Multiple comparisons of organic, microbial, and fine particulate pollutants in typical indoor environments: Diurnal and seasonal variations

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dc.authoridMentese, Sibel/0000-0002-0395-3603
dc.contributor.authorMentese, Sibel
dc.contributor.authorRad, Abbas Yousefi
dc.contributor.authorArisoy, Munevver
dc.contributor.authorGullu, Gulen
dc.date.accessioned2025-01-27T20:12:08Z
dc.date.available2025-01-27T20:12:08Z
dc.date.issued2012
dc.departmentÇanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractThis study was performed to investigate the possible sources as well as seasonal and diurnal variations of indoor air pollutants in widely used four different environments (house, office, kindergarten, and primary school) in which people spend most of their time. Bioaerosol levels and species, volatile organic compound (VOC) levels, and PM2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter similar to 2.5 mu m) levels were determined in different parts of these environments in parallel with outdoor sampling. Air pollution samplings were carried out in each microenvironment during five subsequent days in both winter and summer in Ankara, Turkey. The results indicated that bioaerosol, VOC, and PM2.5 levels were higher in the winter than in the summer. Moreover, PM2.5 and bioaerosol levels showed remarkable daily and diurnal variations, whereas a good correlation was found between the VOC levels measured in the morning and in the afternoon. Bacteria levels were, in general, higher than fungi levels. Among the VOCs, toluene was the most predominant, whereas elevated n-hexane levels were also observed in the kindergarten and the primary school, probably due to the frequent wet cleaning during school days. According to factor analysis, several factors were found to be significantly influencing the indoor air quality (IAQ), and amongst them, VOC-based products used indoors ranked first. The overall results indicate that grab sampling in naturally ventilated places may overestimate or underestimate the IAQ due to the inhomogeneous composition of indoor air caused by irregular exchanges with the outdoor air according to the season and/or occupants' habits. Implications: Seasonal and diurnal variations of VOCs, PM2.5, bioaerosols in house, office, and schools were observed, in which PM2.5 and bioaeorosols showed marked both intra-and interday variability, but VOCs did not. VOC-containing products were the most common source of air pollutants affecting the indoor air quality. External factors affecting the indoor air quality were season and indirectly ventilation. A grab sample cannot be representative in evaluating the air quality of a naturally ventilated environment precisely.
dc.description.sponsorshipScientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) [106Y185]
dc.description.sponsorshipThis study was supported by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK), project number 106Y185. The authors thank Prof. Gurdal Tuncel for the use of laboratory facilities, Esra Deniz Guner, Zehra Esra Ilhan, Elif Abaci, and Nurdan Atalan for their help during measurements at the sites, Rebecca Hinkle for reading the manuscript, and the occupants of the sampling sites for their patience.
dc.identifier.doi10.1080/10962247.2012.714717
dc.identifier.endpage1393
dc.identifier.issn1096-2247
dc.identifier.issn2162-2906
dc.identifier.issue12
dc.identifier.pmid23362757
dc.identifier.startpage1380
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1080/10962247.2012.714717
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12428/20855
dc.identifier.volume62
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000311801400003
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ3
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMed
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherTaylor & Francis Inc
dc.relation.ispartofJournal of The Air & Waste Management Association
dc.relation.publicationcategoryinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.snmzKA_WoS_20250125
dc.subjectAir-Quality
dc.subjectOffice Buildings
dc.subjectAirborne Fungi
dc.subjectResidential Environment
dc.subjectOutdoor Environments
dc.subjectMass Concentrations
dc.subjectExposure Assessment
dc.subjectHousehold Products
dc.subjectVoc Concentrations
dc.subjectPersonal Exposure
dc.titleMultiple comparisons of organic, microbial, and fine particulate pollutants in typical indoor environments: Diurnal and seasonal variations
dc.typeArticle

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