Su Ürünleri Yetiştiriciliği Bölümü Koleksiyonu

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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12428/2464

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The impact of acute cold water stress on blood parameters, mortality rate and stress-related genes in Oreochromis niloticus, Oreochromis mossambicus and their hybrids
(Elsevier Ltd, 2021) Yılmaz, Sevdan; Ergün, Sebahattin; Çelik, Ekrem Şanver; Banni, Mohamed; Ahmadifar, Ehsan; Dawood, Mahmoud A. O.
This study aims to evaluated the response of Oreochromissp. to cold stress. Two experiments were conducted involving a total of 1080 juvenile Oreochromis niloticus, O. mossambicus, O. niloticus♂ × O.mossambicus♀=F1♂ × O.mossambicus ♀ (Hybrid 1; H1) and O. mossambicus♂ × O. niloticus♀ (Hybrid 2; H2). In the 1st experiment, fish were exposed to cold water (12 °C) for 24 h and then hematological parameters, serum biochemical variables, innate immune responses, antioxidant status, and liver gene expression responses (hsp70, hsp27, hsp90, hsp40, cat, sod, eef1a1 and calreticulin) were analyzed. Hematological and serum biochemical responses involved species-specific differences. At optimal temperatures (28 °C), respiratory burts activity (RBA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) values of H1, H2 and O. mossambicus were significantly higher than O. niloticus (p< 0.05). While the RBAvalue of O. mossambicus decreased after exposure to cold water (p< 0.05), lysozyme activities of O. niloticus and H2 and MPO activities of all experimental fish increased significantly (p< 0.05). At control conditions (28 °C), cortisol levels were found to be higher in O. mossambicus than in H1 and O. niloticus (p< 0.05). A significant increase in cat and sod transcripts was observed in liver of fish being very pronounced in O. mossambicus and H2. The highest up-regulation was observed for hsp70 target where the lowest but significant up-regulation was observed for hsp90 gene. In 2nd experiment, water temperature was gradually decrease from 28 °C to 12 °C (average, 1 °C/1 h).Survival rates of H1 and H2 were found to be different compared to O. mossambicus and O. niloticus (p< 0.05) after 20 days of cold water challenge.O. mossambicus was the most cold-sensitive group, followed by the H2, H1 and O. niloticus. Our data should be carfully considered in view of the possible physiological and anti-stressor responses being species-specific in fish.
Biochemical compounds of algae: sustainable energy sources for biofuel production
(Elsevier, 2022) Ak, İlknur; Koru, Edis; Türker, Gülen; Çankırılıgil, Ekrem Cem; Dereli, Macide Güneş
Algae are rich in proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, minerals, and vitamins. They are currently used intensively as food, food additives, pharmaceuticals, feeds, fertilizers, and cosmetics on a commercial scale. Algal polysaccharides are exclusive products due to their functional properties as dietary fibers and gelling agents. Nowadays, algae are attracting attention as a new and promising third-generation biofuel feedstock. They may be used to produce several kinds of biofuel, including biodiesel, bio-oil, biogas, bioethanol, bio-coal, and biohydrogen. However, biofuel production depends on the chemical composition of algae, which is affected by many factors. Besides being collected from nature, they are also cultured to enrich biochemical composition via aquaculture techniques. This chapter evaluates the biochemical compounds of micro- and macroalgae and the influence of cultivation conditions on those compounds and biofuel production.
Alterations in blood parameters, DNA damage, oxidative stress and antioxidant enzymes and immune-related genes expression in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) exposed to glyphosate-based herbicide
(Elsevier Inc., 2021) Acar, Ümit; İnanan, Burak Evren; Navruz, Fahriye Zemheri; Yılmaz, Sevdan
In this study, effects of different concentrations (0, 5, 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg/L) of glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH) on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were investigated after a 14-day of exposure. After determination of LC50 value, effects of GBH on hematological and serum biochemical parameters in blood samples, DNA damage, lipid peroxidation and catalase activity in liver tissues, expression levels of antioxidant enzyme-related genes (SOD, CAT, GPx, and GST) and immune-related genes (TGF-β, TGF-α and IL1-β) were evaluated. The LC50 value has been found as 44.4 mg/L for GBH. GBH exposure at all concentrations caused alterations in blood parameters. GBH induced oxidative stress in liver and DNA damage in blood. Antioxidant enzyme-related genes were significantly up-regulated to suppress oxidative stress. On the other hand, the expression levels of immune-related genes decreased in fish exposure to particularly ≥20 mg/L GBH.
