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Öğe Hydroxylated-graphitic carbon nitride@graphene oxide composites for sensitive electrochemical determination of COVID-19 drug molnupiravir: Effect of modifier composition(Elsevier, 2025) Emre, Deniz; Yılmaz, Selehattin; Bilici, AliIn this research, pencil graphite electrode (PGE) surfaces were modified with a two-dimensional and multifunctional composite material consisting of hydroxylated graphitic carbon nitride (hCN) and graphene oxide (GO) components for sensitive voltammetric determination of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) drug molnupiravir (MLP). The synthesis of carbon nitride, hCN, GO, and the composite material (hCN@GO) included thermal polymerization, hydroxylation, intermediate Hummer's method, and sonochemical processes, respectively. Then, the resulting composite material was electrochemically loaded on the PGE surface. The effects of various experimental parameters, such as the supporting electrolyte, pH, buffer concentration, and scan speed, on the analytical signal were investigated. The most vital one was the composite composition loaded on the PGE. The highest signal was obtained when the PGE surface was coated with the hCN:GO ratio of 30:70 (as weight%). The findings assigned electrode modification with proper composition led to an approximately 17-fold increase in the electrochemically active surface area and a 100-fold decrease in the charge transfer resistance of bare PGE. Thus, it could achieve approximately a 3-fold lower detection limit. The sensor exhibited a linear response in the 7-300 nM MLP concentration range with a detection limit of 2.2 nM without significant interference.Öğe Genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of polystyrene nanoplastics on human lymphocytes: A comprehensive analysis(Elsevier, 2025) Berber, Ahmet Ali; Akıncı Kenanoğlu, Nihan; Demir, Şefika Nur; Aksoy, HüseyinA growing amount of plastic waste is finding its way into natural ecosystems as a result of the widespread usage of plastics in modern society. These wastes degrade physically and biologically over time, transforming into microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs). MPs and NPs emissions from the terrestrial environment then mix with rivers and eventually the seas, forming garbage. The cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of 50 nm polystyrene nanoplastics (PsNP) on human lymphocytes were assessed using the in vitro mitotic index (MI), micronucleus (MN), and comet assays. Both 24 and 48-h applications were performed for MI, and it was determined that 50 nm PsNP provided a statistically significant decrease in MI compared to the control at all concentrations and application times (except 0.001 and 0.1 mu g/mL at 24 h). According to the MN test results, the MN frequency increased significantly at all concentrations when compared to the negative control. In the comet test, a statistically significant increase of comet tail length was observed at 0.001, 10 and 100 mu g/mL concentration with 50 nm PsNP exposure. Tail moment also showed a statistically significant increase at the lowest concentration of 0.001 mu g/mL and the highest concentration of 1, 10, 100 mu g/mL compared to the negative control. All test results show that PsNP has both genotoxic and cytotoxic potential.Öğe Deciphering the genotoxic and cytotoxic properties of teicoplanin: a combined laboratory and computational investigation(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2025) Berber, Ahmet Ali; Alıravcı, Işıl Deniz; Akıncı Kenanoğlu, Nihan; Demir, Şefika NurIn this study, the mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of the teicoplanin antibiotic were first investigated using the Vega Hub and Toxtree software through in silico prediction. The cytotoxic and genotoxic effects were evaluated using in vitro assays, including the mitotic index (MI), micronucleus (MN), nuclear division index (NDI), and Comet Assay (CA) in human lymphocytes. In the in vitro studies, both 24-hour and 48-hour exposures were conducted for MI, and teicoplanin significantly decreased MI compared to the control at all concentrations. In addition, a significant increase was detected in the MN frequency compared to the negative control at all concentrations. In the Comet assay, tail length significantly increased compared to the control at all concentrations except for 5.6 mu g/mL, while tail moment and comet tail intensity significantly increased at all concentrations compared to the control. In conclusion, within the concentration range used in this study, teicoplanin was found to have cytotoxic and genotoxic effects.