Antipathogenic Activity of Betainized Polyethyleneimine Sprays Without Toxicity

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dc.authoridŞahiner, Nurettin / 0000-0003-0120-530X
dc.authoridSağbaş Suner, Selin / 0000-0002-3524-0675
dc.contributor.authorSağbaş Suner, Selin
dc.contributor.authorAyyala, Ramesh S.
dc.contributor.authorŞahiner, Nurettin
dc.date.accessioned2025-01-27T20:54:07Z
dc.date.available2025-01-27T20:54:07Z
dc.date.issued2024
dc.departmentÇanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractBackground/Objectives: The design of alternative antipathogenic sprays has recently attracted much attention due to the limitations of existing formulations, such as toxicity and low and narrow efficacy. Polyethyleneimine (PEI) is a great antimicrobial polymer against a wide range of pathogens, but toxicity limits its use. Here, betainized PEI (B-PEI) was synthesized to decrease the toxicity of PEI and protonated with citric acid (CA), boric acid (BA), and HCl to improve antimicrobial activity. Methods: Cytotoxicity of the PEI-based solutions was determined on L929 fibroblast cells. Antibacterial/fungal activity of PEI-based antipathogenic sprays was investigated by microtiter and disc diffusion assays, in addition to bacterial viability and adhesion % of common bacteria and fungi on the PEI-treated masks. Furthermore, the antiviral effect of the PEI-based solutions was determined against SARS-CoV-2 virus. Results: The biosafe concentration of PEI was determined as 1 mu g/mL with 75 +/- 11% cell viability, but B-PEI and its protonated forms had great biocompatibility even at 1000 mu g/mL with more than 85% viability. The antibacterial/fungal effect of non-toxic B-PEI was improved by protonation with BA and HCl with 2.5-10 mg/mL minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentrations (MBCs/MFCs). Bacterial/fungal viability and adhesion on the mask was almost eliminated by using 50 mu L with 5-10 mg/mL of B-PEI-BA. Both protonated bare and betainized PEI show potent antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 virus. Conclusions: The toxicity of PEI was overcome by using betainized forms of PEI (B-PEI). Furthermore, the antimicrobial and antiviral efficacy of PEI and B-PEI was improved by protonation with CA, BA, and HCl of amine groups on B-PEI. B-PEI-BA spray solution has great potential as an antipathogenic spray with broad-spectrum antimicrobial potency against harmful bacteria, fungi, and viruses without any toxicity.
dc.description.sponsorshipDepartment of Ophthalmology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida
dc.description.sponsorshipThis research was funded by a startup fund from the Department of Ophthalmology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida.
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/biomedicines12112462
dc.identifier.issn2227-9059
dc.identifier.issue11
dc.identifier.pmid39595028
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85210432941
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ2
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12112462
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12428/25980
dc.identifier.volume12
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001366835900001
dc.identifier.wosqualityN/A
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMed
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherMdpi
dc.relation.ispartofBiomedicines
dc.relation.publicationcategoryinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.snmzKA_WoS_20250125
dc.subjectpolyethyleneimine
dc.subjectbetainized polyethyleneimine
dc.subjectantipathogenic sprays
dc.subjectbiocompatible
dc.subjectantimicrobial
dc.subjectantiviral
dc.titleAntipathogenic Activity of Betainized Polyethyleneimine Sprays Without Toxicity
dc.typeArticle

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