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Evaluation of DNA damages in congenital hearing loss patients
(Elsevier B.V., 2021) Çağlar, Özge; Çobanoğlu, Hayal; Uslu, Atilla; Çayır, Akın
In the current study, we aimed to compare the level of genetic damages measured as micronucleus (MN), nucleoplasmic bridge (NPB), and nuclear bud formation (NBUD) in congenital hearing loss patients (n = 17) and control group (n = 24). The cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus assay (CBMN) was applied to the blood samples to measure the frequency of the markers in both groups. The frequencies of MN of hearing loss patients were found to be consistently significantly higher than those obtained for the control group (p < 0.0001). Similarly, we found significantly higher frequency of NPB in patients was obtained for the patient group (p < 0.0001). Finally, the frequencies of NBUD in patients is significantly higher than the level measured in the control group (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, the age-adjusted MNL, BNMN, NPB, and NBUD frequencies in the patients were significantly higher than those obtained in the control group. We observed that the frequency of MN in patients was positively correlated with NBUD frequency which may indicate a common mechanism for these biomarkers in the patient group. We found, for the first time, that there were statistically significant higher levels of MN, NPB, and NBUD in sensorineural hearing loss patients. Since the markers we evaluated were linked with crucial diseases, our findings might suggest that sensorineural hearing loss patients are susceptible to several crucial diseases, especially cancer. Furthermore, the results demonstrated the significance of the MN, NPB, and NBUD level and thus provides a potential marker for the diagnosis of congenital hearing loss patients.
Assessment of genetic damage induced by gadolinium-based radiocontrast agents
(Elsevier GmbH, 2022) Çobanoğlu, Hayal
Background: Today, although gadolinium based contrast agents have been frequently used in the field of medicine, there is limited data available whether gadolinium based agents affect the genome. Aim: The present study aimed to investigate the genotoxic and cytotoxic potentials of gadoteric acid and gadoversetamide used as gadolinium-based contrast agents for magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Material and methods: The cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay was applied to human peripheral blood lymphocytes to assess the genotoxicity measured as micronucleus (MN), nucleoplasmic bridge (NPBs) and nuclear bud (NBUDs) frequencies. Furthermore, cytokinesis-block proliferation index (CBPI) was calculated to determine cytostasis. Lymphocytes were treated with gadoteric acid at concentrations of 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, and 25 mM and with gadoversetamide at concentrations of 0.25, 1.0, 2.5, and 5.0 mM for 48 h. Results: Gadoteric acid did not cause significant increase in MN, NBPs and NBUDs frequencies and CBPI values at any concentration. Gadoversetamide induced significantly increase MN formation at concentration of 2.5 mM, NBP formation at concentrations of 1.0 and 2.5 mM, and NBUD formation at concentrations of 0.25, 1.0 and 2.5 mM. Additionally, gadoversetamide exposure resulted in statistically significant decrease in CBPI values compared to the control at concentrations of 2.5 and 5.0 mM. In addition, CBPI levels in response to concentrations of gadoversetamide was negatively and significantly associated with concentration. Conclusion: These findings show that gadoteric acid does not have genotoxic or cytotoxic potential, while gadoversetamide might have both genotoxic and cytotoxic potential on human peripheral blood lymphocytes. As a comparison, gadoversetamide was found more genotoxic and cytotoxic.
Genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of polyethylene microplastics on human peripheral blood lymphocytes
(Elsevier Ltd, 2021) Çobanoğlu, Hayal; Belivermiş, Murat; Sıkdokur, Ercan; Kılıç, Önder; Çayır, Akın
Currently, we need emerging initial data regarding how plastic exposures affect cellular and molecular components and how such interactions will be crucial for human health. We aimed to determine the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of microplastic (MPs,10-45 μm, polyethylene) on human peripheral lymphocytes by using the cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome (CBMN) assay, which is a comprehensive method to reveal a range of mechanisms, not only diseases but also response to environmental exposures. We measured micronucleation (MN), nucleoplasmic bridge formation (NPB), and nuclear bud formation (NBUD) in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. We also measured the cytokinesis-block proliferation index (CBPI) to calculate cytostasis, which indicates cytotoxicity in lymphocytes treated with five different MPs concentrations for 48 h. Even lower concentrations of MPs increased the level of genomic instability. We found that the in vitro MP exposure significantly increased MN, NPB, and NBUD frequencies. Since we investigated the effect of larger particles relative to the lymphocytes, mechanic interaction of MPs with cells, the release of monomer and additives from MPs could be suggested as possible mechanisms accounting for increasing genomic instabilities. We did not observe a decrease in the cell proliferation index, indicating a lack of MPs’ cytotoxic potential. To the best of our knowledge, our study is the first to identify MPs’ genotoxic potential in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. We suggested further studies to investigate the genotoxic and cytotoxic potential of smaller plastics and the chronic effect of MP on the human population.