Chasing Light: How Dichromatic LEDs Affect the Elemental Profile of Gongolaria barbata
(Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, 2023) Yılmaz, Melis; Ak, İlknur
This study aims to investigate the influence of three different dichromatic LED light sources and varying photoperiod durations on the mineral content and trace element compositions in cultivated Gongolaria barbata under controlled culture conditions. During the experiment, red-blue (RB), blue-green (BG), red-green (RG) and fluorescent lights were examined at 16:16, 12:12, and 8:16 Light: Dark (L:D) photoperiods, and at 150 μmol photon m-2 s-1 intensity of light in all treatments. The elemental compositions of the thallus samples were analyzed for Mg, Ca, K, Na, P, Zn, Mo, Cu, Mn, Cr, Co, Cd, Fe, and As.. Our results showed that macro element and trace element compositions significantly varied among different experimental groups. Regarding the order of abundance, macroelements were ranked as follows: K > Na > Ca > Mg > P. Meanwhile, trace elements followed this order: As > Zn > Mn > Cr > Co > Cu > Cd > Mo > Fe. Among the experiment groups, the highest value of the macro elements was recorded as 1041.3±22.2 mg kg-1 for K, and the lowest value was 26.61±0.02 mg kg-1 for the P. Among the trace elements, for As, the highest value was recorded as 1339.86±5.27 µg kg -1, and the lowest was determined at 1.93±0.04 mg kg-1 for the Fe. The findings highlight that LED lighting conditions can significantly influence the elemental composition of G. barbata.
Effect of Anisakis pegreffii (Nematoda: Anisakidae) on Biochemical and Haematological Characteristics of Chub Mackerel (Scomber japonicus Houttuyn, 1782) Caught in the Dardanelles at Çanakkale, Türkiye
(Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, 2022) Çelik, Ekrem Şanver; Kanat, Rıdvan Erdem; Dermancı, Pınar; Kahraman Yılmaz, Dilek; Turgay, Emre; Karataş, Süheyla; Yılmaz, Sevdan
Chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus Houttuyn, 1782) were obtained from the commercial fishermen in Çanakkale, Turkey, in July, 2017. We examined a total of 40 fish (20 non-infested and 20 infested) and assessed the biometric indices, haematological parameters and serum biochemical variables. The hepatosomatic index and gonadosomatic index of infested chub mackerel fish were lower than those of non-infested fish. Blood haematocrit ratio and haemoglobin concentration in naturally parasite-infested chub mackerel fish were significantly lower than those in non-infested fish. However, white blood cell counts of the parasite-infested chub mackerel fish were higher than those of healthy ones. Serum total protein, globulin, glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, urea, chlorine and iron levels in naturally parasite-infested chub mackerel fish were significantly lower than those in non-infested fish. Moreover, serum lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and alanine aminotransferase activities of the parasite-infested chub mackerel fish were higher than those in healthy ones. Therefore, observed variations in haematological parameters, serum biochemical variables and biometric indices influenced by the parasite, A. pegreffii, may potentially increase sensitivity of the chub mackerel, Scomber japonicus, to diseases and environmental conditions.
Farklı LED Işık Kaynaklarının Dunaliella salina Teodoresco (Chlorophyceae) Büyüme ve Pigment İçeriğine Etkisi
(Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, 2022) Benas, Koray; Ak, İlknur
Bu çalışmada Ayvalık (Balıkesir) tuz üretim tesisinden izole edilen yeşil alglerden D. salina Teodoresco’nın kırmızı, mavi, sarı LED (Light Emitting Diode) ışık kaynakları kullanılarak Değiştirilmiş Johnson (DJ) ortamında yetiştiriciliği yapılmıştır. Deneme gruplarının büyüme hızı, pigment ve yağ içeriklerinde meydana gelen değişimler izlenmiştir. Denemeler süresince en yüksek hücre sayısı ve büyüme hızı kırmızı LED lamba altında sırasıyla 335,3 x 104 hc ml-1 ve 4,30 gün-1 olarak elde edilmiştir. Dunaliella salina hücrelerinin en yüksek klorofil a ve β-karoten içerikleri sırasıyla 10,70 ve 3,49 mg l-1 olarak kontrol grubunda tespit edilmiştir. En yüksek ham yağ içeriği ise, sarı LED lamba uygulamasında %18 olarak bulunmuştur. Yapılan çalışma sonucunda LED lambaların D. salina’nın büyümesi ve biyokimyasal kompozisyonu üzerine olumlu etkilerinin olduğu saptanmıştır.
