Clinical characteristics of Graves’ disease following COVID-19 infection or vaccination: a multicenter case-control study

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dc.contributor.authorGökçay Canpolat, Asena
dc.contributor.authorAgbaht, K.
dc.contributor.authorElhan, Atilla Halil
dc.contributor.authorCesur, Mustafa
dc.contributor.authorAlphan Üç, Ziynet
dc.contributor.authorAkçay, Seckin
dc.contributor.authorIliksu Gözü, Hülya
dc.date.accessioned2026-02-03T11:53:33Z
dc.date.available2026-02-03T11:53:33Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.departmentÇanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractBackground/aim: To describe Graves’ Disease (GD) associated with COVID-19 infection (COVID) or its vaccines (VAC) and to compare the clinical presentations, laboratory parameters, and short-term clinical course of the disease among different etiology groups (COVID, VAC, and GD control). Materials and methods: Included in this multicenter matched case–control, retrospective cohort study were 239 patients with newly diagnosed (n = 196) or recurrent GD (n = 43) associated with COVID (n = 79) or VAC (n = 160). Each case was matched (1:1) with a control who had been diagnosed with GD prior to COVID. Results: The median age of the entire group was 42 years (female:male = 137:102). Both the COVID (4.6-fold) and VAC (4.1-fold) groups demonstrated higher TSH receptor antibody (TRAb) titers (p < 0.001) compared with the control group (3.5-fold), as well as a higher proportion of recurrent cases. At baseline, the COVID group had higher free triiodothyronine (fT3) levels than the other groups. Graves orbitopathy (GO) was observed in 60 patients (12.6%), with a higher frequency in classical GD (18.4%). At baseline, the variables associated with thyrotoxicosis severity (defined as fT3 levels) were younger age, higher thyroid gland volume (TGV), and etiology, with the COVID and, to a lesser extent, VAC groups presenting with higher fT3 levels. The variables associated with GO were higher TGV, TRAb titers, and smoking, while no association with etiology was identified. Conclusion: The clinical course was similar in all groups other than in some laboratory findings. Although the frequency of GO associated with COVID and VAC was lower, the proportion of cases with a Clinical Activity Score of ?3 was higher compared to GD. This pattern suggests a potentially stronger immunologic trigger in these cases. © TÜBİTAK.
dc.identifier.doi10.55730/1300-0144.6096
dc.identifier.endpage1393
dc.identifier.issn1300-0144
dc.identifier.issue6
dc.identifier.pmid41509944
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105027045829
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ2
dc.identifier.startpage1381
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0144.6096
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12428/34228
dc.identifier.volume55
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMed
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherTUBITAK
dc.relation.ispartofTurkish Journal of Medical Sciences
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.snmzKA_Scopus_20260130
dc.subjectCOVID-19 infection
dc.subjectGraves’ disease
dc.subjectGraves’ orbitopathy
dc.subjectinactivated virus COVID-19 vaccination
dc.subjectmRNA COVID-19 vaccination
dc.titleClinical characteristics of Graves’ disease following COVID-19 infection or vaccination: a multicenter case-control study
dc.typeArticle

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