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    Balancing growth and sustainability: The long-run impact of financial and technological innovations on India's ecological footprint
    (Wiley, 2024) Ursavas, Ugur; Bil, Erkan; Yilanci, Veli
    This study examines the effects of financial and technological innovations on India's ecological footprint-a comprehensive indicator of environmental degradation. Although previous research has addressed the individual impacts of these innovations, their collective influence has not been thoroughly investigated. Using data from 1973 to 2018 and employing ARDL Bounds and Bayer-Hanck cointegration tests, we find a long-run relationship between innovations, economic growth, energy consumption, and the ecological footprint. Notably, while the short-term impact of innovations appears detrimental, both financial and technological innovations demonstrate a long-term beneficial effect on the environment, which suggests that initial investments in innovation may have short-term environmental costs, but ultimately contribute to environmental improvement. Additionally, this study confirms the harmful long-term effects of energy consumption and economic growth on the environment. These findings underscore the importance of transitioning to cleaner energy sources, improving energy efficiency, and implementing robust environmental policies to foster sustainable development in India.
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    Bibliometric Analysis Studies of Published in the Field of Volatility
    (Ege Univ, Fac Economics & Admin Sciences, 2024) Sahin, Ozkan; Bil, Erkan
    Volatility, used to determine the risk structure of financial markets or instruments, is one of the most used methods by researchers. In this study which is conducted to reveal the tag of volatility studies, 15,132 articles related to volatility between 1980 and 2023, scanned in the Web of Science database, were subjected to bibliometric analysis. As a consequence of the investigation, the details of the subject, such as the country with the highest number of publications, institutions, the most cited authors, articles, leading journals and keywords in the field, were revealed. As a consequence, it was determined that the authors worked on three basic subjects such as stocks and stock markets, exchange rates and macroeconomic indicators on volatility. It has been observed that the main objectives of the studies are either to compare the performance of existing volatility estimation models or to develop new models by adding new variables.
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    Büyük Veri Analizi ve Geleneksel Pazarlama Araştırmalarının Kısa Bir Karşılaştırması
    (Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, 2021) Bil, Erkan; Özkaya, Murat
    Gelişen teknoloji ve dijitalleşen dünyanın bir sonucu olarak pazarlama araştırmalarında önemli değişimler yaşanmaktadır. Yaşanan bu dijital dönüşümün doğal bir sonucu olarak yeni analiz yöntemleri ve veri türleri ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, son zamanlarda öne çıkan pazarlama araştırması yöntemlerini ve bu yöntemler için kullanılan büyük veri kavramı hakkında araştırmacılara bir bakış açısı kazandırmaktır. Bu çalışmada, ilk olarak geleneksel veriler ve bu verilerin analiz yöntemlerinden kısaca bahsedilmiş ve ardından geleneksel pazarlama yöntemlerinin avantaj ve dezavantajları sunulmuştur. Geleneksel pazarlama analizlerinin günümüzde yetersiz kalmasının nedenlerine yer verilmiştir. Daha sonra, günümüzde kullanımı neredeyse zorunlu hale gelen büyük veri kavramı detaylı bir şekilde ele alınmıştır. Büyük verinin tanımı ve büyük veri analizinin özellikleri sunulmuştur. Sonrasında büyük veri ve geleneksel verinin özellikleri karşılaştırılmıştır Büyük veri analizi ile geleneksel pazarlama analizi arasındaki farklılıklar ortaya konulmuştur. Yapılan literatür araştırması sonucunda pazarlama stratejilerinin belirlenmesi için kullanılan pazarlama karması üzerinde büyük veri analizinin etkileri olduğu görülmektedir. Ayrıca, büyük veri analizleri sayesinde işletmelerin müşterileri için en doğru ürünü tasarlayıp, en uygun fiyatı müşteriye sunma imkanı bulmaktadırlar. Sonuç olarak, geleneksel analiz yöntemleri hala geçerliliğini korumakla birlikte büyük veri analizleriyle beraber kullanıldığında işletmelerin stratejileri için en doğru sonuçları vermektedir.
