Exploration for a cave by magnetic and electrical resistivity surveys: Ayvacik Sinkhole example, Bozdag, Izmir (western Turkey)

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dc.authoridEkinci, Yunus Levent/0000-0003-4966-1208
dc.authoridBalkaya, Caglayan/0000-0002-0191-8564
dc.authoridGokturkler, Gokhan/0000-0002-2842-0766
dc.contributor.authorBalkaya, Caglayan
dc.contributor.authorGokturkler, Gokhan
dc.contributor.authorErhan, Zulfikar
dc.contributor.authorEkinci, Yunus Levent
dc.date.accessioned2025-01-27T20:34:42Z
dc.date.available2025-01-27T20:34:42Z
dc.date.issued2012
dc.departmentÇanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractGeophysical survey techniques have been successfully applied to near-surface cave detection in karstic terrains. We used magnetic and electrical resistivity surveys to delineate the karstic structure of the Ayvacik Sinkhole, which may be considered to be a vertical cave. The magnetic-total-field-anomaly map helped reveal the metamorphic and sedimentary units in the study area. The total-horizontal-gradient map, which was based on a calculated pseudogravity anomaly, successfully identified the contact between the limestone unit and the cave system. Using these results, we positioned and carried out a vertical electrical sounding (VES) survey with a Schlumberger array along a line that consisted of 11 stations. The VES data were then processed using a ID global optimization technique, which used a genetic algorithm and a 2D linearized least-squares algorithm. The results were generally in good agreement with each other, and together they pointed out three geologic layers: (1) an overburden layer (>316 Omega m), (2) an approximately 25-m-thick alluvial fill (100-316 Omega m), and (3) a limestone unit (316-3162 Omega m); and also suggested the existence of a high-resistive anomaly (>15000 Omega m), possibly a karstic cave, located at the depth of approximately 40 in. Also, the results suggested that the buried limestone unit had an undulating karstic topography including a probable pinnacle structure. A synthetic modeling study was carried out, and it validated the reliability of the results. Finally, our findings indicated that the geophysical survey techniques used here were successful in detecting a cave located deep enough to make human exploration difficult.
dc.description.sponsorshipDepartment of Geophysical Engineering, Dokuz Eyltil University
dc.description.sponsorshipThe authors thank the Department of Geophysical Engineering, Dokuz Eyltil University, for support during the field work. We also thank M. Fatih Buyuktopcu (DEUMAK and Department of Civil Engineering, Dokuz Eylul University) for informing us of the Ayvacik Sinkhole in the Bozdag., Odemis (Izmir). We owe special thanks to Refik Erim Ongun and Zeki Ates for their generous help during the field study. We also thank three anonymous reviewers for their time spent on the paper and for their constructive comments, which have greatly improved the paper. Dr. Neal F. Jordan is warmly thanked for putting effort into linguistic corrections of the paper and for some helpful comments. The location maps in Figure I were generated by Generic Mapping Tools (GMT) (Wessel and Smith, 1995). A part of this paper was presented at the 19th International Geophysical Congress and Exhibition of Turkey, November 23-26, 2010, Ankara, Turkey. The GA algorithm was implemented using the toolboxes in Scilab, the free software for numerical computation, which is a trademark of INRIA.
dc.identifier.doi10.1190/GEO2011-0290.1
dc.identifier.endpageB146
dc.identifier.issn0016-8033
dc.identifier.issn1942-2156
dc.identifier.issue3
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-84861658475
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.startpageB135
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1190/GEO2011-0290.1
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12428/23426
dc.identifier.volume77
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000304584400006
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ2
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherSoc Exploration Geophysicists
dc.relation.ispartofGeophysics
dc.relation.publicationcategoryinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.snmzKA_WoS_20250125
dc.subjectGround-Penetrating Radar
dc.subjectGeophysical Methods
dc.subject2-Stage Extension
dc.subjectGediz Graben
dc.subjectCavities
dc.subjectArea
dc.subjectInversion
dc.subjectGravity
dc.subjectTomography
dc.subjectEvolution
dc.titleExploration for a cave by magnetic and electrical resistivity surveys: Ayvacik Sinkhole example, Bozdag, Izmir (western Turkey)
dc.typeArticle

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