Heavy Metals in Soil and Sand from Playgrounds of canakkale City (Turkey), and Related Health Risks for Children

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dc.authoridParlak, Mehmet/0000-0002-4813-1152
dc.authoridBotsou, Fotini/0000-0003-3322-8821
dc.authoridTuncay, Tulay/0000-0001-5398-5497
dc.contributor.authorParlak, Mehmet
dc.contributor.authorTuncay, Tulay
dc.contributor.authorBotsou, Fotini
dc.date.accessioned2025-01-27T21:03:35Z
dc.date.available2025-01-27T21:03:35Z
dc.date.issued2022
dc.departmentÇanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractChildren spend most of their time in playgrounds and, in parallel, constitute the social group most sensitive to contaminants. Here, we present the results of a comparative study of heavy-metal contents between soils and sand from sandboxes obtained from playgrounds of canakkale city. Average contents of soils followed the order of iron (Fe) (12,901 mg kg(-1)) > manganese (Mn) (475 mg kg(-1)) > zinc (Zn) (58 mg kg(-1)) > copper (Cu) (28 mg kg(-1)) > nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr) (21 mg kg(-1)) > lead (Pb) (18 mg kg(-1)). Sand had lower contents, however, due to the reduction of particles size through prolonged use, and accumulation of Fe/Mn (oxyhydr)oxides on sand grains tended to diminish the differences between soils and sand. Through chemometric analysis, Cr and Ni were found to have a lithogenic origin, while the rest of metals were related to anthropogenic activities. Spatially, heavy-metal contents followed the pattern of the city's sprawl. Risk estimates on children's health showed that ingestion was the most important exposure route, followed by dermal contact and inhalation. Exposure of children to sand was of similar importance to that of soils. These findings are significant, as the contamination of sand has not yet received much attention compared to the soil of playgrounds.
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/su14031145
dc.identifier.issn2071-1050
dc.identifier.issue3
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85123079544
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.3390/su14031145
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12428/27350
dc.identifier.volume14
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000759509400001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ2
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherMdpi
dc.relation.ispartofSustainability
dc.relation.publicationcategoryinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.snmzKA_WoS_20250125
dc.subjecttrace elements
dc.subjecturban soil
dc.subjectplaygrounds
dc.subjectsandboxes
dc.subjectrisk assessment
dc.subjectexposure pathways
dc.subjecthealth hazard
dc.titleHeavy Metals in Soil and Sand from Playgrounds of canakkale City (Turkey), and Related Health Risks for Children
dc.typeArticle

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