  • Küçük Resim
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    Büyük Veri Analizi ve Geleneksel Pazarlama Araştırmalarının Kısa Bir Karşılaştırılması
    (Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, 2021-06-30) Özkaya, Murat; Bil, Erkan
    Gelişen teknoloji ve dijitalleşen dünyanın bir sonucu olarak pazarlama araştırmalarında önemli değişimler yaşanmaktadır. Yaşanan bu dijital dönüşümün doğal bir sonucu olarak yeni analiz yöntemleri ve veri türleri ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, son zamanlarda öne çıkan pazarlama araştırması yöntemlerini ve bu yöntemler için kullanılan büyük veri kavramı hakkında araştırmacılara bir bakış açısı kazandırmaktır. Bu çalışmada, ilk olarak geleneksel veriler ve bu verilerin analiz yöntemlerinden kısaca bahsedilmiş ve ardından geleneksel pazarlama yöntemlerinin avantaj ve dezavantajları sunulmuştur. Geleneksel pazarlama analizlerinin günümüzde yetersiz kalmasının nedenlerine yer verilmiştir. Daha sonra, günümüzde kullanımı neredeyse zorunlu hale gelen büyük veri kavramı detaylı bir şekilde ele alınmıştır. Büyük verinin tanımı ve büyük veri analizinin özellikleri sunulmuştur. Sonrasında büyük veri ve geleneksel verinin özellikleri karşılaştırılmıştır Büyük veri analizi ile geleneksel pazarlama analizi arasındaki farklılıklar ortaya konulmuştur. Yapılan literatür araştırması sonucunda pazarlama stratejilerinin belirlenmesi için kullanılan pazarlama karması üzerinde büyük veri analizinin etkileri olduğu görülmektedir. Ayrıca, büyük veri analizleri sayesinde işletmelerin müşterileri için en doğru ürünü tasarlayıp, en uygun fiyatı müşteriye sunma imkanı bulmaktadırlar. Sonuç olarak, geleneksel analiz yöntemleri hala geçerliliğini korumakla birlikte büyük veri analizleriyle beraber kullanıldığında işletmelerin stratejileri için en doğru sonuçları vermektedir.
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    Büyük Verinin Pazarlama Karması Üzerindeki Etkileri
    (2022) Bil, Erkan; Özkaya, Murat
    Bu çalışmada, büyük veri kavramının pazarlama karması üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiştir. İlk olarak, pazarlama karması açıklanıp, pazarlama karmasının 4P’si sunulmuştur. Pazarlama karmasının her bir elemanını yani ürün (product), fiyat (price), dağıtım (place) ve tutundurma (promotion) kavramları ayrı ayrı açıklanmıştır. Daha sonra, büyük veri ve büyük veri analizinin özelliklerinden kısaca bahsedilmiştir.. Büyük verinin pazarlama karması bileşenleri üzerindeki etkileri ayrı ayrı incelenmiştir. Son olarak, yapılan bu incelemelerin sonuçları bir başlık altında toplanmıştır. Yapılan araştırmaların sonucunda büyük veri analizinin pazarlama karmasının elemanlarının ele alınış biçimlerinde çeşitli değişiklikler oluşturduğu görülmüştür. Büyük veri analizi ve büyük veri sayesinde amaçlara daha uygun stratejilerin belirlenmesinin daha kolaylaştığı incelenen çalışmalardan tespit edilmiştir.
