MURAT HOYUK EARLY BRONZE AGE METAL FIGURINE

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dc.authoridBamyaci, A. Onur/0000-0003-2815-248X
dc.authoridOzdemir, Abdulkadir/0000-0003-3333-9118
dc.contributor.authorOzdemir, Abdulkadir
dc.contributor.authorBamyaci, Abdulvahap Onur
dc.date.accessioned2025-01-27T21:23:53Z
dc.date.available2025-01-27T21:23:53Z
dc.date.issued2022
dc.departmentÇanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractThis study presents a detailed examination of a metal figurine found during the 2019 excavations at Murat Hoyuk, located on the bank of the Murat River in the Solhan district of the Province Bingol in Eastern Anatolia. Because the mound was to be inundated by the Asagi Kalekoy hydroelectric dam, extensive salvage excavations were conducted at the site in 2019 under the directorship of the Elazig Museum. Four main settlement phases (Medieval, Middle Iron, Early Iron, Early Bronze) were documented at the site with the earliest habitation dating to the Early Bronze Age III (2500-2200 BC). While figurines shaped out of clay, stone, and marble are more common in the archaeological record of Early Bronze Age (EBA) Anatolia, and metal figurines are relatively rare, a metal figurine ('statuette') was discovered in the EBA settlement level of Murat Hoyuk. In terms of typological and stylistic details, the metal figurine of Murat Hoyuk appears unique in the 3rd millennium records of Mesopotamia, the Aegean, and the Balkans. The figurine depicts a standing nude with stylized hands and feet. Eye-sockets are marked as shallow pits, while the mouth is not indicated. Arms are stretched out on both sides; head is slightly inclined to the left; breasts are fashioned as applique protrusions; and pubic triangle is indicated with incised lines. The fact that stone mold and crucible fragments were found in the same level of the site suggests that the object was most probably produced locally by casting. Casting defects (flash lines) are observable on the surface. In this study, based on a comparative iconographic examination, we propose that a goddess is depicted here. With its unique characteristics, the Murat Hoyuk goddess figurine is a significant contribution to the repertoire of metal 'figurines' in Anatolia, Syria, and Mesopotamia with broader implications about EBA metallurgy, art, and belief systems.
dc.description.sponsorshipKalehan Genc Energy Generation Corp.
dc.description.sponsorshipWe thank the General Directorate of Cultural Assets and Museums, Ministry of Culture and Tourism of Turkey and the Directorate of Elazig Archaeology and Ethnography Museum for granting permission and providing support for Murat Hoyuk excavations to be conducted under the directorship of Ziya Kilinc, Director of Elazig Museum, and with the participation of a scientific team led by Asst. Prof. Dr. Abdulkadir Ozdemir. We cordially thank Archaeologist Ergun Demir of Elazig Museum for supervising the project as Ministry Representative and all team members for their dedicated work. We extend our gratitude to Kalehan Genc Energy Generation Corp. for providing financial, practical, and moral support during fieldwork. And finally, we thank Dr. G. Bike Yazicioglu for providing editorial assistance with English translation and proofreading of this article. We are also thankful to two anonymous referees who reviewed this work and provided us with constructive comments. We are responsible for all the errors that may be found in this work.
dc.identifier.endpage20
dc.identifier.issn1301-7667
dc.identifier.startpage1
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12428/29359
dc.identifier.volume30
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000877547600001
dc.identifier.wosqualityN/A
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherMersin Univ Publ Res Center Cilician Archaeology
dc.relation.ispartofOlba
dc.relation.publicationcategoryinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.snmzKA_WoS_20250125
dc.subjectEastern Anatolia
dc.subjectBingol
dc.subjectEarly Bronze Age
dc.subjectFigurine
dc.subjectMetalworking
dc.subjectGoddess
dc.titleMURAT HOYUK EARLY BRONZE AGE METAL FIGURINE
dc.typeArticle

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