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Öğe Changes Induced by Copper Toxicity in the Rat Liver and the Effects of Panax Ginseng on These Changes(Pleiades Publishing Inc, 2023) Yildiz, M.; Boyacioglu, M.; Avcioglu, M.; Elmas, SaitCopper is a trace element that accumulates in the body and forms harmful effects. Panax ginseng is a plant that possesses antioxidant properties. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether Panax ginseng protects the livers of rats exposed to copper sulfate. The rats were randomly divided into four groups as control, Panax ginseng, copper sulfate and Panax ginseng + copper sulfate. At the end of the trial, blood and liver samples were obtained from the animals. Biochemical analysis was carried out in blood samples. Oxidant and antioxidant parameters were analyzed in liver samples. In addition, liver tissue sections were stained with the hematoxylin-eosin, Masson's trichrome, periodic acid-Schiff, and rhodanine staining methods for histochemical and histopathological examinations. It was found that serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) levels, also densities of copper and histopathological parameters except for central vein dilatation and malondialdehyde (MDA) value in the liver significantly increased in copper sulfate group compared to control group, but inflammatory cell infiltration and MDA value decreased in Panax ginseng + copper sulfate group compared to copper sulfate group. In addition, it was determined that glycogen density, glutathione (GSH) level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the liver significantly decreased in copper sulfate group compared to control group, and they increased in Panax ginseng + copper sulfate group compared to copper sulfate group. As a result, copper sulfate causes structural and oxidative abnormalities in the liver. Additionally, Panax ginseng helps to protect liver tissue by diminishing oxidative damage in copper sulfate toxicity.Öğe Depression-Anxiety Symptoms Have Negative Effect On Quality Of Life In Older Cases And Patients With Moderate COPD(Amer Thoracic Soc, 2013) Mirici, A.; Yildiz, M.; Oyekcin, D. G.; Gonlugur, U.[Anstract Not Available]Öğe DFT Calculation, Molecular Docking, Biological Activity, and Crystal Structure of (E)-2-((4-tert-Butylbenzylimino)Methyl)-4-Methoxy-Phenol(Pleiades Publishing Inc, 2019) Zeyrek, C. T.; Tumer, Y.; Kiraz, A.; Demir, N.; Yapar, G.; Boyacioglu, B.; Yildiz, M.(E)-2-((4-tert-butylbenzylimino)methyl)-4-methoxyphenol is synthesized by the reaction of 4-tert-buthylbenzylamine with 5-methoxysalicylaldehyde. The structure of the Schiff base is investigated by FT-IR, UV-visible, and H-1 NMR, C-13 NMR, and X-ray data. Moreover, the molecular structure, molecular electrostatic potential surfaces (MEP), frontier molecular orbitals, and nonlinear optical properties (NLO) are also investigated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The experimental and calculated results show that the phenol-imine form of the compound is more favoured than the keto-amine form. The most energy favourable docked structures are obtained from the rigid molecular docking of the compound with DNA. The compound binds at the active site of DNA proteins by weak non-covalent interactions. UV-Vis spectroscopy studies of the interactions between the compounds and calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) show that the compounds interact with CT-DNA via the electrostatic and intercalative binding. The compound inhibits the frameshift and base pair mutations in the absence of S9 mix with a high inhibition rate. Also, the molecular docking is made to identify the interaction between the ligand and DNA.