Fabrication of PAMP/Au and GO/PAMP/Au nanosensors for electrochemical detection of paracetamol in pharmaceutical preparations
(Springer, 2021) Bilici, Ali; Denizhan, Nuray; Emre, Deniz; Yılmaz, Selehattin; Soylukan, Caner; Algi, Fatih
This paper reports on the modification of Pencil Graphite Electrode (PGE) surface with the poly(2-amino-4-methylphenol)/gold (PAMP/Au) and graphene oxide/poly(2-amino-4-methylphenol)/gold (GO/PAMP/Au) nanocomposites, in two steps. The first step is based on the one-pot preparation of composites by template-free chemical oxidation process. In the second step, composites are deposited at PGE surface by electro-oxidation process. Both nanocomposites and modified PGE surfaces are characterized by X-Ray Diffraction method (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), EDAX, and CV analyses. The electrochemical performances of modified electrodes (abbreviated as PAMP/Au-PGE and GO/PAMP/Au-PGE) were investigated. The limit of detection values for PGE, PAMP/Au-PGE, and GO/PAMP/Au-PGE were found to be 2.74 × 10–6, 5.29 × 10–7, and 2.91 × 10–8 mol/dm3, respectively. The limit of quantification values were determined as 9.14 × 10–6, 1.76 × 10–6, and 9.69 × 10–8 mol/dm3 for PGE, PAMP/Au-PGE, and GO/PAMP/Au-PGE, respectively.
RNA modifications as emerging therapeutic targets
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2021) Çayır, Akın
The field of epitranscriptome, posttranscriptional modifications to RNAs, isstill growing up and has presented substantial evidences for the role of RNAmodifications in diseases. In terms of new drug development, RNA modifica-tions have a great promise for therapy. For example, more than 170 type ofmodifications exist in various types of RNAs. Regulatory genes and their rolesin critical biological process have been identified and they are associated withseveral diseases. Current data, for example, identification of inhibitorstargeting RNA modifications regulatory genes, strongly support the idea thatRNA modifications have potential as emerging therapeutic targets. Therefore,in this review, RNA modifications and regulatory genes were comprehensivelydocumented in terms of drug development by summarizing the findings fromprevious studies. It was discussed how RNA modifications or regulatory genescan be targeted by altering molecular mechanisms.This article is categorized under:RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in DiseaseRNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein-RNA Inter-actions: Functional ImplicationsRNA Processing > RNA Editing and Modification
Graphene quantum dots-polyfluorene hybrid nanobiosensor for mitomycin C-DNA interaction sensing
(Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Emre, Deniz; Denizhan, Nuray; Özkan-Arıksoysal, Dilsat; Bilici, Ali; Sonkaya, Ömer; Algı, Fatih; Yılmaz, Selehattin
A novel graphene quantum dots (GQD) / polyfluorene (PF) nanocomposite was deposited on the disposable pencil tip graphite electrode (PGE) and proven to be an efficient nanosensor for analysis of the electrochemical interaction between the antitumor compound mitomycin C (MC) with double stranded DNA (ds-DNA). This modified electrode (GQD@PF-PGE) was prepared in four steps: hydrothermal, chemical oxidation, ultrasonication and electro-oxidation processes. GQD, PF, GQD@PF and GQD@PF-PGE have been characterized by different analytical techniques such as SEM, TEM, XRD, FTIR, UV–Vis, EIS. Compared to bare PGE, GQD@PF modified PGE performed approximately 56 times more sensitive analysis when evaluating the guanine oxidation signals measured by DPV. CV and EIS measurements also showed that GQD@PF-PGE possesses a fast electron transfer as compared to bare electrode and exhibit a remarkable electrocatalytic activity towards both guanine and MC electrooxidation. Comprehensive optimization studies have also been carried out for the developed new nanobiosensor.