Öğe Evaluation of antioxidant activity, anti-lipid peroxidation effect and elemental impurity risk of some wild Agaricus species mushrooms(Bmc, 2025) Okumuş, Emine; Canbolat, Fadime; Acar, İsmailBackgroundMushrooms are natural antioxidant sources that have been consumed as food from past to present and have a nutraceutical effect thanks to the bioactive components they contain. The aim of this study is to comparatively evaluate the antioxidant activity, total phenolic content (TPC) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) inhibition effect of three mushroom species (A. bernardii, A. bresadolanus and A. cupreobrunneus) belonging to the Agaricus genus and to perform the carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic risk assessment of toxic elements such as cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), arsenic (As) and mercury (Hg) in mushrooms.ResultsThe highest antioxidant activity (12.85 mg/mL), TPC (993.04 mg GAE/100 g), and LPO inhibition effect (2.50 mg/mL) were detected in A. bresadolanus mushroom. The lowest content of bioactive compounds was measured in A. cupreobrunneus mushroom. The range of Cd, Pb, As, and Hg levels detected in the three mushroom species were 1775.54-7521.61 mu g/kg, 1176.87-2377.37 mu g/kg, 15201.26-3092.53 mu g/kg and 147.86-576.53 mu g/kg, respectively. The THQ value of As in A. bresadolanus was found to be higher than 1. The HI values of A. bernardii, A. cupreobrunneus and A. bresadolanu were 1.29, 0.98 and 5.57, respectively. The CR values of Cd, As, and Hg were found to be around 10- 4 in A. bernardii, A. cupreobrunneus, and A. bresadolanus. Meanwhile, the CR levels of Pb were found to be around 10- 6 in the three mushrooms. The HI value for non-carcinogenic risk assessment was higher than 1, and the CR for carcinogenic effect was around 10- 4, indicating that consumption of these mushrooms poses a risk to human health.ConclusionsIt is thought that the elemental impurity levels in the analysed edible mushroom species were found to be at a risk potential level, and despite their antioxidant properties, uncontrolled consumption of wild edible mushrooms may cause serious risks. In order to minimize these risks, metal risk assessment studies should be continued in addition to the antioxidant effects and health-beneficial properties of mushrooms.Öğe Is AI the future of evaluation in medical education?? AI vs. human evaluation in objective structured clinical examination(Bmc, 2025) Tekin, Murat; Yurdal, Mustafa Onur; Toraman, Çetin; Korkmaz, Güneş; Uysal, İbrahimBackgroundObjective Structured Clinical Examinations (OSCEs) are widely used in medical education to assess students' clinical and professional skills. Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) offer opportunities to complement human evaluations. This study aims to explore the consistency between human and AI evaluators in assessing medical students' clinical skills during OSCE.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted at a state university in Turkey, focusing on pre-clinical medical students (Years 1, 2, and 3). Four clinical skills-intramuscular injection, square knot tying, basic life support, and urinary catheterization-were evaluated during OSCE at the end of the 2023-2024 academic year. Video recordings of the students' performances were assessed by five evaluators: a real-time human assessor, two video-based expert human assessors, and two AI-based systems (ChatGPT-4o and Gemini Flash 1.5). The evaluations were based on standardized checklists validated by the university. Data were collected from 196 students, with sample sizes ranging from 43 to 58 for each skill. Consistency among evaluators was analyzed using statistical methods.ResultsAI models consistently assigned higher scores than human evaluators across all skills. For intramuscular injection, the mean total score given by AI was 28.23, while human evaluators averaged 25.25. For knot tying, AI scores averaged 16.07 versus 10.44 for humans. In basic life support, AI scores were 17.05 versus 16.48 for humans. For urinary catheterization, mean scores were similar (AI: 26.68; humans: 27.02), but showed considerable variance in individual criteria. Inter-rater consistency was higher for visually observable steps, while auditory tasks led to greater discrepancies between AI and human evaluators.ConclusionsAI shows promise as a supplemental tool for OSCE evaluation, especially for visually based clinical skills. However, its reliability varies depending on the perceptual demands of the skill being assessed. The higher and more uniform scores given by AI suggest potential for standardization, yet refinement is needed for accurate assessment of skills requiring verbal communication or auditory cues.