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    DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION EFFICIENCY MEASUREMENT FROM FINANCE AND MARKETING PERSPECTIVE: IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MOORA METHOD
    (Hüzeyfe Süleyman ARSLAN, 2021) Bil, Erkan; Yıldırım, Filiz Mutlu
    Today, rapid changes in technology, the increasing importance of innovation, and the uncontrollable global risks make traditional business approaches insufficient for organizations to maximize their profits and obtain better investment returns, increasing the need for innovative business models. At this point, it becomes necessary to constantly evaluate the efficiency of the banking sector, which is shaped in the light of technology, to adapt to change. For this purpose, digital transformation efficiency measurement was carried out using the MOORA (Multi-Objective Optimization on the basis of Ratio Analysis) method in the banking sector example in the present study. In this context, Garanti BBVA's publicly available annual reports for the period between 2016-2020 were analyzed and indicators within the scope of "Digital Transformation and Technological Progress" and "Customer Privacy and Information Security" dimensions were taken as a basis. The first dimension showed the capacity to provide ease of operation while improving the quality of customer experience, expanding the digital customer base, and increasing the share and efficiency of digital channels in sales by continuously investing in digital platforms. The second dimension represented the effectiveness of providing uninterrupted and secure customer service against all risks. Findings revealed that there was a continuous increase in digital transformation efficiency over the years. The study was important in terms of evaluating the ability of banks in adapting to technological developments in an increasingly competitive environment
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    EXAMINATION OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP CHARACTERISTICS AND TYPE A PERSONALITY
    (Rating Academy, 2017) Bil, Erkan; Saygılı, Metin
    The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between type A personality structure and entrepreneurship characteristics. For that purpose, a research was conducted on students who are being educated in a public university in Turkey and the will to succeed, determination, practical intelligence, innovation, independence and self-confidence, which make up the entrepreneurship characteristics, and type A personality characteristics is studied. In the literature screening conducted in relation to the research subject, no sufficient number of studies were encountered which dealt with type A personality structure and entrepreneurship characteristics. In this regard, it is considered that the research will have a great contribution for both the academicians and implementers who are working in the field, as well as for the literature. Quantitative research method was adopted and used for the research. Face to face survey technique is used in this research for data collection. In the research, “Entrepreneurship Characteristics” scale was used based on the study carried out by Solmaz et al. (2014) in order to measure entrepreneurship characteristics. In order to determine type A personality characteristics, 8 rated Likert type scale and 7-article short form included in the studies conducted by Aktaş (2001), Erdoğan and Zengin (2012) and Yıldız and Özsoy (2013) and developed by Bortner (1966) were used. The universe of the study comprises the students of management faculty who are being educated in 2016 – 2017 academic calendar of a public university. For collecting he data related to the research, easy sampling method on 247 students was adopted, face to face survey was applied and 14 of the surveys were not included in the data set since these were not completely filled out. Data obtained from 233 participants was analyzed in SPSS 21.0 statistical analysis package software. In the research, definitive statistics were used in order to demonstrate the general characteristics of the sample; correlation analysis was used in order to examine the relationship between will to succeed, determination, practical intelligence, innovation, independence and self-confidence, which constitute the characteristics of entrepreneurship and type A personality, and reliability analysis was conducted towards scales used in the research. Results of the correlation analysis carried out demonstrate that there is a r =0,647, p=0,001 level statistically significant, positive direction and medium level relationship between type A personality structure and entrepreneurship characteristics. Besides, the dimensions of practical intelligence (r=0,517; p=0,000), will to succeed (r =0,547; p=0,000) and independence (r=0,508; p=0,000) which constitute entrepreneurship characteristics, have a statistically significant, medium level and positive relationship with type A personality structure. The relationship between innovation (r=0,398 p=0,000) determination (r =0,497; p=0,000) and self-confidence (r =0,501; p=0,002) dimensions and type A personality structure was found to be statistically significant, positive direction and medium level.  [EN] The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between type A personality structure and entrepreneurship characteristics. For that purpose, a research was conducted on students who are being educated in a public university in Turkey and the will to succeed, determination, practical intelligence, innovation, independence and self-confidence, which make up the entrepreneurship characteristics, and type A personality characteristics is studied. In the literature screening conducted in relation to the research subject, no sufficient number of studies were encountered which dealt with type A personality structure and entrepreneurship characteristics. In this regard, it is considered that the research will have a great contribution for both the academicians and implementers who are working in the field, as well as for the literature. Quantitative research method was adopted and used for the research. Face to face survey technique is used in this research for data collection. In the research, “Entrepreneurship Characteristics” scale was used based on the study carried out by Solmaz et al. (2014) in order to measure entrepreneurship characteristics. In order to determine type A personality characteristics, 8 rated Likert type scale and 7-article short form included in the studies conducted by Aktaş (2001), Erdoğan and Zengin (2012) and Yıldız and Özsoy (2013) and developed by Bortner (1966) were used. The universe of the study comprises the students of management faculty who are being educated in 2016 – 2017 academic calendar of a public university. For collecting he data related to the research, easy sampling method on 247 students was adopted, face to face survey was applied and 14 of the surveys were not included in the data set since these were not completely filled out. Data obtained from 233 participants was analyzed in SPSS 21.0 statistical analysis package software. In the research, definitive statistics were used in order to demonstrate the general characteristics of the sample; correlation analysis was used in order to examine the relationship between will to succeed, determination, practical intelligence, innovation, independence and self-confidence, which constitute the characteristics of entrepreneurship and type A personality, and reliability analysis was conducted towards scales used in the research. Results of the correlation analysis carried out demonstrate that there is a r =0,647, p=0,001 level statistically significant, positive direction and medium level relationship between type A personality structure and entrepreneurship characteristics. Besides, the dimensions of practical intelligence (r=0,517; p=0,000), will to succeed (r =0,547; p=0,000) and independence (r=0,508; p=0,000) which constitute entrepreneurship characteristics, have a statistically significant, medium level and positive relationship with type A personality structure. The relationship between innovation (r=0,398 p=0,000) determination (r =0,497; p=0,000) and self-confidence (r =0,501; p=0,002) dimensions and type A personality structure was found to be statistically significant, positive direction and medium level. 
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    FİNANS VE PAZARLAMA PERSPEKTİFİNDEN DİJİTALDÖNÜŞÜM ETKİNLİĞİ ÖLÇÜMÜ: MOORA YÖNTEMİUYGULAMASI
    (2021) Bil, Erkan; Yıldırım, Filiz Mutlu
    Günümüzde teknolojik değişimin hızı, inovasyonun artan önemi ve küreselrisklerin kontrol edilemeyecek boyuta ulaşması kuruluşların kârlarını maksimizeederek daha iyi yatırım getirileri elde edebilmelerinde geleneksel işletmeyaklaşımlarını yetersiz kılmakta, yenilikçi iş modellerine olan ihtiyacı artırmaktadır.Bu noktada, teknoloji odağında şekillenen bankacılık sektörünün değişime uyumsağlama etkinliğinin sürekli olarak değerlendirilmesi gerekli hale gelmektedir.Çalışmada bu amaçla dijital dönüşüm etkinliği ölçümü bankacılık sektörü örneğindeMOORA (Multi-Objective Optimization on the basis of Ratio Analysis) yöntemiylegerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu çerçevede, Garanti BBVA?nın 2016-2020 yılları arasındakihalka açık faaliyet raporları incelenerek “Dijital Dönüşüm ve Teknolojik İlerleme”ve “Müşteri Gizliliği ve Bilgi Güvenliği” boyutları kapsamındaki göstergeler temelalınmıştır. İlk boyut; dijital platformlara sürekli yatırım yapılarak işlem kolaylığısağlama, müşteri deneyim kalitesini yükseltme, dijital müşteri tabanını genişletme,satışlardaki dijital kanalların payını ve verimliliğini artırma kapasitesinigöstermektedir. İkinci boyut ise tüm risklere karşı kesintisiz ve güvenli bir müşterihizmeti sunma etkinliğini temsil etmektedir. Araştırma bulguları, yıllar itibariyledijital dönüşüm etkinliğinde sürekli bir artış gerçekleştiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Çalışma, artan rekabet ortamında bankaların teknolojik gelişmelere adapte olmakabiliyetini değerlemesi açısından önem taşımaktadır.
