An electrochemical immunosensor based on graphite paper electrodes for the sensitive detection of creatine kinase in actual samples

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dc.contributor.authorDemirbakan, Burcak
dc.contributor.authorSezgintürk, Mustafa Kemal
dc.date.accessioned2025-01-27T20:11:54Z
dc.date.available2025-01-27T20:11:54Z
dc.date.issued2022
dc.departmentÇanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractThe enzyme creatine kinase (CK) is one of the most well-established biomarkers in cardiovascular disease. For acute myocardial infarction (AMI) diagnosis, CK has a clinical comorbidity rate of 90%. This study has developed a novel electrochemical immunosensor using disposable graphite paper electrodes (GP). The GP electrodes were modified with gold nanoparticles (AuNP) to facilitate CK detection. Afterwards, GP electrodes were covalently immobilized with 6-mercapto-1-hexanol (6-MH), resulting in self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). Then, the electrodes were formed with a 3-Glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (3-GOPE) agent. Afterwards, the electrodes were immobilized with anti-CK (antibody creatine kinase) protein. In the final immobilization step, BSA (bovine serum albumin) protein was used to block non-covalent interactions. All parameters of the proposed immunosensor were optimized, including concentrations and incubation times. Analytical characteristics such as square wave voltammetry, linear determination range, repeatability, reproducibility, and regeneration of biosensors were determined. All characterization steps were monitored by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV). Moreover, the single frequency impedance (SFI) technique interacted with anti-CK and CK antigens. Furthermore, the proposed immunosensor was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The proposed immunosensor exhibited a wide detection range (0.1 -50 pg mL(-1)), and low limit of detection (LOD), and a low limit of quantification (LOQ); 0.045 pg mL(-1) and 0.171 pg mL(-1), respectively. Finally, the developed biosensor was tried in an actual blood sample, which showed it could be utilized in clinical applications.
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116656
dc.identifier.issn1572-6657
dc.identifier.issn1873-2569
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85135199649
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116656
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12428/20772
dc.identifier.volume921
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000850444400011
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ1
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherElsevier Science Sa
dc.relation.ispartofJournal of Electroanalytical Chemistry
dc.relation.publicationcategoryinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.snmzKA_WoS_20250125
dc.subjectGraphite paper (GP)
dc.subjectCreatine kinase (CK)
dc.subjectBiosensor
dc.subjectCardiovascular disease
dc.titleAn electrochemical immunosensor based on graphite paper electrodes for the sensitive detection of creatine kinase in actual samples
dc.typeArticle

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