Multi-phase microstructures in Anatolian Seljuks iron-steel objects: classification and production techniques

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dc.authoridGuder, Umit/0000-0002-4156-2339
dc.contributor.authorGuder, Umit
dc.contributor.authorTasan, Cemal Cem
dc.contributor.authorYavas, Alptekin
dc.date.accessioned2025-01-27T21:07:37Z
dc.date.available2025-01-27T21:07:37Z
dc.date.issued2018
dc.departmentÇanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi
dc.descriptionInternational Conference on Iron in Archaeology - Bloomery Smelters and Blacksmiths in Europe and Beyond in honour of Radomir Pleiner -- 2017 -- Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC
dc.description.abstractIn this paper a collection of iron objects from the Anatolian Seljuks Period, ca. 12th-13th century AD, are analysed and discussed from a metallurgical perspective. A total number of 21 iron-steel objects, small knives and flat bodied (with thin cross-section) arrowheads was examined. These objects are coming from the Seljuks' cultural layers of Egirdir (Isparta, Central Anatolian Caravanserai), Kubad Abad (Konya, Central Anatolian Sultan's Palace Complex), and Samsat (Adiyaman, Eastern Anatolian Fortress). In the samples which were taken from iron tools, composite-like structures formed by different ferrous phases were revealed by metallography, SEM-EDX and micro hardness examinations. These structures are classified according to the production materials and techniques. The first group revealed signs of continuous forging and, in some cases, bloomery iron folding, which can lead to such composite-like structures. The second group consisted of tools which were produced from different starting materials which were forge-welded before or during shaping process. The crucible steel knives can be classified as another group, in which the composite-like structure exhibits totally different constituents leading to more homogeneous mechanical character. In modern times, composite materials have gained importance and become key engineering materials due to their outstanding specific properties. This study reveals that skilled Seljuks' blacksmiths made similar materials design choices in the production of iron or steel objects, despite limited materials and metallurgical knowledge.
dc.description.sponsorshipTurkish Research Council (TUBITAK) [114K791]
dc.description.sponsorshipWe acknowledge the funding by the Turkish Research Council (TUBITAK) with the project number 114K791 for the analytical studies over the archaeological finds from Samsat and Egirdir. Parts of this research related with Kubad Abad finds were carried out at the laboratory facilities of Deutsches Bergbau Museum, Bochum (DBM) and Max-Planck-Institut fur Eisenforschung, Dusseldorf with their institutional support. The contributions of Prof. U. Yalcin, Prof. D. Raabe and Prof. R. Arik are also gratefully acknowledged.
dc.identifier.endpage493
dc.identifier.issn0323-1267
dc.identifier.issue3
dc.identifier.startpage483
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12428/28125
dc.identifier.volume70
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000454019600015
dc.identifier.wosqualityN/A
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherAcad Sciences Czech Rep, Inst Archaeology
dc.relation.ispartofArcheologicke Rozhledy
dc.relation.publicationcategoryKonferans Öğesi - Uluslararası - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.snmzKA_WoS_20250125
dc.subjectAnatolian Seljuks
dc.subjectmultiphase steel
dc.subjectcrucible steel
dc.subjectarrowheads
dc.subjectarchaeometallurgy
dc.titleMulti-phase microstructures in Anatolian Seljuks iron-steel objects: classification and production techniques
dc.typeConference Object

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