Entomopatojen nematodların Capnodis tenebrionis L. (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) mücadelesinde kullanım olanaklarının araştırılması
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Tarih
2021
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
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Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu çalışmada, sert çekirdekli meyve ağaçlarında ekonomik zarar meydana getiren Capnodis tenebrionis L. (Coleoptera: Buprestidae)'in birinci dönem larvalarına karşı 4 yerel entomopatojen nematod (EPN) türü; Steinernema feltiae (Filipjev), S. carpocapsae (Weiser), S. affine (Bovien) ve Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Poinar)'nın etkinlikleri laboratuvar ve doğa koşullarında araştırılmıştır. Bu kapsamda Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Bitki Koruma Bölümü Nematoloji laboratuvarında 2015-2020 yılları arasında çalışmalar gerçekleştirilmiştir. Laboratuvar çalışmalarında 12 hücreli platelerde her bir hücreye 1'er adet C. tenebrionis larvası aktarılarak 50 IJ, 500 IJ ve 1000 IJ dozlarında EPN uygulanmıştır. Uygulama sonrası 1., 3., 5. ve 7. günlerde larva ölüm oranları incelenmiştir. Saksılar üzerindeki etkinlik çalışmalarında, kiraz (Prunus avium L.) fidanları kullanılmış olup, saksı toprağına 10'ar adet C. tenebrionis birinci dönem larvası aktarılmış ve 1 gün beklendikten sonra toprağa 40.000 IJ dozda EPN'ler 10 ml su ile uygulanmıştır. Uygulamalardan sonraki 1., 3., 5. ve 7. günlerde fidanlar sökülerek toprakta ve bitki kökünde bulunan ölü ve canlı C. tenebrionis larva sayımları yapılarak larva ölüm oranları incelenmiştir. Doğada şeftali bahçesinde gerçekleştirilen etkinlik çalışmalarında ise, seçilen şeftali (Prunus persica L.) bahçesinde her ağacın altındaki toprağa 8'er adet C. tenebrionis larvası kese tüller ile toprağa 5-10 cm derinliğe yerleştirilmiştir. EPN türlerinin uygulanmasında; damla sulama, spreyleme sulama ve toprak enjeksiyonu olmak üzere 3 farklı yöntem kullanılmış ve 1., 3., 5. günlerde larva ölüm oranları belirlenmiştir. Uygulamaların ardından, periyodik olarak ayda bir toprak örnekleri alınarak EPN'lerin kalıcılık süreleri belirlenmiştir. Laboratuvarda gerçekleştirilen araştırmaların sonucunda, C. tenebrionis larvalarında meydana gelen ölümün EPN türleri, dozlar ve günlere bağlı olarak değiştiği ve tüm EPN türlerinde ve dozlarında 5. günde %100 ölüm oranına ulaştığı belirlenmiştir. Saksılar üzerindeki etkinlik denemelerinde, C. tenebrionis larva ölüm oranları günlere ve EPN türlerine bağlı olarak %50- 92,5 arasında değişiklik göstermiştir. Doğa çalışmasında ise, genel olarak C. tenebrionis larvalarında görülen ölüm oranlarının EPN türleri, sulama yöntemleri ve günlere bağlı olarak değiştiği belirlenmiştir. 2018 yılında, damla sulama ve spreyleme sulama yöntemlerinde S. carpocapsae ve S. feltiae kaynaklı C. tenebrionis larva ölümü 5. günde %100 oranına ulaşırken S. affine ve H. bacteriophora'da 3. günde ulaşıldığı tespit edilmiştir. Toprak enjeksiyonu yönteminde ise tüm EPN türlerinde %100 ölüm oranına 3. günde ulaşılmıştır. Doğa çalışmalarında 2019 yılında, tüm EPN türlerinde ve sulama yöntemlerinde 3. günde C. tenebrionis larvalarında %100 ölüm meydana gelmiştir. Doğada etkinlik uygulamaları sonrası, EPN'lerin topraktaki kalıcılıkları 2018 yılında 90 gün, 2019'da 150 gün olarak belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonuçları değerlendirildiğinde, laboratuvar ve doğa koşullarında C. tenebrionis larvalarına karşı yerel EPN türleri yüksek etkinlik göstermiştir. Bu sonuçlar C. tenebrionis'in biyolojik mücadelesinde yerel EPN türlerinin kullanım potansiyelinin yüksek olduğunu göstermektedir.