Öğe Inhibitory effect of Curcumin on a cervical cancer cell line via the RAS/RAF signaling pathway(F Hernandez, 2025) Özdemir, İlhan; Zaman, Fuat; Doğan Baş, Dilek; Sarı, Umut; Öztürk, Şamil; Tuncer, Mehmet CudiObjective. Cervical cancer has a very important place in female infertility and ranks fourth among cancers affecting women. Curcumin (CUR) is closely associated with the expression and activity of various regulatory proteins. It is also known that curcumin has preventive and therapeutic effects on various types of cancer. In this study, the anticancer activities of curcumin were demonstrated in the human cervical cancer cell line (HeLa). Methods. qRT-PCR and western blot analyses were used to evaluate mRNA and protein expression of curcumin in HeLa and immortalized human skin keratinocyte cell lines (HaCaT) (proliferation and apoptosis regulatory markers of the RAS/RAF signaling pathway). MTT analysis was performed, showing HeLa and HaCaT cell proliferation depending on the dose and duration of curcumin and doxorubicin. A wound scratch healing assay was applied to examine cell migration and invasion of HeLa after curcumin application. To determine the role of curcumin and doxorubicin in the apoptosis of HeLa cells, the mRNA levels of caspase-3 were examined by qRT-PCR. The results were analyzed with a one-way ANOVA SPSS 20.0 program. Results. CUR (IC50: 242.8 mu M) and DOX (IC50: 92.1 mu M) were determined to have the ability to inhibit the proliferation of HeLa cells and induce apoptosis over a 72-hour period and dose- dependently. Moreover, the results revealed that the mRNA and protein expression levels of RAF and RAS in HeLa cells were downregulated by CUR and DOX. Conclusions. The findings show that an alternative treatment method for cervical cancer can be developed with the application of CUR and DOX. Alternative methods for cervical cancer treatment may be developed using different methods in future studies.Öğe Assessment of genotoxic and cytotoxic effects in COVID-19 patients(Cukurova Univ, Fac Medicine, 2025) Alıravcı, Işıl Deniz; Berber, Ahmet Ali; Akıncı Kenanoğlu, Nihan; Ertekin, Yusuf HaydarPurpose: The objective of our study was to ascertain whether the SARS-CoV-2 virus exerts direct cytotoxic and genotoxic effects on human blood defence cells. Materials and Methods: An in vitro analysis was conducted to assess the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of the virus using three established tests: the mitotic index (MI), micronucleus (MN), and comet assay (CA). These tests were applied to blood samples from 101 patients. The blood samples were simultaneously analyzed using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test. The study population included patients of all ages and genders who presented to the outpatient clinic with symptoms suggestive of a respiratory tract infection and fever. Results: The frequency of MN in the human lymphocytes of COVID-19-infected patients (1.06) was higher compared to COVID-19-negative patients (0.68). Similarly, in COVID-19-positive individuals, parameters such as tail length (3.67), tail moment (1.786), and tail intensity in the comet assay showed a significant increase compared to the negative control, indicating DNA damage. In the cytotoxicity assessment, the MI frequency of COVID-19-positive individuals (0.041) was significantly lower than that of negative controls (0.051). Gender did not influence the cyto/genotoxicity (except for tail length) in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. Among age groups, the SARS-CoV-2 virus increased MI frequency and tail intensity only in middle-aged individuals (26-36 years). Conclusion: The SARS-CoV-2 virus has the potential to induce cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in the human lymphocytes of infected individuals.Öğe Thymoquinone Enhances Doxorubicin Efficacy via RAS/RAF Pathway Modulation in Ovarian Adenocarcinoma(MDPI, 2025) Toprak, Veysel; Özdemir, İlhan; Öztürk, Şamil; Yanar, Orhan; Kızıldemir, Yusuf Ziya; Tunçer, Mehmet CudiBackground/Objectives: Ovarian cancer remains one of the most commonly diagnosed malignancies among women worldwide. The heterogeneity among tumor subtypes and the emergence of treatment resistance have raised significant concerns regarding the long-term efficacy of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy. In response to these challenges, drug repurposing strategies-utilizing existing drugs in novel therapeutic contexts-have gained increasing attention. This study aimed to investigate the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of the combined application of doxorubicin (DX) and thymoquinone (TQ) on ovarian adenocarcinoma cells (OVCAR3). Methods: OVCAR3 cells were cultured in RPMI medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 1% penicillin/streptomycin. Cell viability and proliferation were assessed using the MTT assay following treatment with various concentrations of DX and TQ. NucBlue immunofluorescence staining was employed to examine