Adsorption of uranium (VI) from aqueous solutions using boron nitride/polyindole composite adsorbent
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2024) Emre, Deniz; Selçuk Zorer, Özlem; Bilici, Ali; Budak, Erhan; Yılmaz, Selehattin; Çalışkan Kılıç, Necla; Gökırmak Söğüt, Eda
Turbostratic boron nitride (tBN) surface is modified with polyindole (PIn) by a facile polymerization technique and the uranyl adsorption efficiency of this mesoporous hybrid is investigated. The successful surface modification is confirmed by FT-IR, Raman, XRD, TEM, SEM, EDX, EDS mapping XPS, BET, and zeta potential techniques. The batch experiments are performed in various temperatures (T), contact times (t), pH, and initial solution concentrations (C0) to evaluate its adsorption performance. The optimum adsorption performance is achieved at pH = 5.0–5.5, T = 307 K, t = 10 min, C0 = 18 mg L−1. These experimental results are evaluated using Freundlich, Redlich–Peterson, and Langmuir isotherm models, which presents equivalent regression coefficients. Maximum adsorption capacity (qm) of the nanoadsorbent (tBN/PIn), determined by the Langmuir isotherm, is 315.29 mg g−1. The adsorption kinetics of uranyl ions on tBN/PIn are in harmony with the pseudo-second order model. tBN/PIn nanoadsorbent provides high adsorption efficiency even at exceptionally low UO22+ concentration range (4–40 mg L−1) and low adsorbent mass (0.005 g). XPS analysis results show that 0.05% of uranium is adsorbed on tBN/PIn via mainly U-O coordination. The results of present study demonstrate that tBN/PIn can a potential adsorbent for removing uranium from aqueous solutions.
Identification of the Candidate mGlu2 Allosteric Modulator THRX-195518 through In Silico Method and Evaluation of Its Neuroprotective Potential against Glutamate-Induced Neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y Cell Line
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2024) Canbolat, Fadime; Kantarci-Carsibasi, Nigar; Işık, Sevim; Shamshir, Suhair Rami Mohammed; Girgin, Münteha
Glutamate (Glu) toxicity has been an important research topic in toxicology and neuroscience studies. In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that Group II metabotropic Glu2 (mGlu2) activators have cell viability effects. This study aims to determine a candidate ligand with high mGlu2 allosteric region activity among cytotoxicity-safe molecules using the in silico positioning method and to evaluate its cell viability effect in vitro. We investigated the candidate molecule’s cell viability effect on the SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cell line by MTT analysis. In the study, LY 379268 (agonist) and JNJ-46281222 (positive allosteric modulator; PAM) were used as control reference molecules. Drug bank screening yielded THRX-195518 (docking score being −12.4 kcal/mol) as a potential novel drug candidate that has a high docking score and has not been mentioned in the literature so far. The orthosteric agonist LY 379268 exhibited a robust protective effect in our study. Additionally, our findings demonstrate that JNJ-46281222 and THRX-195518, identified as activating the mGlu2 allosteric region through in silico methods, preserve cell viability against Glu toxicity. Therefore, our study not only emphasizes the positive effects of this compound on cell viability against Glu toxicity but also sheds light on the potential of THRX-195518, acting as a mGlu2 PAM, based on in silico absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) data, as a candidate drug molecule. These findings underscore the potential utility of THRX-195518 against both neurotoxicity and Central Nervous System (CNS) disorders, providing valuable insights.
Occupational exposure to radiation among health workers: Genome integrity and predictors of exposure
(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Çobanoğlu, Hayal; Çayır, Akın
The current study aimed to investigate genomic instabilities in healthcare workers who may experience varying levels of radiation exposure through various radiological procedures. It also sought to determine if factors related to the work environment and dosimeter reading could effectively explain the observed genomic instabilities. Utilizing the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay (CBMN) on peripheral blood lymphocytes, we assessed a spectrum of genomic aberrations, including nucleoplasmic bridge (NPB), nuclear budding (NBUD), micronucleus (MN) formation, and total DNA damage (TDD). The study uncovered a statistically significant increase in the occurrence of distinct DNA anomalies among radiology workers (with a significance level of P < 0.0001 for all measurements). Notably, parameters such as total working hours, average work duration, and time spent in projection radiography exhibited significant correlations with MN and TDD levels in these workers. The dosimeter readings demonstrated a positive correlation with the frequency of NPB and NBUD, indicating a substantial association between radiation exposure and these two genomic anomalies. Our multivariable models identified the time spent in projection radiography as a promising parameter for explaining the overall genomic instability observed in these professionals. Thus, while dosimeters alone may not fully explain elevated total DNA damage, intrinsic work environment factors hold potential in indicating exposure levels for these individuals, providing a complementary approach to monitoring.
