The potential of Raman and FT-IR spectroscopic methods for the detection of chlorine in human nail samples

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dc.authoridToprak, Sadik/0000-0002-8065-1334
dc.authoridDogan, Zekeriya/0000-0002-2721-4450
dc.authoridKahrıman, Fatih/0000-0001-6944-0512
dc.authoridAkpolat, Meryem/0000-0002-3419-1728
dc.authoridYilmaz Can, Emine/0000-0003-4022-2233
dc.authoridErsoy, Gokhan/0000-0002-4594-7172
dc.contributor.authorToprak, Sadik
dc.contributor.authorKahrıman, Fatih
dc.contributor.authorDogan, Zekeriya
dc.contributor.authorErsoy, Gokhan
dc.contributor.authorCan, Emine Yilmaz
dc.contributor.authorAkpolat, Meryem
dc.contributor.authorCan, Murat
dc.date.accessioned2025-01-27T20:31:17Z
dc.date.available2025-01-27T20:31:17Z
dc.date.issued2020
dc.departmentÇanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractAlthough chlorine (Cl2) has been used as a chemical warfare agent since World War I there is no known specific and reliable biomarker to indicate the presence of chlorine. We distinguished chlorinated human nails from unchlorinated ones using Raman spectroscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy. This research was carried out between October 2018 and July 2019 on two nail samples taken from 55 male and 104 female volunteers. One sample from each participant was chlorinated, while the second sample was used as a control. Spectral data were collected from chlorinated and unchlorinated (control) human nails using Raman and FT-IR spectroscopy. Raman measurements were made between 100 and 3200 cm(-1), while FT-IR measurements were recorded over the range of 650 to 4000 cm(-1). Partial least squares regression-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was used to develop classification models for each spectral instrument. Results showed that the control and chlorinated nail samples were successfully discriminated with similar results achieved with both instruments. Minor differences were observed in the performance of classification models. The FT-IR spectroscopy model (sensitivity = 95%, specificity = 99%, accuracy = 97%) was found to be more successful with a smaller margin of error (sensitivity = 95%, specificity = 99%, accuracy = 96%) compared to the Raman spectroscopy model. This method can be used successfully for both ante-mortem and post-mortem diagnosis of chlorine exposure.
dc.description.sponsorshipOPCW [L/ICA/ICB/210503/17]
dc.description.sponsorshipThis work was partly supported by OPCW [Grant No. L/ICA/ICB/210503/17],
dc.identifier.doi10.1007/s12024-020-00313-5
dc.identifier.endpage640
dc.identifier.issn1547-769X
dc.identifier.issn1556-2891
dc.identifier.issue4
dc.identifier.pmid32984922
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85091611146
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ2
dc.identifier.startpage633
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1007/s12024-020-00313-5
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12428/23077
dc.identifier.volume16
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000573202600001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ2
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMed
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherHumana Press Inc
dc.relation.ispartofForensic Science Medicine and Pathology
dc.relation.publicationcategoryinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.snmzKA_WoS_20250125
dc.subjectAnte-mortem
dc.subjectChlorine
dc.subjectForensic
dc.subjectPost-mortem
dc.subjectNail
dc.subjectChemical warfare
dc.titleThe potential of Raman and FT-IR spectroscopic methods for the detection of chlorine in human nail samples
dc.typeArticle

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