nuclear morphology and to identify apoptosis-associated changes. Additionally, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was per-formed to evaluate the expression levels of apoptosis-related and oncogenic pathway genes, including RAF, RAS, Bcl-2, and Bax. Results: The results demonstrated that the combination of DX and TQ significantly reduced OVCAR3 cell viability and induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. qRT-PCR analysis revealed a downregulation of RAS, RAF, and Bcl-2 expression, along with an upregulation of Bax, indicating activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. These findings suggest that thymoquinone exerts an-ti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects by modulating the RAS/RAF signaling cascade. Furthermore, the co-administration of thymoquinone with doxorubicin potentiated these effects, suggesting a synergistic interaction between the two agents. Conclusions: Histopathological and molecular evaluations further confirmed the activation of apoptosis and the suppression of key oncogenic pathways. Collectively, these results underscore the therapeutic potential of thymoquinone as both a monotherapy and an adjuvant to conventional chemotherapy, warranting further validation in preclinical and clinical studies.Öğe Antibiotic Resistance Trends in ESKAPE Pathogens Isolated at a Health Practice and Research Hospital: A Five-Year Retrospective Study(J Infection Developing Countries, 2024) Orhan, Zerife; Kirişci, Özlem; Doğaner, Adem; Altun, Mehzat; Küçük, Burak; Aral, MuratIntroduction: Antimicrobial resistance remains a global threat with increasing morbidity and mortality rates. The aim of this study was to identify the antimicrobial resistance trends among ESKAPE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp.) isolated from clinical samples at a Health Practice and Research Hospital over five years. Methodology: Microbiological diagnosis utilized classical culture methods and automated systems. Antimicrobial susceptibility analysis was conducted using BD Phoenix, adhering to European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) standards. Results: A total of 15,272 clinical strains of ESKAPE pathogens were identified in this study. The most frequently isolated pathogens among ESKAPE were K. pneumoniae (3.938, 27.79%), Acinetobacter baumannii (3,013, 19.73%) and Enterococcus faecium (2,966, 19.24%). Bacterial strains were isolated predominantly from urine (3,263, 21.37%), followed by blood cultures (3,099, 20.29%). ESKAPE pathogens were most commonly found in internal intensive care units (4,758, 31.16%), followed by surgical intensive care units (4,000, 26.19%). Reduced resistance rates were observed for most antibiotics against Enterococcus faecium and Staphylococcus aureus. The vancomycin resistance rate for Enterococcus faecium was 18.48%, and the methicillin resistance rate for Staphylococcus aureus was 44.87%. A concerning trend of increasing antimicrobial resistance was noted in Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp. Conclusions: The alarming rise in antimicrobial resistance among Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Klebsiella pneumoniae is a significant concern. The high rates of antimicrobial resistance observed in ESKAPE pathogens underscore the urgent need for improvement in antimicrobial stewardship and infection prevention and control programs.Öğe Toxicity Evaluation of Statin Group Drugs Using in Silico Methods(Sakarya University, 2024) Berber, Ahmet Ali; Öztürk, Sinem; Ömeroğlu, MuratCardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain a leading cause of mortality in modern society, with factors such as sedentary lifestyles, unhealthy diets, and obesity contributing to their increasing prevalence. The widespread use of Statins for lipidlowering therapy in both primary and secondary cardiovascular prevention is anticipated to rise in response to this trend. Given the rapid escalation in the prevalence of Statin usage, it is imperative to understand their toxicological effects on public health. While previous studies have explored various pharmacological effects of statins, comprehensive investigations into their genotoxic and Mutagenic potential are lacking. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive In silico evaluation of Statins using four different toxicological assessment programs, focusing on various genotoxicity, carcinogenicity, Mutagenicity, and Micronucleus formation endpoints. By comparing program outputs with experimental data, we assessed the reliability of In silico Toxicity predictions and discussed the consistency among different platforms. Our findings suggest discrepancies among the predictions of different programs, highlighting the importance of integrating multiple sources of data and methodologies in Toxicity evaluations. Despite inconsistencies, integrating in silico predictions with future in vitro and in vivo studies can contribute to a better understanding of the toxicological properties of statins and ensure their safe usage. This study underscores the necessity of careful evaluation and utilization of multiple data sources in decision-making regarding the toxicological profile of statins. Ultimately, leveraging in silico methods to guide future comprehensive toxicological studies will enhance our understanding of Statins' safety profiles and contribute to public health research. © 2024, Sakarya University Journal of Science. All rights reserved.Öğe Corrigendum to “Spatial distribution and isotopic signatures of N and C in mosses across Europe” [Sci. Total Environ. 958 (2025) 178043](S0048969724082007)(10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.178043)(Elsevier B.V., 2025) Izquieta-Rojano, Sheila; Morera-Gómez, Yasser; Elustondo, David; Lasheras, Esther; Santamaría, Carolina; Torrens-Baile, Julen; Alber, Renate; Coşkun, Mahmut; Coşkun, MünevverThe authors regret that the printed version of the above article contained two errors in the author list. The correct and final version of the author list and their corresponding affiliations follows. The added authors are Winfried Schröder and Harald G. Zechmeister. These individuals provided both samples and data from previously analyzed samples, and contributed to the initial manuscript draft. The authors would like to sincerely apologize for any inconvenience caused and greatly appreciate the understanding of the two authors mistakenly included and the two authors initially omitted. Sheila Izquieta-Rojanoa, Yasser Morera-Gómeza, David Elustondoa, Esther Lasherasa, Carolina Santamaríaa, Julen Torrens-Bailea, Renate Alberb, Lambe Barandovskic, Mahmut Coşkund, Munevver Coskune, Helena Danielssonf, Ludwig De Temmermang, Harry Harmensh, Zvonka Jerani, Sébastien Leblondj, Javier Martínez-Abaigark, Encarnación Núñez-Oliverak, Winfried Schröderl, Gunilla Pihl Karlssonf, Juha Piispanenm, Harald G. Zechmeistern, Zdravko Spirico, Trajče Stafilovc, Lotti Thönip, Jesús Miguel Santamaríaa aUniversidad de Navarra, Instituto de Biodiversidad y Medioambiente BIOMA, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain bAgency for Environment and Climate Protection, Biological Laboratory, Unterbergstr. 2, 39055 Leifers, Italy cInstitute of Physics, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ss Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, POB 162, 1000 Skopje, Macedonia dCanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Medicine, Turkey eCanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Vocational Health School, Turkey fIVL - Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Sweden gVeterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre CODA-CERVA, Tervuren, Belgium hUK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK iJožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia jPatriNat (OFB, MNHN), 12 Rue Buffon, CP39, 75005 Paris, France kUniversidad de La Rioja, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Madre de Dios 53, 26006 Logroño, Spain lChair of Landscape Ecology, University of Vechta, P.O.B. 1553, 49364 Vechta, Germany mNatural Resources Institute Finland, Paavo Havaksen tie 3, FI-90570 Oulu, Finland nUniversity of Vienna, Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, Rennweg 14, 1030 Vienna, Austria oGreen Infrastructure Ltd., Borongajska cesta 81c., HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia pFUB - Research Group for Environmental Monitoring, Alte Jonastrasse 83, 8640 Rapperswil, Switzerland © 2025 The Author(s)Öğe Arginine-functionalized graphene quantum dots@palladium composite modified pencil graphite electrode for electrochemical detection of DNA-mitomycin C interaction(Elsevier Ltd, 2025) Denizhan, Nuray; Yılmaz, Selehattin; Özkan-Arıksoysal, Dilsat; Emre, Deniz; Bilici, AliIn the present study, modified pencil graphite electrodes were prepared by synthesizing a novel nanocomposite with palladium and arginine-functionalized graphene quantum dots (Arg@GQDs) for the electrochemical monitoring of anticancer compound mitomycin C (MC) and double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) interaction for the first time. The oxidation responses of both guanine in DNA and the MC drug were measured in the same potential scanning range, and the drug-DNA interaction was determined by the differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) method. To improve the performance of the developed system, experimental parameters such as dsDNA and MC concentration and their interaction times were optimized. The surfaces obtained after the modification were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy (UV–Vis), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photon spectroscopy (XPS), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) methods. The developed nanocomposite-modified electrodes (Arg@GQD@Pd@PGEs) provided higher guanine oxidation signals than PGEs. The limit of detection (LOD) values for dsDNA immobilized on PGE and Arg@GQD@Pd@PGEs were 0.713 pg 50 μL−1 and 0.019 pg 50 μL−1, respectively.