Öğe Dietary Supplementation of Different Levels of Phytogenic Feed Additive in Broiler Diets: The Dynamics of Growth Performance, Caecal Microbiota, and Intestinal Morphometry(Facta-Fundacio Arnco Ciencia Tecnologia Avicolas, 2018) Ahsan, U.; Kuter, E.; Raza, I; Koksal, B. H.; Cengiz, O.; Yildiz, M.; Kizanlik, P. K.The present study was conducted to investigate the influence of different levels of dietary phytogenic feed additive (PFA) on growth performance, caecal microbiota, and intestinal morphology of broilers. A total of 480 Ross-308 one-day-old male broilers chicks (body weight 43 +/- 3 g) were randomly assigned to 32 replicate pens of four experimental groups, each experimental group consisting of 8 replicates (each replicate pen consisting of 15 chicks). A basal diet was formulated based on corn and soybean meal that was fed to the control group. Other dietary treatments received a commercial PFA at 100 mg/kg (PFA100), 125 mg/kg (PFA125), and 150 mg/kg (PFA150). Body weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion rate of broilers were recorded on 1-21, 22-42, and 1-42 days of age. One bird was slaughtered on the 21st and 42nd days and caecal contents were aseptically collected. Jejunal tissue samples were also collected on the same days. Total aerobic bacteria, coliforms, Escherichia coli, and lactobacilli were counted in the caecal contents. Villus height, villus diameter, crypt depth, muscular thickness, and goblet cell number per villus were recorded. There was no difference among the dietary treatments for growth performance and caecal microbe populations at any phase. However, the dietary PFA supplementation increased the villus height, villus width, muscularis thickness, and reduced the crypt depth and goblet cell number per villus in broilers compared to those fed control diets. In conclusion, this study suggests that dietary supplementation of a PFA consisting of blend of different spices and essential oils did not improve growth performance and caecal microbial populations despite a positive improvement in the jejunal morphometry of broilers.Öğe DNA binding, DNA cleavage, antimicrobial activities, antimutagenic and anticancer studies of a Schiff base and its complexes(Wiley-Blackwell, 2016) Yildirim, N.; Demir, N.; Yildiz, M.[Anstract Not Available]Öğe Effects of folic acid on testicular toxicity induced by bisphenol-A in male Wistar rats(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2019) Gules, O.; Yildiz, M.; Naseer, Z.; Tatar, M.We investigated the protective effect of the folic acid (FA) against bisphenol-A (BPA) induced toxicity in rat testis. We used four groups of seven adult male Wistar albino rats. The control group was fed corn oil, the BPA group was given BPA, the FA group was given FA and the FA + BPA group was given FA initially followed by BPA 1 h later. The BPA, FA and corn oil were administered by oral gavage for 14 days. At the end of the experiment, testis sections were examined for histological and histomorphometric characteristics. The TUNEL method was used to detect apoptosis and immunohistochemistry was used to examine the distribution of spermatogonial stem cells. Levels of serum testosterone were measured, and sperm viability and morphology were determined. The histological structure of the testis was normal in the control and FA groups. Although the number of TUNEL positive cells/tubule increased, the seminiferous epithelium height (SEH) at stages VII-VIII decreased in the BPA group compared to the control, FA and FA + BPA groups. The number of TUNEL positive cells/tubule decreased and the SEH at stages VII-VIII increased in the FA + BPA group compared to the BPA group. No significant difference in spermatogonial stem cells was found among groups. The level of serum testosterone and percentage of viable sperm was significantly lower, while the head, midpiece and total sperm abnormalities were significantly higher in the BPA treated group compared to control, FA, FA + BPA groups. It appears that the toxic effects of BPA on testis might be minimized by FA treatment.Öğe Electrooxidation of Phenazopyridine Hydrochloride and its Voltammetric and HPLC Determination in Human Urine and Tablet Dosage Form(Esg, 2013) Yagmur, S.; Yilmaz, S.; Sadikoglu, M.; Saglikoglu, G.; Yildiz, M.; Yengin, C.; Kilinc, E.The electrochemical oxidation of phenazopyridine hydrochloride (PAP) was investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) techniques at ultra trace graphite electrode (UTGE). PAP exhibited a diffusion controlled process which is pH dependence. The dependence of the current and potential on pH, the concentration and nature of buffer, and scan rate was investigated to optimize the experimental conditions for the determination of PAP. It was found that the optimum buffer for the determination of PAP is 0.1 NaOH solutions with the pH 12.97. In the concentration range from 6.0x10(-8) to 1.0x10(-6) M, the current measured by DPV present a good linear property as a function of the concentration of PAP. Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were obtained as 8.1x10(-10) and 2.7x10(-9) M, respectively. PAP was determined in human urine and tablet dosage form. Precision and accuracy of the developed technique were checked by recovery studies in spiked urine and tablet dosage form. In addition, for the comparison, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique was applied for the determination of PAP in the same samples.Öğe Modelling the components of binaries in the Hyades: the dependence of the mixing-length parameter on stellar mass(Oxford Univ Press, 2006) Yildiz, M.; Yakut, K.; Bakis, H.; Noels, A.We present our findings based on a detailed analysis of the binaries of the Hyades, in which the masses of the components are well known. We fit the models of the components of a binary system to observations so as to give the observed total V and B-V of that system and the observed slope of the main sequence in the corresponding parts. According to our findings, there is a very definite relationship between the mixing-length parameter and the stellar mass. The fitting formula for this relationship can be given as alpha = 9.19 (M/M-circle dot-0.74)(0.053)-6.65, which is valid for stellar masses greater than 0.77 M-circle dot. While no strict information is gathered for the chemical composition of the cluster, as a result of degeneracy in the colour-magnitude diagram, by adopting Z = 0.033 and using models for the components of 70 Tau and theta(2) Tau we find the hydrogen abundance to be X = 0.676 and the age to be 670 Myr. If we assume that Z = 0.024, then X = 0.718 and the age is 720 Myr. Our findings concerning the mixing-length parameter are valid for both sets of the solution. For both components of the active binary system V818 Tau, the differences between radii of the models with Z = 0.024 and the observed radii are only about 4 per cent. More generally, the effective temperatures of the models of low-mass stars in the binary systems studied are in good agreement with those determined by spectroscopic methods.Öğe Spectroscopic studies and crystal structure of (E)-N?-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)isonicotinohydrazide(Pleiades Publishing Inc, 2013) Ozay, H.; Yildiz, M.; Unver, H.; Kiraz, A.The structure of compound has also been examined cyrstallographically. It crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2(1)/c with a = 7.673(1), b = 16.251(2), c = 10.874(1) , beta = 110.42(1)A degrees, V = 1270.7(3) (3), D (x) = 1.418 g cm(-3), R (1) = 0.0349 and wR (2) = 0.0935 [I > 2 sigma(I)], respectively. The title compound has been synthesized from the reaction of isonicotinohydrazide with 2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde. It has been characterized by using elemental analysis, MS, IR, H-1 NMR, C-13 NMR and UV-Visible spectroscopic techniques.Öğe Spectroscopic studies and structure of 3-methoxy-2-[(2,4,4,6,6-pentachloro-1,3,5,2?5,4?5,6?5-triazatriphosphin-2-yl)oxy]benzaldehyde(Pleiades Publishing Inc, 2013) Ozay, H.; Yildiz, M.; Unver, H.; Durlu, T. N.The compound called 3-methoxy-2-[(2,4,4,6,6-pentachloro-1,3,5,2 lambda(5),4 lambda(5),6 lambda(5)-triazatriphosphin-2-yl)oxy]benzaldehyde has been synthesized from the reaction of 2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde with hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene. It has been characterized by elemental analysis, MS, IR, H-1 NMR, C-13 NMR, P-31 NMR and UV-visible spectroscopic techniques. The structure of the title compound has been determind by X-ray analysis. Crystals are orthorhombic, space group P2(1)2(1)2(1), Z = 4, a = 7.705(1), b = 12.624(1), c = 17.825(2) , R (1) = 0.0390 and wR (2) = 0.1074 [I > 2 sigma(I)], respectively.