Enhanced cellulose paper interfaces with MWCNT/Graphene for improved structural health monitoring and mechanical performance in CARALL

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dc.contributor.authorÜstün, Tugay
dc.contributor.authorGüler, Ebru Saraloğlu
dc.contributor.authorEskizeybek, Volkan
dc.date.accessioned2026-02-03T11:53:48Z
dc.date.available2026-02-03T11:53:48Z
dc.date.issued2026
dc.departmentÇanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractCarbon fiber reinforced aluminum laminates (CARALL) suffer from weak metal–composite interfaces and the lack of built-in damage sensing. Here, cellulose paper interleaves loaded with hybrid multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene (5–9 wt% at 160 or 210 g/m2) are fabricated by conventional papermaking and inserted at the Al/CFRP interface. CARALL panels were produced via hand lay-up and vacuum bagging and evaluated under tensile, three-point flexural, and Mode-I fracture tests, with damage events monitored in situ through piezoresistive electrical resistance measurements (?R/R). The 210 g/m2 paper with 9 wt% hybrid nanofiller maintains baseline tensile strength and yields up to ? 20 % higher flexural strength versus unreinforced CARALL, while interlaminar fracture toughness increases during both initiation and propagation. Microscopic observations reveal fiber bridging/pull-out and crack deflection within the paper interlayer, while the formation of a percolated CNT/graphene network enables clear piezoresistive responses. Abrupt ?R/R jumps were observed at final failure under tensile loading (approximately twofold), whereas event-correlated ?R/R fluctuations were recorded during flexural and Mode-I fracture tests (typically in the range of ? 0.25–2 during flexure and ? 0.5 to + 0.5 during double cantilever beam tests). The results demonstrate that lightweight, low-cost cellulose-nanocarbon interleaves simultaneously toughen CARALL and provide integrated structural health monitoring capability. © 2026 Elsevier Ltd.
dc.description.sponsorshipBaskent Üniversitesi, (BAP-182–665)
dc.description.sponsorshipTürkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu, TUBITAK, (222 M447)
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.engfracmech.2026.111857
dc.identifier.isbn0080316573
dc.identifier.issn0013-7944
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105027414982
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2026.111857
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12428/34303
dc.identifier.volume333
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherElsevier Ltd
dc.relation.ispartofEngineering Fracture Mechanics
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.snmzKA_Scopus_20260130
dc.subjectCellulose paper
dc.subjectInterface
dc.subjectNanomaterial
dc.subjectStructural health monitoring
dc.titleEnhanced cellulose paper interfaces with MWCNT/Graphene for improved structural health monitoring and mechanical performance in CARALL
dc.typeArticle

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