Öğe Evaluation of DNA damages in congenital hearing loss patients(Elsevier B.V., 2021) Çağlar, Özge; Çobanoğlu, Hayal; Uslu, Atilla; Çayır, AkınIn the current study, we aimed to compare the level of genetic damages measured as micronucleus (MN), nucleoplasmic bridge (NPB), and nuclear bud formation (NBUD) in congenital hearing loss patients (n = 17) and control group (n = 24). The cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus assay (CBMN) was applied to the blood samples to measure the frequency of the markers in both groups. The frequencies of MN of hearing loss patients were found to be consistently significantly higher than those obtained for the control group (p < 0.0001). Similarly, we found significantly higher frequency of NPB in patients was obtained for the patient group (p < 0.0001). Finally, the frequencies of NBUD in patients is significantly higher than the level measured in the control group (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, the age-adjusted MNL, BNMN, NPB, and NBUD frequencies in the patients were significantly higher than those obtained in the control group. We observed that the frequency of MN in patients was positively correlated with NBUD frequency which may indicate a common mechanism for these biomarkers in the patient group. We found, for the first time, that there were statistically significant higher levels of MN, NPB, and NBUD in sensorineural hearing loss patients. Since the markers we evaluated were linked with crucial diseases, our findings might suggest that sensorineural hearing loss patients are susceptible to several crucial diseases, especially cancer. Furthermore, the results demonstrated the significance of the MN, NPB, and NBUD level and thus provides a potential marker for the diagnosis of congenital hearing loss patients.Öğe Assessment of genetic damage induced by gadolinium-based radiocontrast agents(Elsevier GmbH, 2022) Çobanoğlu, HayalBackground: Today, although gadolinium based contrast agents have been frequently used in the field of medicine, there is limited data available whether gadolinium based agents affect the genome. Aim: The present study aimed to investigate the genotoxic and cytotoxic potentials of gadoteric acid and gadoversetamide used as gadolinium-based contrast agents for magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Material and methods: The cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay was applied to human peripheral blood lymphocytes to assess the genotoxicity measured as micronucleus (MN), nucleoplasmic bridge (NPBs) and nuclear bud (NBUDs) frequencies. Furthermore, cytokinesis-block proliferation index (CBPI) was calculated to determine cytostasis. Lymphocytes were treated with gadoteric acid at concentrations of 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, and 25 mM and with gadoversetamide at concentrations of 0.25, 1.0, 2.5, and 5.0 mM for 48 h. Results: Gadoteric acid did not cause significant increase in MN, NBPs and NBUDs frequencies and CBPI values at any concentration. Gadoversetamide induced significantly increase MN formation at concentration of 2.5 mM, NBP formation at concentrations of 1.0 and 2.5 mM, and NBUD formation at concentrations of 0.25, 1.0 and 2.5 mM. Additionally, gadoversetamide exposure resulted in statistically significant decrease in CBPI values compared to the control at concentrations of 2.5 and 5.0 mM. In addition, CBPI levels in response to concentrations of gadoversetamide was negatively and significantly associated with concentration. Conclusion: These findings show that gadoteric acid does not have genotoxic or cytotoxic potential, while gadoversetamide might have both genotoxic and cytotoxic potential on human peripheral blood lymphocytes. As a comparison, gadoversetamide was found more genotoxic and cytotoxic.