Citric Acid-Assisted Electrokinetic Remediation of Arsenic and Metal-Rich Acidic Mine Pond Sediments

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dc.authorid0000-0002-8191-1599
dc.contributor.authorKaraca, Oznur
dc.date.accessioned2026-02-03T11:59:48Z
dc.date.available2026-02-03T11:59:48Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.departmentÇanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractMining activities in the study area have led to the formation of irregular depressions where rainwater accumulates, creating acidic mine ponds. The water in these ponds becomes contaminated through contact with mine wastes and bottom sediments, leading to the dispersion of toxic metals and metalloids into the surrounding environment and food chain. This study investigates electrokinetic remediation (EKR) of highly contaminated acidic mine pond sediments and evaluates the role of citric acid (CA) as a biodegradable and environmentally friendly chelating agent. The sediment was highly acidic (pH 3.35) and contained elevated concentrations of Al, Fe, Mn, and As. Laboratory-scale EKR experiments were conducted for 27 days under a constant potential gradient of 1 V/cm, using 0.1 M CA as the electrolyte. The results obtained from this study were compared with those obtained using deionised water (DIW) as the electrolyte. The results demonstrated that CA significantly enhanced metal mobility, leading to higher removal efficiencies for Al (82.4%), As (51.1%), Mn (32.9%), and Fe (29.5%) compared to DIW. The pH near the cathode remained more balanced, and metal precipitation was minimised. Furthermore, total energy consumption decreased by about 53% (from 551 to 262 kWh/m3), indicating improved process efficiency. These results reveal that CA-assisted EKR can be an effective and sustainable method for the remediation of highly acidic mine pond sediments.
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/toxics13111000
dc.identifier.issn2305-6304
dc.identifier.issue11
dc.identifier.pmid41304550
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105022880896
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13111000
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12428/34427
dc.identifier.volume13
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001623638800001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ1
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMed
dc.institutionauthorKaraca, Oznur
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherMdpi
dc.relation.ispartofToxics
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.snmzKA_WOS_20260130
dc.subjectacidic mine sediment
dc.subjectheavy metal/metalloid
dc.subjectEKR
dc.subjectcitric acid
dc.subjectenvironmental protection
dc.titleCitric Acid-Assisted Electrokinetic Remediation of Arsenic and Metal-Rich Acidic Mine Pond Sediments
dc.typeArticle

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