Öğe Synthesis and spectral, antimicrobial, anion sensing, and DNA binding properties of Schiff base podands and their metal complexes(Maik Nauka/Interperiodica/Springer, 2015) Yildiz, M.; Tan, E.; Demir, N.; Yildirim, N.; Unver, H.; Kiraz, A.; Mestav, B.Schiff base podands have been synthesized by reaction of triethylene glycol bis(4-aminophenyl) ether with salicylaldehyde, 5-substituted salicylaldehydes, and 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde. Manganese(II), iron(II), cobalt(II), nickel(II), and copper(II) complexes have been prepared from the salicylaldehyde-based podand via reaction with MCl2 center dot nH(2)O. The structures of the ligands and complexes have been studied by elemental analysis, FT-IR and UV-visible spectroscopy, H-1 and C-13 NMR, and thermogravimetric analysis. The UV-visible spectral and TG data suggest tetrahedral geometry of the metal complexes. The antimicrobial activities of the ligands and metal complexes have been evaluated as minimum inhibitory concentrations with respect to bacteria and yeast cultures. The interaction of the Schiff base podands with calf thymus DNA has been investigated by UV-visible spectroscopy, and intercalative binding to DNA has been found. The anion recognition ability of all Schiff base podands has been examined by UV-visible spectroscopy. A visually detectable color change has been observed upon addition of fluoride, cyanide, hydroxide, and acetate ions due to formation of 1: 1 H-complexes and/or deprotonation of the receptor. No significant color change has been observed upon addition of other anions such as dihydrogen phosphate, bromide, iodide, thiocyanate, perchlorate, and hydrogen sulfate.Öğe Synthesis, antimicrobial activity, genotoxicity, DNA binding and DNA cleavage studies of new glycine methyl ester derivative Schiff base(Wiley-Blackwell, 2016) Yildirim, M. A.; Demir, N.; Yildiz, M.; Unver, H.[Anstract Not Available]Öğe Synthesis, spectral properties, and antimicrobial activity of 2-arylamino,-2,4,4,6,6-pentachloro-1,3,5,2?5,4?5, 6?5-triazatriphosphines and poly[bis(4-fluorophenylamino)phosphazene](Maik Nauka/Interperiodica/Springer, 2007) Yildiz, M.; Yilmaz, S.; Dolger, B.2-(4-Chloro and 4-fluorophenylamino)-2,4,4,6,6-pentachloro-1,3,5,2 lambda(5),4 lambda(5),6 lambda(5)-triazatriphosphinines and poly [bis(4-fluoropwhenylamino)phosphazene] were synthesized by reactions of 4-fluoroaniline and 4-chloroaniline with 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexachloro-1,3,5,2 lambda(5),4 lambda(5),6 lambda(5)-triazatriphosphinine and poly(dichlorophosphazene), respectively, in tetrahydrofuran under argon at -20 degrees C, followed by heating under reflux. The products were isolated by column chromatography and were characterized by FTIR, NMR (H-1, C-13, P-31), and mass spectra, termogravimetry, and high-performance liquid chromatography. Antimicrobial activity of the monomeric compounds and polymer against 9 bacteria and 5 yeast cultures was evaluated by the disk diffusion method in dimethyl sulfoxide relative to a number of commercial antibiotics and antifungal agents. Aminophosphazene derivatives exhibited a broad spectrum of activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial with a magnitude comparable to reference antimicrobial agents. The polymeric product turned out to be more potent than the monomeric compounds.Öğe Tautomeric properties and crystal structure of N-[2-hydroxy-1-naphthylidene]2,5-dichloroaniline(Wiley-V C H Verlag Gmbh, 2006) Yildiz, M.; Unver, H.; Erdener, D.; Ocak, N.; Erdonmez, A.; Durlu, T. NuriThe title compound has been synthesised by the reaction of 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde with 2,5-dichloroaniline. The compound was characterized by elemental analysis, IR and UV-Visible techniques. The UV-Visible spectra of the Schiff base with OH group in ortho position to the imino group was studied in polar and nonpolar solvents in acidic and basic media. The structure of compound has been examined cyrstallographically. It crystallizes in the or-thorhombic space group P2(1)2(1)2(1) with a = 6.059(1), b = 12.105(2) c = 20.006(2) angstrom, V = 1467.4(3) angstrom(3), D-x = 1.431 g.cm(-3) and Z = 4. The crystal structure was solved by direct methods and refined by full-matrix least squares. Molecule of the title compound N-[2-hydroxy-1-naphthylidene]2,5-dichloroaniline is nearly planar. The molecule contains a strong intramolecular N...H-O hydrogen bond between the imine and hydroxyl group [O1 and N1 = 2.540(4) angstrom]. (c) 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.