Öğe Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Porella pinnata L. Extract and Evaluation of Biological Activity(Pleiades Publishing Inc, 2024) Şimşek, Özcan; Demir, Neslihan; Erdener, Diğdem; Karakaş, İlke; Hacıoğlu Doğru, NurcihanDeveloping an eco-friendly method for producing nanomaterials is an area of significant research and commercial interest owing to its numerous applications in various disciplines. This study used a simple green synthesis approach to produce silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Porella pinnata L. aqueous extract. Phytochemical constituents of P. pinnata were identified by Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS). The optical, structural, and morphological characteristics of the AgNPs were found using UV visible absorption spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Zeta Potential, and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The AgNPs had an average size of 76-84 nm and were mostly spherical. Considering the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity results, both aqueous extract and AgNP have significant activities against different microorganisms based on the disc diffusion, broth microdilution, and antibiofilm methods. The P. pinnata and AgNPs extracts were significantly inhibited all test culture especially Acinetobacter baumanii ATCC 19606. The agarose gel electrophoresis method showed that extract and AgNP both cleaved DNA by hydrolytic and oxidative. Although both P. pinnata and AgNP extracts have dose-dependent antioxidant activity, AgNP is more effective. Thus, green synthesis AgNPs may be a new alternative therapeutic agent for infection therapy.Öğe Karagöz istavrit (Trachurus trachurus) balığının hematolojik parametrelerine su sıcaklığı, tuzluluk, mevsim, üreme, cinsiyet, balık büyüklüğü ve yaşın etkisi(Kafkas Üniv. Veteriner Fak., 2012) Çelik, Ekrem Şanver; Kaya, Hasan; Yılmaz, Sevdan; Çakıcı, HasanIn order to determine some hematological parameters of horse mackerel, Trachurus trachurus, sampling was conducted between April 2005 and March 2007 at the Dardanelles. Moreover, the effects of season, reproduction, sex, size, age, water temperature, and salinity on the horse mackerel hematologic parameters were investigated. The following annual averages were obtained for the hematological parameters: hematocrit ratio (Hct), females 38.0 +/- 0.32%, males 37.3 +/- 0.36%; hemoglobin level (Hb), females 12.8 +/- 0.13 g/100 mL, males 13.0 +/- 0.16 g/100 mL; erythrocyte (RBC) count, females 1050263.4 +/- 5857.20 mm(3), males 1046081.13 +/- 6319.89 mm(3); leukocyte (WBC) count, females 15797.4 +/- 259.11 mm(3), males 16545.0 +/- 354.54 mm(3); mean corpuscular volume (MCV), females 363.2 +/- 3.12 mu m(3), males 358.8 +/- 3.57 mu m(3); mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), females 123.0 +/- 1.16 pg, males 124.3 +/- 1.48 pg; mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), females 33.7 +/- 0.17 g/100 mL, males 34.8 +/- 0.22 g/100 mL. Hematological parameters differed significantly (P<0.05) between reproduction periods and between seasons. For both, male and female horse mackerel, the Hct, Hb, RBC, WBC, MCV, and MCH values increased significantly (P<0.05) with size and age. The WBC increased significantly (P<0.05) with increasing sea water temperature in both sexes. In this study, the reference values of hematological parameters were obtained and it was concluded that these parameters were affected by physiological (fish size, age, reproduction) and environmental (season, temperature) factors. Such factors as well as the reference values should be taken into consideration when hematologic studies for horse mackerel is to be conducted.Öğe Protective Effects of Curcumin and Resveratrol on Kidney Tissue on Cadmiuminduced Oxidative Stress in Rats(Gazi University, 2024) Çakına, Suat; İrkin, Latife Ceyda; Öztürk, ŞamilObjective: Cadmium (Cd) is a well-known widespread environmental pollutant and is not rapidly excreted by the kidneys; instead, it accumulates and causes kidney damage. This study aimed to compare the effects of antioxidant curcumin and resveratrol on antioxidant defense in Cd-induced rat kidney tissue. Methods: In the study, 36 (200-250 gr) Wistar albino rats were divided into 6 (n=6) groups. Group 1: control; group 2: CdCl2; group 3: curcumin; group 4: CdCl2 + curcumin; group 5: resveratrol; group 6: CdCl2 + resveratrol. At the end of the experiment, malondialdehyde (MDA), total oxidant capacity (TOC), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) activities were measured in kidney tissues. Results: In the CdCl2-treated group, oxidative stress index (OSI), TOC, and MDA levels increased compared with the control group, and TAC values decreased (p<0.05). In the case of resveratrol or curcumin administered with Cd, TAC levels increased, MDA levels, and OSI values decreased compared with the group administered only Cd (p<0.05). Conclusion: Both resveratrol and curcumin may have protective effects in the kidneys against CdCl2-induced oxidative damage.Öğe Amanita vidua: A new record for Turkish Amanita Section Phalloideae based on morphological and molecular data(Trakya University, 2024) Akata, Ilgaz; Kumru, Eda; Şahin, Ergin; Acar, İsmail; Kaya, ErtuğrulIn the present study, fungal specimens collected from Yeşildere village in Uşak province, Türkiye were evaluated. The specimens underwent detailed examination through both mor-phological and DNA (nrITS rDNA region and TEF1a gene) sequence-based phylogenetic analysis. Based on the evaluation of micro- and macromorphological characteristics, and phylogenetic analyses, the specimen was identified as A. vidua Gasch, G. Moreno & P.