolic changes were assessed, including lipid profiles, liver markers and fasting glucose. Results: Significant gender differences in metabolic results were observed. Men showed greater reductions in total cholesterol (TC) and LDL, as well as significant reductions in alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Women showed a significant increase in HDL cholesterol. Fasting blood glucose decreased significantly in both sexes, with no differences between the sexes. Activity-specific analysis revealed that anaerobic activity significantly improved lipid metabolism in men, while aerobic activity produced the greatest benefits in women, including increased HDL and improved liver marker profiles. Conclusions: Therapeutic strategies combining MD and physical activity must take into account gender-specific physiological differences and the type of sport activity to optimise metabolic benefits. Personalised approaches may improve the management of cardiovascular risk factors in overweight individuals. Study registration: This study is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT06661330).
dc.description.sponsorshipIRCCS San Raffaele Pisana; IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana (Ricerca Corrente)
dc.description.sponsorshipThis work was supported by institutional fundings from IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana (Ricerca Corrente).
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/nu17020354
dc.identifier.issn2072-6643
dc.identifier.issue2
dc.identifier.pmid39861484
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85215774311
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.3390/nu17020354
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12428/30033
dc.identifier.volume17
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001404161900001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ1
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMed
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherMDPI
dc.relation.ispartofNutrients
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.snmzKA_WOS_20250529
dc.subjectgender differences
dc.subjectMediterranean diet
dc.subjectphysical activity
dc.subjectmetabolic parameters
dc.subjectcholesterol
dc.subjectliver enzymes
dc.subjectsport
dc.subjecttherapeutic customisation
dc.titleExploring Gender Differences in the Effects of Diet and Physical Activity on Metabolic Parameters
dc.typeArticle

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