Veneer type determines shear bond strength to CAD/CAM multilayer glass-fiber-reinforced polymer frameworks after thermomechanical aging

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dc.authoridÖztürk Ulusoy, Habibe / 0000-0002-5985-9421
dc.authoridAydoğdu, Hasan Murat / 0000-0002-1179-8957
dc.authoridTosun, İlgi / 0000-0003-3614-2409
dc.contributor.authorÖztürk Ulusoy, Habibe
dc.contributor.authorAydoğdu, Hasan Murat
dc.contributor.authorTosun, İlgi
dc.date.accessioned2026-02-03T12:00:29Z
dc.date.available2026-02-03T12:00:29Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.departmentÇanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractBackground This study tested the null hypothesis (H0) that the type of veneering material would have no effect on the shear bond strength (SBS) to multilayer glass-fiber-reinforced polymer (MLG-FRP) frameworks. Methods Eighty-four specimens were prepared from Trinia and Zantex CAD/CAM discs (10 mm diameter, 1 mm thickness) and divided into six subgroups (n = 14). Each subgroup was veneered with composite resin (Ceramage, CE), milled hybrid ceramic (CeraSmart, CS), or 3D-printed hybrid ceramic (VarseoSmile Crown Plus, VS). All specimens underwent thermomechanical aging (240,000 chewing cycles; 5000 thermal cycles at 5–55 °C). SBS was measured using a universal testing machine, and failure modes were classified under a stereomicroscope (20×). Premature test failures (PTFs) were coded as 0 MPa in the ITT analysis, with an additional PP analysis excluding PTFs, and data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc test (α = 0.05) including Shapiro–Wilk, Levene, partial η², and Hedges g (95% CI). Results The null hypothesis that veneering material does not affect bond strength was rejected. Veneering material significantly affected shear bond strength (SBS) (ITT: F = 5.66, p = 0.005; PP: F = 4.30, p = 0.018), while MLG-FRP type and interaction were not significant (p > 0.05). In intention-to-treat analysis (PTFs = 0 MPa), composite resin (CE: 12.87 ± 2.66 MPa; 95% CI: 11.88–13.86) outperformed milled (CS: 9.19 ± 6.16 MPa) and 3D-printed hybrids (VS: 9.02 ± 4.74 MPa). Per-protocol analysis confirmed this trend (CE: 12.87 ± 2.66 MPa > CS: 12.87 ± 2.04 ≈ VS: 10.99 ± 2.25). Effect sizes were large (Hedges g up to 1.2). Kaplan–Meier analysis showed 100% survival in CE, significantly higher than CS (p = 0.002) and VS (p = 0.02), with no difference between CS and VS. Failures were mainly adhesive (> 90%). Conclusions The choice of veneering material is a critical determinant of bond strength to MLG-FRP frameworks. Composite resin provided significantly stronger and more durable adhesion than hybrid ceramics under simulated aging, supporting its use for long-term clinical reliability.
dc.description.sponsorshipScientific Research Commission of anakkale Onsekiz Mart University [TSA-2022-4106]
dc.description.sponsorshipThe study was supported by the Scientific Research Commission of Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University [grant numbers: TSA-2022-4106].
dc.identifier.doi10.1186/s12903-025-07247-w
dc.identifier.issn1472-6831
dc.identifier.issue1
dc.identifier.pmid41354775
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105027276478
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ2
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-07247-w
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12428/34626
dc.identifier.volume26
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001660848300002
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ1
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMed
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherBmc
dc.relation.ispartofBmc Oral Health
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.snmzKA_WOS_20260130
dc.subjectFiber-reinforced polymer
dc.subjectCAD/CAM
dc.subjectShear bond strength
dc.subjectComposite resin hybrid ceramic
dc.subjectThermomechanical aging
dc.titleVeneer type determines shear bond strength to CAD/CAM multilayer glass-fiber-reinforced polymer frameworks after thermomechanical aging
dc.typeArticle

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