-A. Moreau. This identification marks A. vidua as a new record for the Turkish Amanita section Phalloideae. The study described this newly recorded species, including specific details such as its location, habitat observations, geographical coordinates, collection date, and pho-tographs showcasing its macro and micromorphological features. Additionally, it also in-cludes illustrations of some microscopic structures of the species. The study is further en-riched with SEM images, offering a detailed view of the species characteristics, and the findings are briefly discussed.Öğe Evaluation of the Antidepressant Effect of Propolis in Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress-Induced Depression Model in Rats(Namık Kemal Univ, 2024) Taşkıran, Ali; Canbolat, Fadime; Yücelli, Sena Nur; Çevreli, BurcuAim: In this study, the antidepressant effect of propolis was investigated in a model of chronic unpredictable depression in rats. Materials and Methods: Wistar-Albino male rats were used in the study and were divided into four groups as propolis, stress, stress + propolis, and control groups. Eight animals were assigned to each group. The experimental protocol was applied to the stress groups for 60 days, and the animals were exposed to different stressors. Propolis extract (100 mg/kg) was administered orally to propolis and stress + propolis groups throughout the experimental protocol. As a result of depression modeling, the Forced Swimming Test, Sucrose Preference Test, and Elevated Plus Maze Test were applied for behavioral evaluation. Twenty-four hour urine samples were collected for quantitative analysis of serotonin 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and its metabolite 5-hydroxy indole acetic acid (5-HIAA) in urine by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. The animals were sacrificed as a result of the experiment process. Results: It was seen that there was a statistical difference for behavioral tests between the groups (p<0.05). The administration of propolis to rats under stress has been shown to alter sugar consumption in rats (p<0.05). For Forced Swimming Test, there was a statistical difference between the stress group and the other groups. For 5-HT and 5-HIAA levels, there was no significant difference between the groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: The findings have shown that propolis extract may help to prevent depression, thanks to its antidepressant-like effects.Öğe Chitosan Nanoparticles Loaded with Quercetin and Valproic Acid: A Novel Approach for Enhancing Antioxidant Activity against Oxidative Stress in the SH-SY5Y Human Neuroblastoma Cell Line(Mdpi, 2024) Canbolat, Fadime; Demir, Neslihan; Tonguç Yayıntaş, Özlem; Pehlivan, Melek; Eldem, Aslı; Kılıçaslan Ayna, Tülay; Şenel, MehmetBackground: Multiple drug-delivery systems obtained by loading nanoparticles (NPs) with different drugs that have different physicochemical properties present a promising strategy to achieve synergistic effects between drugs or overcome undesired effects. This study aims to develop a new NP by loading quercetin (Que) and valproic acid (VPA) into chitosan. In this context, our study investigated the antioxidant activities of chitosan NPs loaded with single and dual drugs containing Que against oxidative stress. Method: The synthesis of chitosan NPs loaded with a single (Que or VPA) and dual drug (Que and VPA), the characterization of the NPs, the conducting of in vitro antioxidant activity studies, and the analysis of the cytotoxicity and antioxidant activity of the NPs in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell lines were performed. Result: The NP applications that protected cell viability to the greatest extent against H2O2-induced cell damage were, in order, 96 mu g/mL of Que-loaded chitosan NP (77.30%, 48 h), 2 mu g/mL of VPA-loaded chitosan NP (70.06%, 24 h), 96 mu g/mL of blank chitosan NP (68.31%, 48 h), and 2 mu g/mL of Que- and VPA-loaded chitosan NP (66.03%, 24 h). Conclusion: Our study establishes a successful paradigm for developing drug-loaded NPs with a uniform and homogeneous distribution of drugs into NPs. Chitosan NPs loaded with both single and dual drugs possessing antioxidant activity were successfully developed. The capability of chitosan NPs developed at the nanometer scale to sustain cell viability in SH-SY5Y cell lines implies the potential of intranasal administration of chitosan NPs for future studies, offering protective effects in central nervous system diseases.