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    Image of Gökçeada as a Tourism Destination
    (2021) Bil, Erkan; Ergan, Senem; Kandur, Hande
    This study aims to develop a destination image model to explain the influence of personal factors on cognitive and affective components of the overall image and how it affects revisiting intention. A survey has been conducted among visitors who completed their Gökçeada holiday between 23 – 27 August 2019 and have been traveling back home on Gökçeada - Kabatepe ferry. Exploratory factor analysis has been conducted to find the underlying cognitive image dimensions and the construct validity of cognitive image has been performed by confirmatory factor analysis. ANOVA analysis and t-test have been used to determine the relationship between the different components of the perceived image and sociodemographic characteristics. One of the major findings of the study is that a destination image is formed by visitors’ characteristics except for the income variable. The results show that there are statistically significant differences across different sociodemographic characteristics for cognitive and affective components of the overall image. Besides that, only having visited the Island previously affects the intention of revisiting.
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    MEDIATING ROLE OF CONSUMER PURCHASE INTENTION ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INFLUENCER’S PERCEIVED CHARACTERISTICS AND CONSUMER PURCHASE BEHAVIOR
    (2023) İnal, Mert; Bil, Erkan
    This paper aims to explore the mediating role of purchase intention in the relationship between two selected characteristics of influencers and purchase behavior in the context of influencer marketing. In addition, the aim of this paper to examine these selected characteristics’ (trust and similarity, as defined by Parasocial Interaction Theory and Planned Behavior Theory) impact on both purchase intention and purchase behavior. The main population of this paper comprises social media users who actively use social media platforms and follow at least one influencer. In order to represent the research population in the best possible way, participants were reached through convenience sampling technique. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed in IBM SPSS 20 program, and confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling analysis were performed using the SmartPLS 4 package program. The results showed that purchase intention has a mediating effect on the purchase behavior's relationships between trust and similarity. In addition, it was revealed that trust and similarity have positive and significant effects on purchase intention and purchase behavior. The main contribution of that paper to the literature is not only to reveal the mediating role of purchase intention in the purchase behavior’s relationship between trust and similarity but also to show the effects of trust and similarity on purchase intention and to determine the effects of these variables on purchase behavior in the context of influencer marketing. As a result of this paper, it is observed that businesses can benefit from influencers in the context of Planned Behavior Theory and Social Interaction Theory to enhance the effectiveness of their marketing communication efforts. Influencers can contribute to businesses through their follower networks, personal positioning opportunities, communication content, follower trust, and the personas they create in their connections with consumers. Choosing the appropriate Influencer for businesses not only increases the sales of their products and services, but also positively affects brand positioning, brand image and brand value.
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    Müşteri bilgisi edinimi ile müşteri odaklılığın müşteri ilişkileri yönetimi yetenekleri üzerine etkileri: Otomotiv sektöründe bir alan araştırması
    (Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, 2014) Bil, Erkan; Eren, Selim Said
    Bu çalışmanın amacı, otomotiv sektöründe müşteri bilgisi edinimi ve müşteri odaklılığın müşteri ilişkileri yönetimi yetenekleri ve finansal performansa etkilerini incelemektir. Bu bağlamda çalışmada, müşteri ilişkileri yönetimi yetenekleri ile müşteri bilgisi edinimi, müşteri odaklılık ve finansal performans arasındaki ilişkilerin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaca yönelik olarak geçmiş çalışmalara bağlı olarak 6 hipotez içeren bir kavramsal araştırma modeli oluşturulmuştur. Oluşturulan hipotezler, literatürden elde edilen ölçüm araçlarından oluşan anket formu aracılığıyla Türkiye'nin çeşitli illerinde otomotiv sektöründe faaliyet gösteren yetkili satış bayilerinde çalışan satış personeli ve yöneticileri ile bire bir görüşme yapılarak elde edilen veriler kullanılarak test edilmiştir. Gerçekleştirilen istatistiksel analizler sonucunda; müşteri bilgisi edinimi ile müşteri odaklılık, müşteri ilişkileri yönetimi yetenekleri ve finansal performans arasında pozitif ve anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Müşteri odaklılık ile müşteri ilişkileri yönetimi yetenekleri ve finansal performans arasında pozitif ve anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu görülmüştür. Müşteri ilişkileri yönetimi yetenekleri ile finansal performans arasında da pozitif yönlü ve anlamlı bir ilişkin olduğu ortaya konulmuştur. Çalışmanın sonunda, kısıtlar, uygulamacılar ve gelecek çalışmalar için öneriler verilmektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Müşteri bilgisi edinimi, müşteri odaklılık, müşteri ilişkileri yönetimi yeteneği, finansal performans.
