Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia L.) protein isolate as a new source of alternative plant-based protein: cytotoxicity, immunoreactivity, nutritional and functional properties

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dc.authorid0009-0000-3593-8240
dc.authorid0000-0002-6834-4833
dc.contributor.authorKorkmaz, Fatma
dc.contributor.authorGungor, Sevde Nur
dc.contributor.authorGulec, Sukru
dc.contributor.authorSakarya, Fatma Betul
dc.contributor.authorAndac, Ali Emre
dc.contributor.authorYilmaz Tuncel, Nese
dc.contributor.authorOzkan, Gulay
dc.date.accessioned2026-02-03T12:03:07Z
dc.date.available2026-02-03T12:03:07Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.departmentÇanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractThe objective of this research was to develop an alternative plant-based protein isolate using sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia L.) seeds. The extraction process was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) based on the Box-Behnken Design, which examined the effects of key parameters: solvent/solid ratio (10-50 mL/g), pH (8-11), temperature (20-50 degrees C), and extraction time (30-120 min), aiming to maximize protein yield. The optimal extraction conditions identified were a solvent/solid ratio of 49.96 mL/g, pH of 10.99, temperature of 20 degrees C, and a duration of 38.55 min, achieving a protein yield of 56.36%. Additionally, the amino acid composition, cytotoxicity, immunoreactivity, and functional properties of the sainfoin seed protein isolate (SPI) were evaluated. SPI exhibited a high crude protein content of 91.44%, with arginine being the most abundant amino acid at 158.20 mg/g. The protein isolate comprised a remarkable value of 50.26% essential amino acids. Additionally, SPI demonstrated desirable functional properties, including solubility of 53.95% at neutral pH, water holding capacity of 2.36 g/g, and oil binding capacity of 4.68 g/g. Its emulsifying performance was notable, with emulsion activity and stability values of 66.67% and 77.50%, respectively. Moreover, in vitro cell culture studies demonstrated that sainfoin seed protein exhibited no adverse effects on cellular toxicity or immunoreactivity. This study highlights the potential of SPI as a novel, high-quality plant protein source with promising nutritional and functional properties and demonstrates its potential as a functional ingredient in the formulation of plant-based foods, meat analogs, and dietary supplements.
dc.description.sponsorshipTrkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arascedil;timath;rma Kurumu [122O931]
dc.description.sponsorshipThanks to the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye (TUB & Idot;TAK) for funding this research (Project No: 122O931).
dc.identifier.doi10.1007/s00217-025-04910-y
dc.identifier.endpage4718
dc.identifier.issn1438-2377
dc.identifier.issn1438-2385
dc.identifier.issue12
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105020038209
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.startpage4703
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-025-04910-y
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12428/34978
dc.identifier.volume251
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001602274600001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ2
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherSpringer
dc.relation.ispartofEuropean Food Research and Technology
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.snmzKA_WOS_20260130
dc.subjectSainfoin seed
dc.subjectAlternative plant protein
dc.subjectAmino acid composition
dc.subjectToxicity
dc.subjectIn vitro digestion simulation
dc.titleSainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia L.) protein isolate as a new source of alternative plant-based protein: cytotoxicity, immunoreactivity, nutritional and functional properties
dc.typeArticle

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