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Öğe Properties of the fabrics knitted from yarns with different slub parameters(Inst Natl Cercetare-Dezvoltare Textile Pielarie-Bucuresti, 2025) Özdil, Nilgün; Kanat, Zehra Evrim; Topuz, Behiye Elif; Özçelik, Gonca; Süpüren Mengüç, GamzeSlub yarns, whose characteristic feature is planned thick regions in the yarn diameter, have an important place among the fancy yarns that have an increasing usage in clothing and home textile products. These yarns, used in woven and knitted fabrics, create unique visual and textural effects compared to conventional yarns, giving yarn manufacturers a competitive advantage. In this study, the performance properties of knitted fabrics produced from slub yarns were examined depending on slub parameters such as slub thickness, slub frequency, slub length, yarn twist coefficient and slub population. The results showed that slub frequency, slub thickness, and twist coefficient significantly affect the air permeability of the fabrics Additionally, the study found that slub frequency and slub thickness are important parameters for abrasion resistance, while yarn twist coefficient is crucial for bursting strength. In terms of fabric pilling property, increasing slub thickness, length, and frequency were found to increase fabric pilling tendency.Öğe Modelling thermal resistance of woven fabrics in wet state(Inst Natl Cercetare-Dezvoltare Textile Pielarie-Bucuresti, 2025) Kanat, Zehra EvrimIn this study, a simple mathematical model based on conductive heat transfer is suggested for predicting the thermal resistance of wet woven fabric. For this purpose, cellulosic fabrics produced in two different weave types with different moisture content were investigated. Fabric is considered a system of a porous structure consisting of fibre, air and if present, water. The thermal resistance of fabric was calculated according to the proportion of these components. It was considered that the water's location could have changed the resistance values. The assumption was the capillary water was arranged serially with fibres and air when it was located in the yarns, and it was arranged parallel with the air when it was located between the yarns. Calculated values were compared with the measurement values obtained from ALAMBETA. When the results were evaluated, the obtained values were quite good except for the absolute dry fabric. Serial arrangement of fibre and air was better fitted for dry fabric. So, it is thought that the air acts as a single block in absolute dry fabrics. Additionally, for comparison, Maxwell-Eucken2 (ME-2) was also used. The new model's R-2 value is a little higher than the other model as 0.9017. Furthermore, MSSD and MSAD values were 0.0000013 and 0.0007878 for this model, respectively. As a result of the study, it can be said that the suggested model is useful for predicting the thermal resistance of woven fabrics with different moisture content. Besides this, analyses of fabric porosity can be useful to manage the thermal resistance of wet fabrics.Öğe Environmental impact, economic and carbon footprint assessment of end-of-life PVC flex banners and its potential upcycling opportunities in the fashion industry(Elsevier B.V., 2025) Saatçioğlu, Kenan; Venkatraman, Prabhuraj D.This article employs life cycle assessment (LCA) using openLCA software to compare the environmental and economic indicators of upcycled fashion accessories made from end-of-life polyvinyl chloride (PVC) flex banners with those made from conventional materials like nylon and polyester. Six bags were designed, produced from end-of-life PVC flex banners, and compared to nylon and polyester fabric bags. Data related to the manufacturing process of these bags, including material usage, transport, and production, were analysed for comparison. The LCA results revealed that upcycled bags made from end-of-life PVC flex banners are more environmentally friendly than their nylon and polyester counterparts. Out of the 16 environmental impact categories analysed in the study, U-PVC bags were shown to have a lower impact in 12 categories: 1) fossil depletion, 2) freshwater ecotoxicity, 3) freshwater eutrophication, 4) marine ecotoxicity, 5) marine eutrophication, 6) ozone depletion, 7) particulate matter formation, 8) photochemical oxidant formation, 9) terrestrial acidification, 10) terrestrial ecotoxicity, 11) urban land occupation, and 12) water depletion. Moreover, the carbon footprint of U-PVC bags was 574.89 kg CO2 eq, which is lower than the carbon footprints of C-PA bags at 612.56 kg CO2 eq and C-PES bags at 609.76 kg CO2 eq. Additionally, the average manufacturing cost of U-PVC bags was £49.86, compared to £66.80 for C-PA bags and £67.09 for C-PES bags. This indicates that U-PVC bags are not only more environmentally sustainable but also more economical compared to C-PA and C-PES bags. Our research highlights the potential to upcycle end-of-life PVC flex banners into shoulder backpack bags, demonstrating the viability of PVC upcycling to reduce environmental impact. © 2025 The Authors