Effect of Boric Acid on Metabolic Peptides and Some Biochemical Parameters in Experimental Diabetic Rats
(Springer, 2024) Çakır, Selcen
Boron (B) is an element that has recently been wondered and researched in many fields, especially due to its effects on energy metabolism. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of boric acid (BA) on newly discovered energy metabolism peptides that have not been studied before. In this study, the effects of 15 mg/kg of BA were evaluated in 24 Wistar rats. Groups were named as control group, 15 mg/kg BA group, streptozotocin (STZ)-induced experimental diabetic group, and STZ-induced experimental diabetic + 15 mg/kg BA administered group (STZ+15 mg/kg BA). Serum asprosin, nesfatin-1, preptin, insulin, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and glucose analyses were performed. In this study, the increase in glucose, TG, TC, LDL-C levels, and AST, ALT activities in STZ-induced groups were reduced with BA administration. While HDL-C level significantly decreased in the STZ group, the level approached the control group values after BA administration (p<0.001). As for peptides, although there was a statistically significant increase after 15 mg/kg BA administration, these levels did not approach the control group values (p<0.001). According to the findings, STZ-induced diabetes mellitus and the biochemical processes that develop accordingly change correlatively. This study showed that BA is effective in energy metabolism.
Analysis of non-carcinogenic health risk assessment of elemental impurities in vitamin C supplements
(Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, 2023) Canbolat, Fadime
Objective(s): Elemental impurity exposure that may occur in the use of supplements has the potential to pose a risk to human health. Vitamin C supplements are among the most commonly used supplements on a daily basis and in the long-term due to the pharmacological properties of vitamin C. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the non-carcinogenic health risk of elemental impurities that may cause contamination in orally administered vitamin C supplements. Materials and Methods: Ten elemental impurities (Cd, Pb, As, Hg, Co, V, Ni, Cr, Sb, and Sn) in 12 supplements were analyzed using ICP-MS. The estimated daily intake (EDI), hazard quotient (HQ), and hazard index (HI) values of elemental impurities were calculated for non-carcinogenic risk assessment. Cancer risk (CR) was additionally calculated for elemental impurities with carcinogenic properties detected in the samples. Results: Low levels of Cr and Hg were detected in some samples. While the HQ values of sample 1, sample 2, sample 8, and sample 9 for Hg were calculated as 0.054, 0.096, 0.064, and 0.086, respectively, the HQ values of sample 5, sample 10, and sample 11 for Cr were calculated as 0.011, 0.017, and 0.014, respectively. Since only Hg or only Cr was detected in samples with elemental impurity, the HI values in the samples are the same as the HQ values. Since the HQ and HI values calculated from the samples are not≥1, there is no elemental impurity at a level that will hazard human health through supplement use. Other carcinogenic elements were not detected in the samples except Cr. In sample 5, sample 10, and sample 11, the CR values for Cr were 1.767.10-5, 2.571.10-5, and 2.089.10-5, respectively. In probability simulation, while HQ and CR values of Cr did not exceed the allowable value, the HQ level for Hg in the 95% slice was higher than the allowable value. Conclusion: There is no risk to human health and there is no critical difference between the supplements considering the elemental pollutant content among the vitamin C supplements of different trademarks. However, in order to keep the Hg level, which has a potential risk capacity, at low limits, it is recommended that the necessary risk-reducing measures be taken by the authorities and further studies be carried out.
Serum glial-derived neurotrophic factor and nerve growth factor levels in patients with COVID-19
(Czech Medical Association J.E. Purkyne, 2023) Türkeri, Ö. N.; Özgeriş, F. B.; Koçak Ö.F.; Kurt N.; Yüce N.; Bakan N.; Parlak E.
