A Comprehensive Review of Nanoparticles: From Classification to Application and Toxicity

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dc.authoridBolat, Ecem/0009-0001-7086-3317
dc.authoridEker, Furkan/0009-0002-5260-6111
dc.authoridKARAV, SERCAN/0000-0003-4056-1673
dc.authoridWitkowska, Anna/0000-0002-0092-3409
dc.authoridAkdasci, Emir/0009-0009-5996-6567
dc.contributor.authorEker, Furkan
dc.contributor.authorDuman, Hatice
dc.contributor.authorAkdasci, Emir
dc.contributor.authorBolat, Ecem
dc.contributor.authorSaritas, Suemeyye
dc.contributor.authorKarav, Sercan
dc.contributor.authorWitkowska, Anna Maria
dc.date.accessioned2025-01-27T20:59:40Z
dc.date.available2025-01-27T20:59:40Z
dc.date.issued2024
dc.departmentÇanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractNanoparticles are structures that possess unique properties with high surface area-to-volume ratio. Their small size, up to 100 nm, and potential for surface modifications have enabled their use in a wide range of applications. Various factors influence the properties and applications of NPs, including the synthesis method and physical attributes such as size and shape. Additionally, the materials used in the synthesis of NPs are primary determinants of their application. Based on the chosen material, NPs are generally classified into three categories: organic, inorganic, and carbon-based. These categories include a variety of materials, such as proteins, polymers, metal ions, lipids and derivatives, magnetic minerals, and so on. Each material possesses unique attributes that influence the activity and application of the NPs. Consequently, certain NPs are typically used in particular areas because they possess higher efficiency along with tenable toxicity. Therefore, the classification and the base material in the NP synthesis hold significant importance in both NP research and application. In this paper, we discuss these classifications, exemplify most of the major materials, and categorize them according to their preferred area of application. This review provides an overall review of the materials, including their application, and toxicity.
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/molecules29153482
dc.identifier.issn1420-3049
dc.identifier.issue15
dc.identifier.pmid39124888
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85200772507
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29153482
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12428/26773
dc.identifier.volume29
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001287174500001
dc.identifier.wosqualityN/A
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMed
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherMdpi
dc.relation.ispartofMolecules
dc.relation.publicationcategoryinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.snmzKA_WoS_20250125
dc.subjectnanoparticles
dc.subjectnanotechnology
dc.subjectindustrial applications
dc.subjecttoxicity
dc.subjectorganic nanoparticles
dc.subjectcarbon-based nanoparticles
dc.subjectinorganic nanoparticles
dc.titleA Comprehensive Review of Nanoparticles: From Classification to Application and Toxicity
dc.typeReview Article

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