Öğe The effect of vitamin E on mast cells in small intestine of broilers under heat stress(Hellenic Veterinary Medical Soc, 2017) Yildiz, M.; Kum, S.; Eren, U.The aim of this study is to identify the effect of vitamin E (DL-alpha-tocopherol acetate) (300 IU/kg) on mast cells in the small intestine (duodenum, jejunum and ileum) under heat stress. In the study, 42 one-day-old Ross 308 male broiler chicks were used. The chicks were randomly separated into 3 groups as follows; control (22 +/- 2 degrees C), heat stress (35 degrees C, 5 hours/per day) and vitamin E (300 IU/kg/per day) + heat stress (35 degrees C, 5 hours/per day). The applications of heat stress and vitamin E began on the fifteenth day and ended on the thirty-fifth day. Tissue samples were taken from animals in each group of four and five-week-old chickens. Tissue samples were fixed in BLA (Basic Lead Acetate) solution. The sections were stained with toluidine blue (TB) (pH 0.5) and alcian blue-critical electrolyte concentration (AB-CEC) (pH 5.8, 0.3 M MgCl2) / Safranin O (SO) (pH 1.0) combined method. It was determined that increasing of the exposure duration to heat stress increased the number of mast cells in the small intestine of the boilers. Also, it was revealed that vitamin E reduced mast cell population under heat stress. Consequently, heat stress may play a role in the pathogenesis of small intestine-associated with disorders and the supplementation of vitamin E can contribute to regulate small intestine functions of broilers by decreasing mast cell proliferation and activation under heat stress.Öğe The effects of exhaustive swimming and probiotic administration in trained rats: Oxidative balance of selected organs, colon morphology, and contractility(Akademiai Kiado Zrt, 2018) Unsal, C.; Unsal, H.; Ekici, M.; Yildirim, E. Koc; Uner, A. G.; Yildiz, M.; Gules, O.The duration and intensity of exercise are significant factors in oxidative, morphological, and functional changes of the gastrointestinal tract. This study aimed to investigate the effects of both exhaustive swimming and probiotic VSL#3 on rats that had been previously trained with moderate swimming. The rats were divided into four groups labeled: control (C), probiotic (P), exercise (E), and probiotic-exercise (PE). Groups P and PE were fed with probiotic mixture VSL#3. Groups E and PE had a 5-week moderate swimming program (1 h/day for 5 days/week), followed by a 1-week exhaustive swimming program (trained like in moderate program but 3 times with 150 min resting sessions, for 5 days/week). At the end of the program, the rats were euthanized. Malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and reduced glutathione levels were measured in tissue samples from the gastrocnemius muscle, heart, liver, kidney, and colon. In vitro contractile activity and histomorphology of the colon were also determined. Exercise and/or probiotic decreased the oxidative stress and also increased the level of one or more of the antioxidant enzymes in some of the organs. Probiotics had more pronounced effects on colon morphology than exercise but unexpectedly this effect was non-trophic. In the colon, the thickness of the tunica muscularis and the number of goblet cells were not affected; however, probiotic administration decreased the crypt depth and tunica mucosa thickness. Exercise increased the Emax value of acetylcholine (ACh), while decreased its sensitivity. These findings suggest that exhaustive swimming does not cause oxidative stress and that probiotic consumption improves oxidative balance in trained rats. The probiotic intake does not alter the effect of exercise on the contractile activity of the colon. Colon mucosal changes induced by probiotics are independent of exercise.
