Environmental impact, economic and carbon footprint assessment of end-of-life PVC flex banners and its potential upcycling opportunities in the fashion industry

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dc.authoridSaatçioğlu, Kenan / 0000-0002-1026-1090
dc.contributor.authorSaatçioğlu, Kenan
dc.contributor.authorVenkatraman, Prabhuraj D.
dc.date.accessioned2025-05-29T02:54:04Z
dc.date.available2025-05-29T02:54:04Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.departmentÇanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractThis article employs life cycle assessment (LCA) using openLCA software to compare the environmental and economic indicators of upcycled fashion accessories made from end-of-life polyvinyl chloride (PVC) flex banners with those made from conventional materials like nylon and polyester. Six bags were designed, produced from end-of-life PVC flex banners, and compared to nylon and polyester fabric bags. Data related to the manufacturing process of these bags, including material usage, transport, and production, were analysed for comparison. The LCA results revealed that upcycled bags made from end-of-life PVC flex banners are more environmentally friendly than their nylon and polyester counterparts. Out of the 16 environmental impact categories analysed in the study, U-PVC bags were shown to have a lower impact in 12 categories: 1) fossil depletion, 2) freshwater ecotoxicity, 3) freshwater eutrophication, 4) marine ecotoxicity, 5) marine eutrophication, 6) ozone depletion, 7) particulate matter formation, 8) photochemical oxidant formation, 9) terrestrial acidification, 10) terrestrial ecotoxicity, 11) urban land occupation, and 12) water depletion. Moreover, the carbon footprint of U-PVC bags was 574.89 kg CO2 eq, which is lower than the carbon footprints of C-PA bags at 612.56 kg CO2 eq and C-PES bags at 609.76 kg CO2 eq. Additionally, the average manufacturing cost of U-PVC bags was £49.86, compared to £66.80 for C-PA bags and £67.09 for C-PES bags. This indicates that U-PVC bags are not only more environmentally sustainable but also more economical compared to C-PA and C-PES bags. Our research highlights the potential to upcycle end-of-life PVC flex banners into shoulder backpack bags, demonstrating the viability of PVC upcycling to reduce environmental impact. © 2025 The Authors
dc.description.sponsorshipFaculty of Arts and Humanities
dc.description.sponsorshipÇanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, ÇOMÜ
dc.description.sponsorshipManchester Metropolitan University, MMU
dc.description.sponsorshipManchester Fashion Institute
dc.description.sponsorshipTextile and Fashion Design Department, Faculty of Fine Arts
dc.description.sponsorshipTürkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu, TÜBİTAK, (1059B192301016)
dc.description.sponsorshipTürkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu, TÜBİTAK
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179085
dc.identifier.issn0048-9697
dc.identifier.pmid40147237
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105000976146
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179085
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12428/29915
dc.identifier.volume974
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMed
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherElsevier B.V.
dc.relation.ispartofScience of the Total Environment
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.snmzKA_Scopus_20250529
dc.subjectLife cycle assessment
dc.subjectLife cycle costing
dc.subjectPolyamide (PA)
dc.subjectPolyester (PES)
dc.subjectPolyvinyl chloride (PVC)
dc.subjectUpcycling
dc.titleEnvironmental impact, economic and carbon footprint assessment of end-of-life PVC flex banners and its potential upcycling opportunities in the fashion industry
dc.typeArticle

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