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    The effect of technological innovation capabilities on companies' innovation and marketing performance: A field study on Technopark companies in Turkey
    (Rating Academy, 2021) Bil, Erkan
    Purpose - The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of the technological innovation capabilities of companies carrying out R&D and innovation activities on product performance and marketing performance. Methodology - The main population of this study comprises a total of 4916 companies that carry out their activities within the body of 56 Technoparks in Turkey on April 2018. IBM SPSS 23 and IBM AMOS 23 package programs were used in the analysis. In the study, explanatory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis were performed to test the relationships in the proposed research model, respectively. Findings - As a result of the Structural Equation Modeling analysis, it was found that R&D capability has significant and positive effects on product performance and marketing performance over product performance; and the learning capability, marketing capability, and finally product performance directly on marketing performance. Originality/value - The main contribution of this study to the literature is that it not only explains the effects of some types of innovation on business performance but also deals with the relationship between innovation capabilities and business performance of companies in a more specific approach and reveals the effects of technological innovation capabilities on both product and marketing performance.
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    The Impact of Influencer’s Perceived Characteristics on Consumer Purchase Behavior
    (2022) Bil, Erkan; İnal, Mert; Özkaya, Murat
    Purpose - The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of the influencers’ perceived characteristics (informativeness, perceived ease of use and admiration) on purchase intention and purchase behavior. Design/methodology/approach - The main population of this research, people who use social media and follow at least 1 influencer. IBM SPSS 20 and SmartPLS 3.3.3 package programs were used in the analysis. In the study, confirmatory factor analysis, and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis were performed to test the relationships in the proposed research model, respectively. Findings - As a result of the structural equation modeling analysis, it was found that informativeness, perceived ease of use and admiration has significant and positive direct effects on purchase intention. In addition, informativeness, perceived ease of use and admiration has significant and positive indirect effects on purchase behavior. Originality/value - The main contribution of this study to the literature is not only to explain the effects of informativeness, perceived ease of use and admiration on purchase intention, but also to comprehensively reveal the effects of these variables on both purchase intention and purchase behavior by considering them together in the context of influencer marketing.