Introduction and objective: The new type of coronavirus (COVID-19) causes high fever, fatigue, cough, respiratory distress, diarrhea, headache in some patients, cerebrovascular diseases, unconsciousness, encephalopathy, encephalitis, peripheral nervous system damage, etc. It is a viral respiratory disease that manifests itself with neurological findings. In our study, glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) levels of neurotrophic factors (NF), which ensure the survival, growth, maturation and differentiation of neurons were investigated in COVID-19 patients, including their relationship with the severity of the disease. Materials and methods: Out of a total of 70 participants, 20 participants are in the healthy control group (CG) and 50 participants are in the group of patients with COVID-19 according to PCR test (uncomplicated group [NCG], moderately severe group [MG], severe group [SG]). Serum NGF and GDNF levels in all groups were evaluated spectrophotometrically using ELISA kits. The results were compared both between the patient groups and between the patient and healthy control groups. Results: Serum NGF concentration was significantly higher in the MG group than in the NCG and the SG group (P = 0.042). No statistically significant difference was found in serum GDNF levels in COVID-19 patients and CG. Conclusion: There was no difference in serum NGF and serum GDNF levels in COVID-19 patients compared to the healthy control group.
IN VITRO EVALUATION OF THE ANTIOXIDANT, ANTIBACTERIAL, ANTIBIOFILM, AND CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY OF MENTHA PIPERITA ESSENTIAL OIL
(Slovak University of Agriculture, 2023) Altun, Mehzat
Nowadays, antibacterial resistance to synthetic antibiotics has become a big issue worldwide. Mentha piperita essential oil (EO) and its bioactive components with antibacterial, antibiofilm, and antioxidant properties are recommended for the treatment of microbial infections in traditional medicine. This study aimed to detect phytochemical components, antioxidant and cytotoxic activity; to evaluate antibacterial and antibiofilm effects of M. piperita EO on strains. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) tests were used to determine chemical composition, antioxidant and cytotoxic potentials of EO, respectively. Antibacterial activity was carried out through disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays. The biofilm biomass of bacteria was determined by the crystal violet (CV) staining method. Menthone (27.28%), L-menthol (23.71%), and limonene (7.48%) were the main components. M. piperita EO was found to have strong antibacterial activity with the MIC-MBC values in the range of 0.125-16.00% (v/v) and moderate antioxidant activity. The peppermint EO showed an antibiofilm effect on all strains and a cytotoxic effect on NIH 3T3 cells. M. piperita EO may be used alone or in combination with antibiotics or carrier oils as a therapeutic agent against bacterial infections. Further in vivo experiments should be carried out to detect a safe dosage of EO.
The effect of social interaction on decision making in emergency ambulance teams: a statistical discourse analysis
(BioMed Central Ltd, 2023) Tekin, Murat; Uysal, İbrahim; Toraman, Çetin; Akman, Canan; Aytuğ Koşan, Ayşen Melek; Postacı, Emine Sevinç
Introduction: This study examined the effects of social interaction, cognitive flexibility, and seniority on the correct response among emergency ambulance teams during case intervention. Methods: The research, structured with the sequential exploratory mixed method, was conducted with 18 emergency ambulance personnel. The approach process of the teams working on the scenario was video recorded. The records were transcribed by the researchers, including gestures and facial expressions. Discourses were coded and modeled with regression. Results: The number of discourses was higher in groups with high correct intervention scores. As the level of cognitive flexibility or seniority increased, the correct intervention score tended to decrease too. Informing has been identified as the only variable that positively affects the correct response to the emergency case, especially in the first period, which is directed toward case intervention preparation. Conclusion: Within the findings of the research, it is recommended that activities and scenario-based training practices that will increase the intra-team communication of the emergency ambulance personnel should be included in the medical education and in-service training.
