Shear bond strength of 3-dimensional-printed orthodontic brackets

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dc.authoridDuran, Gökhan Serhat / 0000-0001-6152-6178
dc.contributor.authorDuran, Gökhan Serhat
dc.contributor.authorTopsakal, Kübra Gülnur
dc.contributor.authorAkgün, Yusufcan
dc.contributor.authorKaradaş Bakırhan, Nurgül
dc.contributor.authorGörgülü, Serkan
dc.date.accessioned2026-02-03T12:02:49Z
dc.date.available2026-02-03T12:02:49Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.departmentÇanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractIntroduction This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) and adhesive remnant index (ARI) of 3-dimensional-printed orthodontic brackets with 3 different base designs and to examine the surface morphologic differences of remaining adhesives using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Methods Sixty maxillary premolar teeth (n = 20 per group) were randomly allocated into 3 bracket base design groups: (1) custom, (2) macroretentive, and (3) standard. After digital scanning of the teeth, the brackets were printed using a MAX UV DLP 3D printer (Asiga, Sydney, Australia). Each bracket was bonded using Transbond XT composite and light-cured for 10 seconds with a light-emitting diode curing unit (Valo; Ultradent, South Jordan, Utah). Subsequently, SBS testing was performed using a universal testing machine at a 1 mm/min crosshead speed, and fracture loads were recorded in megapascals (MPa). After debonding, ARI scores were evaluated under a digital microscope by a blinded investigator and reevaluated after 2 weeks for reliability. In addition, bracket bases and tooth surfaces were examined under a high-resolution SEM (30 kV, 20 mm working distance). Results The highest SBS values were observed in the custom base design group (group A, 8.05 ± 4.69 MPa), followed by the macroretentive group (group B, 6.31 ± 3.80 MPa) and the standard group (group C, 5.91 ± 6.09 MPa). The differences between groups A and C were statistically significant (P = 0.017). ARI scores revealed that in groups A and B, most adhesive remained on the tooth (ARI score 2 predominated), whereas group C demonstrated a more variable ARI distribution. In addition, according to the SEM results, most adhesives have remained on the teeth in all groups. Conclusions Custom mesh designs in 3D-printed orthodontic brackets significantly enhance bond strength and adhesive retention, making them a promising option for clinical use. Future studies should investigate their performance under conditions that simulate the oral environment to validate their clinical applicability.
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.ajodo.2025.03.008
dc.identifier.endpage386
dc.identifier.issn0889-5406
dc.identifier.issn1097-6752
dc.identifier.issue3
dc.identifier.pmid40885598
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105014271169
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.startpage379
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2025.03.008
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12428/34882
dc.identifier.volume168
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001562357500001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ1
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMed
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherMosby-Elsevier
dc.relation.ispartofAmerican Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.snmzKA_WOS_20260130
dc.titleShear bond strength of 3-dimensional-printed orthodontic brackets
dc.typeArticle

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