In this study, the effectiveness of four native entomopathogenic nematode species; Steinernema feltiae (Filipjev), S. carpocapsae (Weiser), S. affine (Bovien) ve Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Poinar) on controlling of the neonate of Capnodis tenebrionis L. (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), which is an economically important pest of stone fruit trees, was investigated in laboratory, in pots and in field trials. The studies were conducted in the Nematology Laboratory of Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection between 2015-2020. In the laboratory studies, three doses of EPNs consisting of 50 IJs, 500 IJs and 1000 IJs were applied to each of C. tenebrionis larva placed in each cell of 12 celled plates. Larval mortality was examined after the 1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th days of application. For the pot experiment, each of Cherry (Prunus avium L.) saplings planted pots were first inoculated with 10 first instar of C. tenebrionis larvae, one day later, they were applied with 40.000 IJs of EPNs in 10 ml water. Saplings were removed from soil after the 1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th days and larval mortality of C. tenebrionis was examined. The fields (natural conditions) studies were conducted in a peach (Prunus persica L.) orchard, where 8 larvae of C. tenebrionis in a tulle sac were placed in 5-10 cm depth of each tree root region. Three different irrigation methods including drip irrigation, spray irrigation and soil injection were used for EPN application and larval mortality was determined after the 1st, 3rd and 5th days. After the applications, EPN persistence in soil was determined by periodic soil sampling in one-month intervals. In the laboratory studies, mortality in larvae of C. tenebrionis was affected by EPN species, doses and days and 100% mortality was observed in the 5th day in all EPN species and all doses. In the pot studies, mortality of C. tenebrionis larvae has ranged from 50% to 92,5% depending on days and EPN species. In the field study, mortality of C. tenebrionis larvae was determined to be changing in relation to EPN species, irrigation methods and the days. In 2018, while mortalities of C. tenebrionis larvae from S. carpocapsae and S. feltiae has reached to 100% in the 5th day in drip irrigation and spray irrigation, same mortalities were observed in the 3rd day for S. affine and H. bacteriophora. In soil injection, 100% mortality was achieved in all EPN species in the 3rd day. In 2019, mortality in C. tenebrionis larvae has reached to 100% in the 3rd in all EPN species and all irrigation methods. Persistence of EPNs in soil after the applications was 90 days in 2018 and 150 days in 2019. When the results of the study were examined, it was concluded that local EPN species has a potential in the biological control of C. tenebrionis because of the results of 100% larval mortality in all irrigation methods in the 5th day after the application.
In this study, the effectiveness of four native entomopathogenic nematode species; Steinernema feltiae (Filipjev), S. carpocapsae (Weiser), S. affine (Bovien) ve Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Poinar) on controlling of the neonate of Capnodis tenebrionis L. (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), which is an economically important pest of stone fruit trees, was investigated in laboratory, in pots and in field trials. The studies were conducted in the Nematology Laboratory of Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection between 2015-2020. In the laboratory studies, three doses of EPNs consisting of 50 IJs, 500 IJs and 1000 IJs were applied to each of C. tenebrionis larva placed in each cell of 12 celled plates. Larval mortality was examined after the 1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th days of application. For the pot experiment, each of Cherry (Prunus avium L.) saplings planted pots were first inoculated with 10 first instar of C. tenebrionis larvae, one day later, they were applied with 40.000 IJs of EPNs in 10 ml water. Saplings were removed from soil after the 1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th days and larval mortality of C. tenebrionis was examined. The fields (natural conditions) studies were conducted in a peach (Prunus persica L.) orchard, where 8 larvae of C. tenebrionis in a tulle sac were placed in 5-10 cm depth of each tree root region. Three different irrigation methods including drip irrigation, spray irrigation and soil injection were used for EPN application and larval mortality was determined after the 1st, 3rd and 5th days. After the applications, EPN persistence in soil was determined by periodic soil sampling in one-month intervals. In the laboratory studies, mortality in larvae of C. tenebrionis was affected by EPN species, doses and days and 100% mortality was observed in the 5th day in all EPN species and all doses. In the pot studies, mortality of C. tenebrionis larvae has ranged from 50% to 92,5% depending on days and EPN species. In the field study, mortality of C. tenebrionis larvae was determined to be changing in relation to EPN species, irrigation methods and the days. In 2018, while mortalities of C. tenebrionis larvae from S. carpocapsae and S. feltiae has reached to 100% in the 5th day in drip irrigation and spray irrigation, same mortalities were observed in the 3rd day for S. affine and H. bacteriophora. In soil injection, 100% mortality was achieved in all EPN species in the 3rd day. In 2019, mortality in C. tenebrionis larvae has reached to 100% in the 3rd in all EPN species and all irrigation methods. Persistence of EPNs in soil after the applications was 90 days in 2018 and 150 days in 2019. When the results of the study were examined, it was concluded that local EPN species has a potential in the biological control of C. tenebrionis because of the results of 100% larval mortality in all irrigation methods in the 5th day after the application.
Açıklama
Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, Bitki Koruma Ana Bilim Dalı
Anahtar Kelimeler
Ziraat, Agriculture