A novel electrochemical biosensor based on palladium nanoparticles decorated on reduced graphene oxide-polyaminophenol matrix for the detection and discrimination of mitomycin C-DNA and acyclovir-DNA interaction
(Elsevier B.V., 2023) Yanık, Suzan; Emre, Deniz; Alp, Meltem; Algı, Fatih; Yılmaz, Selehattin; Bilici, Ali; Özkan-Ariksoysal, Dilsat
Both the design of molecules that will interact specifically with DNA and the determination of the mechanism of action of this drug on DNA are important as they allow the control of gene expression. In particular, rapid and precise analysis of this type of interaction is a vital element for pharmaceutical studies. In the present study, a novel reduced graphene oxide/ palladium nanoparticles/ poly(2-amino-4-chlorophenol) (rGO/Pd@PACP) nanocomposite was synthesized by chemical process to modify pencil graphite electrode (PGE) surface. Here, the performance of the newly developed nanomaterial-based biosensor for drug-DNA interaction analysis has been demonstrated. For this purpose, it was determined whether this system, which was developed by selecting a drug molecule (Mitomycin C; MC) known to interact with DNA and a drug molecule (Acyclovir; ACY) that does not interact with DNA, performs a reliable/accurate analysis. Here, ACY was used as a negative control. Compared to bare PGE, the rGO/Pd@PACP nanomaterial modified sensor exhibited 17 times higher sensitivity performance in terms of guanine oxidation signal measured by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Moreover, the developed nanobiosensor system provided a highly specific determination between the anticancer drug MC and ACY by discrimination the interactions of these drugs with double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). ACY was also preferred in studies for the optimization of the new nanobiosensor developed. ACY was detected in a concentration as low as 0.0513 μM (51.3 nM) (LOD), and limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.1711 μM with a linear range from 0.1 to 0.5 μM.
The emergent role of mitochondrial RNA modifications in metabolic alterations
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2023) Boughanem, Hatim; Bottcher, Yvonne; Tome-Carneiro, Joao; Lopez de Las Hazas, Maria-Carmen; Davalos, Alberto; Çayır, Akın; Macias-Gonzalez, Manuel
Mitochondrial epitranscriptomics refers to the modifications occurring in all the different RNA types of mitochondria. Although the number of mitochondrial RNA modifications is less than those in cytoplasm, substantial evidence indicates that they play a critical role in accurate protein synthesis. Recent evidence supported those modifications in mitochondrial RNAs also have crucial implications in mitochondrial-related diseases. In the light of current knowledge about the involvement, the association between mitochondrial RNA modifications and diseases arises from studies focusing on mutations in both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA genes encoding enzymes involved in such modifications. Here, we review the current evidence available for mitochondrial RNA modifications and their role in metabolic disorders, and we also explore the possibility of using them as promising targets for prevention and early detection. Finally, we discuss future directions of mitochondrial epitranscriptomics in these metabolic alterations, and how these RNA modifications may offer a new diagnostic and theragnostic avenue for preventive purposes. This article is categorized under: RNA Processing > RNA Editing and Modification.
Investigation of the effect of COVID-19 pandemic on employees' psychological symptoms and nutritional habits
(Mattioli 1885, 2021) Kanbur, Savaş
Background: It is anticipated that the fear caused by the possible consequences of Covid-19 virus transmission and the sense of restraint caused by control applications such as quarantine may affect individuals', especially employees' psychological parameters and change their habits. Objectives: The aim of this study is explaining the effect of pandemic conditions and precautionary practices on the psychological parameters and nutritional habits of employees. Methods: In this direction, The SCL-90-R test, which was applied to 400 office workers before the pandemic, was reapplied during the pandemic period and the differences between the psychological symptoms were evaluated statistically. In addition, a mini questionnaire was applied on the change of daily nutritional habits after the pandemic. Results: In the period of pandemic compared to before the pandemic; a definite statistical difference was determined in somatization, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, phobic anxiety, paranoid, and general symptom index symptoms. In addition, an acceptable difference was found for the increase in symptoms of paranoid ideation and obsessive-compulsive, and there was no statistical difference only in symptoms of hostility and psychoticism. In addition, it was found that the majority of the participants experienced a change in their daily eating methods. Conclusion: The increase in almost all of the psychological parameters is not evidence of psychological diseases. However, according to the average results, the parameters closest to evaluation as a problem comply with the observed behaviors in pandemic conditions. The change in nutrition methods is also thought to be a reflection of the psychological factors that changed during the pandemic period.
