Statistical examination of the correlations among active regions, flares, coronal mass ejections and interplanetary shocks

In this study, the statistical relationship among active region (AR)-associated flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and the interplanetary shock waves (IPS) caused by CMEs have been investigated for the years between 2011 and 2021. The study aims to contribute to the efforts of investigating the Sun-Earth connection by statistically examining the relationship between the magnetic properties of AR groups and the eruptive events associated with these groups. Though the significance of AR group structure on flare strength is commonly known, one of our study's results is that it also has a substantial effect on CME energies and IPS varieties. A further intriguing result of our investigation is the evident correlation between flare intensity and CME energy levels connected with these flares. Furthermore, it has been revealed that there is an association between the speeds of IPS-producing CMEs, the intensity of associated flares, and the complexity of corresponding AR groups. (c) 2025 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.