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    THE IMPORTANCE OF INTERACTION IN VIDEO GAMES: A LITERATURE REVIEW
    (Hayrettin İVGİN, 2023) Ababay, Atif Çağlar; Bil, Erkan
    Video games are considered as influential and popular forms in the field of computer software. Games, which demand considerable time and effort from players, attract the interest of the gaming ecosystem and have become a frequent subject of academic research in recent times. Video games bring individuals together by seamlessly combining elements of competition and cooperation and encouraging connections among players. Moreover, all video games employ various Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) methods to enable players to interact with virtual environments. Additionally, with the diverse range of interaction opportunities they offer, they stand out as a distinct form of cultural media. However, due to the complexity of this field and its incorporation of interdisciplinary concepts, academic research faces certain challenges, and interaction design is constantly evolving. This study aims to present the current state of video game interactions in the literature and contribute to future academic research and game designs. When evaluating the findings from studies focusing on the effects of interactions in video games, it is observed that social interactions and human-computer interactions influence players' levels of attachment, flow experiences, perceived enjoyment, intentions to continue playing, and in-game purchasing behaviors
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    THE INVESTIGATION OF VOLUNTARY SIMPLICITY LIFESTYLE FROM THE POINT OF PERSONALITY CHARACTERISTICS: A RESEARCH ON CLOTHING (GARMENTS AND SHOES) PRODUCT GROUP
    (Rating Academy, 2017) Saygılı, Metin; Bil, Erkan
    Today’s market conditions made it hard for the enterprises to find new customers or to retain the existing customers due to the fact that the differences between products and services diminished. In relation to determination by the enterprises the customer preferences towards products and services they provide under these conditions, it has become important to know the lifestyles and personality characteristics of them. For that reason, the differentiation of value imposed on shopping, a search for simplicity in products and services and in particular changing shopping and life styles with the dissemination of shopping behaviors that became environmentally sensitive made it important to examine the behaviors of individuals both towards shopping in terms of their personality characteristics and also towards their life and purchasing styles. In this regard, it has become necessary to study the shopping frequencies and shopping times of consumers for clothing (garments and shoes) product groups, which product groups they purchase in their shopping and what is the rank of shopping for clothing (garments and shoes) product groups among the product groups that are purchased, and how they evaluate the elements towards shopping for clothing (garment and shoes) product groups. Based on this notion, the basic purpose of this study is to examine the voluntary simple life styles of consumers from the point of their personality characteristics. In this regard, the aim was to determine whether the voluntary simplicity lifestyle differentiates depending on the personality characteristics (type A – B). The sample of this research, in which positivist research approach was adopted, comprises consumers aged 18 and above who do clothing (garments and shoes) shopping from a shopping mall in Sakarya province. The data of the research was obtained through easy sampling method and face to face surveys with 190 students who accepted to participate in the study as volunteers. The research data was teste with SPSS 21.0 statistical analysis software and the exploratory factor analysis, independent samples t test and definitive statistics were used in the research. The results of the research demonstrate that among the dimensions which constitute voluntary simplicity life style, the responses given in relation to type A and B personality characteristics in three of the sub-dimensions other than self-sufficiency dimension, had statistically significant difference. Results of the study demonstrate that the averages of responses given in the three dimensions (planned behavior, simplicity in product and intangible life) show that participants having type B personality are directed more towards more planned shopping and also they looked from simplicity in the product and also they adopted an intangible life style, compared to participants having type A personality in statistical terms.  [EN] Today’s market conditions made it hard for the enterprises to find new customers or to retain the existing customers due to the fact that the differences between products and services diminished. In relation to determination by the enterprises the customer preferences towards products and services they provide under these conditions, it has become important to know the lifestyles and personality characteristics of them. For that reason, the differentiation of value imposed on shopping, a search for simplicity in products and services and in particular changing shopping and life styles with the dissemination of shopping behaviors that became environmentally sensitive made it important to examine the behaviors of individuals both towards shopping in terms of their personality characteristics and also towards their life and purchasing styles. In this regard, it has become necessary to study the shopping frequencies and shopping times of consumers for clothing (garments and shoes) product groups, which product groups they purchase in their shopping and what is the rank of shopping for clothing (garments and shoes) product groups among the product groups that are purchased, and how they evaluate the elements towards shopping for clothing (garment and shoes) product groups. Based on this notion, the basic purpose of this study is to examine the voluntary simple life styles of consumers from the point of their personality characteristics. In this regard, the aim was to determine whether the voluntary simplicity lifestyle differentiates depending on the personality characteristics (type A – B). The sample of this research, in which positivist research approach was adopted, comprises consumers aged 18 and above who do clothing (garments and shoes) shopping from a shopping mall in Sakarya province. The data of the research was obtained through easy sampling method and face to face surveys with 190 students who accepted to participate in the study as volunteers. The research data was teste with SPSS 21.0 statistical analysis software and the exploratory factor analysis, independent samples t test and definitive statistics were used in the research. The results of the research demonstrate that among the dimensions which constitute voluntary simplicity life style, the responses given in relation to type A and B personality characteristics in three of the sub-dimensions other than self-sufficiency dimension, had statistically significant difference. Results of the study demonstrate that the averages of responses given in the three dimensions (planned behavior, simplicity in product and intangible life) show that participants having type B personality are directed more towards more planned shopping and also they looked from simplicity in the product and also they adopted an intangible life style, compared to participants having type A personality in statistical terms. 