m6A Regulators in Human Adipose Tissue-Depot-Specificity and Correlation With Obesity
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2021) Ronningen, Torunn; Dahl, Mai Britt; Valderhaug, Tone Gretland; Çayır, Akın; Keller, Maria; Toenjes, Anke; Blueher, Matthias; Boettcher, Yvonne
Background: N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is one of the most abundant post-transcriptional modifications on mRNA influencing mRNA metabolism. There is emerging evidence for its implication in metabolic disease. No comprehensive analyses on gene expression of m6A regulators in human adipose tissue, especially in paired adipose tissue depots, and its correlation with clinical variables were reported so far. We hypothesized that inter-depot specific gene expression of m6A regulators may differentially correlate with clinical variables related to obesity and fat distribution. Methods: We extracted intra-individually paired gene expression data (omental visceral adipose tissue (OVAT) N=48; subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) N=56) of m6A regulators from an existing microarray dataset. We also measured gene expression in another sample set of paired OVAT and SAT (N=46) using RT-qPCR. Finally, we extracted existing gene expression data from peripheral mononuclear blood cells (PBMCs) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in METTL3 and YTHDF3 from genome wide data from the Sorbs population (N=1049). The data were analysed for differential gene expression between OVAT and SAT; and for association with obesity and clinical variables. We further tested for association of SNP markers with gene expression and clinical traits. Results: In adipose tissue we observed that several m6A regulators (WTAP, VIRMA, YTHDC1 and ALKBH5) correlate with obesity and clinical variables. Moreover, we found adipose tissue depot specific gene expression for METTL3, WTAP, VIRMA, FTO and YTHDC1. In PBMCs, we identified ALKBH5 and YTHDF3 correlated with obesity. Genetic markers in METTL3 associate with BMI whilst SNPs in YTHDF3 are associated with its gene expression. Conclusions: Our data show that expression of m6A regulators correlates with obesity, is adipose tissue depot-specific and related to clinical traits. Genetic variation in m6A regulators adds an additional layer of variability to the functional consequences.
RNA A-to-I editing, environmental exposure, and human diseases
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2021) Çayır, Akın
Epigenetic modifications have gained attention since they can be potentially changed with environmental stimuli and can be associated with adverse health outcomes. Epitranscriptome field has begun to attract attention with several aspects since RNA modifications have been linked with critical biological processes and implicated in diseases. Several RNA modifications have been identified as reversible indicating the dynamic features of modification which can be altered by environmental cues. Currently, we know more than 150 RNA modifications in different organisms and on different bases which are modified by various chemical groups. RNA editing, which is one of the RNA modifications, occurs after transcription, which results in RNA sequence different from its corresponding DNA sequence. Emerging evidence reveals the functions of RNA editing as well as the association between RNA editing and diseases. However, the RNA editing field is beginning to grow up and needs more empirical evidence in regard to disease and toxicology. Thus, this review aims to provide the current evidence-based studies on RNA editing modifying genes for genotoxicity and cancer. The review presented the association between environmental xenobiotics exposure and RNA editing modifying genes and focused on the association between the expression of RNA editing modifying genes and cancer. Furthermore, we discussed the future directions of scientific studies in the area of RNA modifications, especially in the RNA editing field, and provided a knowledge-based framework for further studies.
Thiophene-benzimidazolium Polymer Salts: Synthesis, Characterization, Antimicrobial Activities, and Evaluation in Terms of Occupational Health
(Polymer Society of Korea, 2021) Kanbur, Savaş; Ateş, Gülçin Özcan; Altınışık, Sinem; Çınar, Ulaş; Baycan, Fatma
A new thiophene benzimidazole based polymer (TBIP) was synthesized and then the TBIP-Br, TBIP-BF4 and TBIP-ClO4 polymer salts were obtained in water. All polymer salts can be dissolved in environmentally friendly solvents such as water or ethanol. Electrochemical and optical properties of the polymers were elucidated with cyclic voltammetry (CV) and ultraviolet-visible absorption (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. By using CV, the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) values were found as approximately 1.70 eV. According to the atomic force microscopy (AFM) images of the thin film of TBIP, there are homogeneously distributed and smaller particles on the film surface, while the surface of TBIP-Br and TBIP-ClO4 thin films is rougher due to -Br and -ClO4 counter ions being bigger than -BF4. Additionally, the antimicrobial activity of TBIP polymers was also investigated. All TBIP and its salts were showed antimicrobial activity against S. aureus ATCC 6538 and no antimicrobial activity against E. coli ATCC 1301 and ATCC 25922.

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