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    THE STUDY OF EVALUATION BRICS-T COUNTRIES BASED ON THE GLOBAL COMPETITIVENESS INDEX
    (Rating Academy, 2018) Bil, Erkan; Güdük, Tanju; Keskin, Gülay
    Through globalization, countries aim to have a competitive advantage about trading and increasing financial opportunities in the global market with international collaboration and economic integration. In recent years, the emerging and expanding national economies like Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa have became key players and taken investors’ attention globally. In addition to these countries known as BRICS, Turkey is also another expanding national economy that attracts investors with strong economic growth in the last 20 years. Therefore, recently the idea of becoming one of the members of BRICS for Turkey has been considered.Nowadays, the index research studies which show the global competitiveness, rankings and detailed data profiles of the international markets are published by different authorities. One of the highly trusted authorities, World Economic Forum publishes Global Competitiveness Index every year.The purpose of this study is to indicate similarities and differences among these 6 countries (BRICS-T) and also define comparison to each other based on the data from Global Competitiveness Index (2017-2018). In the process of analyzing the data, multidimensional scale has been used. According to the data of Global Competitiveness Index (2017-2018), the similarities are more likely to be found between Russia and Turkey while India and China also project similar features together. The most different features have been observed between Brazil and China. The similarities are based on detailed data company profiles of global competitiveness. In conclusion, the result shows that Russia and Turkey are seen as one group while China and India generate also another group together. On the other hand, Brazil and South Africa stand alone in their own groups
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    Tüketicilerin plansız satın alma davranışının satın alma sonrası pişmanlık ve webrooming davranışına etkisi
    (2022) Bil, Erkan; Gökçe, Gülcan
    Araştırmanın temel amacı plansız satın alma davranışlarının satın alma sonrası pişmanlık ve\rwebrooming davranışına etkisini inceleyerek tüketicilerin satın alma sonrası pişmanlığın etkisiyle\rwebrooming davranışı gerçekleştirip gerçekleştirmediklerini belirlemektir. Nicel bir araştırma\rtasarımı kullanılan bu çalışma kapsamında kolayda örnekleme tekniği ile veriler toplanmış, çevrim\riçi anket formu üzerinden 594 kişiye ulaşılmış, bunlardan 588’i geçerli olarak kabul edilmiştir.\rDoğrulayıcı faktör analiziyle geçerlik ve güvenilirliklerinin test edilmesinin ardından değişkenler\rarasındaki ilişkilere yönelik oluşturulan yapısal eşitlik modeli test edilmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre,\rsatın alma sonrası pişmanlığın plansız satın alma davranışı ile webrooming niyeti ve webrooming\rdavranışı arasında aracılık etkisi olmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Tüketicilerin webrooming niyetinin\rdavranışa dönüştüğü görülmüştür. Ayrıca niyet ve davranışın da webrooming’den algılanan\rfaydadan etkilendiği tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmanın sonuçları plansız satın alma davranışının satın\ralma sonrası pişmanlığa etkisi olduğunu göstermiştir. Çalışmada satın alma sonrası pişmanlığın\rwebroominge etkisi iki alt boyut ile incelenmiş; sonuç pişmanlığının webrooming niyetini etkilediği,\rwebrooming davranışını ise etkilemediği görülmüştür. Diğer taraftan, süreç pişmanlığının\rwebrooming niyeti ve webrooming davranışı üzerinde de etkisi gözlemlenmemiştir. Ayrıca satın alma\rsonrası pişmanlığın plansız satın alma davranışı ile webrooming arasındaki ilişkide aracılık etkisi de\rsaptanamamıştır.