Cyanobacterial Communities in Mucilage Collected from Çanakkale Strait (Dardanelles): Metagenomic Approach
(Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, 2022) Yılmaz, Sevdan; Çelik, Ekrem Şanver; Yılmaz, Dilek Kahraman; Küçüker, Mehmet Ali
In this study, cyanobacterial communities in mucilage samples collected from three stations in the Dardanelles Strait were analyzed with a metagenomic approach. Mucilage samples were collected at the beginning of June 2021 from three points of the Dardanelles (Station 1: 40°6'42.78"N, 26°23'57.00"E; Station 2: 40°9'8.09"N, 26°24'16.19"E; Station 3: 40°6 '21.62"N, 26°22'41.25"E). The dominant cyanobacteria were Prochlorococcus marinus (39.17%), Synechococcus sp. (20.85%), Lyngbya sp. (12.00%), Trichodesmium erythraeum (7.33%), Aphanocapsa sp. (4.33%) and Leptolyngbya sp. (3.33%), which constituted 87.00 % of the total number of sequences. In this study, cyanobacteria species that can cause harmful algal blooms and have toxic effects on the mucilage structure have been determined. The Marmara Sea and the Dardanelles Strait, which have been affected by serious disturbances, including industrial activities, anthropogenic impacts, tourism and artificial lighting, will never be fully restored to their former ecological state. In addition, cyanobacteria species in the mucilage may cause harmful algal blooms and have toxic effects that threaten the future well-being of coastal populations and ecosystem stability. Thus, the government and local authorities should pay more attention to combating the mucilage.
The Growth and Survival of The European lobster (Hommarus gammarus) Larvae in Pseudo-Green Water and Clear Water Under Low Density Conditions
(Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, 2021) Önal, Umur; Baki, Hakan
Avrupa ıstakozu, Homarus gammarus, Avrupa’da önemli bir ticari türdür. Son yirmi yıldır devam eden başarılı stok geliştirme çalışmalarına karşın, H. gammarus’un yetiştiricilik yöntemleri hala gelişmektedir.Bu çalışmada, düşük yoğunluklu stoklama şartlarında, konsantre alg içeren pseudo-yeşil su ve temiz su tekniklerinin H. gammarus larvalarının I-IV evreler arasındaki büyüme ve hayatta kalma oranları araştırılmıştır. Tüm larvalar 800 L hacmindeki silindir-konik tanklarda 1.25 larva/L stoklama yoğunluğunda 17.1±1 oC sıcaklık ve 32±1 ppt tuzlulukta yetiştirilmiştir. Istakoz larvaları zenginleştirilmiş Artemia ile 3-5 naupli/ml oranında 10 saat süre (09:30 - 19:30) ile beslenmiştir. Tanklara günlük eklenen konsantre alg, eklenmeyen temiz su şartlarına göre türbiditeyi arttırmış ve görüş mesafesini azaltmıştır. Sonuçlar, farklı gruplardaki ıstakoz larvalarının I-IV evrelerde büyüme ve hayatta kalma oranlarının istatistiksel olarak farklı olmadığını göstermiştir (p>0.05). Ortalama hayatta kalma oranı %3’tü ve gruplar arasında bir farklılık ortaya çıkmamıştır. Artan türbidite şartları ve düşük stoklama yoğunluğu hayatta kalma oranlarını arttırmamıştır. Istakoz larvalarının pelajik evrelerde daha yüksek hayatta kalma oranlarını sağlayacak çalışmaların yapılması gereklidir.
The Effect of Different Solvents on Antioxidant Properties of Gongolaria barbata (Phaeophyceae)
(Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, 2021) Yılmaz, Melis; Türker, Gülen; Ak, İlknur
Bu çalışmada, Gongolaria barbata'dan elde edilen alg ekstraktlarının antioksidan aktiviteleri, toplam fenolik ve flavonoid içerikleri sırasıyla farklı çözücüler kullanılarak incelenmiştir: etil asetat (AcOEt), su(W) ve fosfat tamponu (PH). Sonuçlara göre EtOH, W ve PB çözücüleri, sırasıyla test edilen iki ticari antioksidan olan BHT ve Vitamin C'den önemli ölçüde daha yüksek olduğu ve düşük IC50 değerleri ile orta düzeyde antioksidan potansiyeli gösterdiği kaydedildi. En yüksek toplam flavonoid içeriği W (6.91±0,09 mg/g Ext.) olarak tespit edildi ve PB en yüksek fenolik içeriği (2.29±0.01 mg GAE/g ext.) gösterdi. Klorofil a ve toplam karotenoid değerleri sırasıyla 40,5±1,20 ve 29,13±1,12 (mg/g DW) olarak ölçüldü. Fikoeritrin 0.002±0.001 (mg/g DW) olarak ölçülürken, fikosiyanin içeriği 0.04 ±0.01 (mg/g DW) olarak bulundu. Çalışmamızın sonucuna göre, Gongolaria barbata’nın antioksidan içerikleri, toplam fenolik ve flavonoid içerikleri incelendiğinde, fosfat tamponunun etanolün yerine kullanılabilecek bir çözücü olduğu belirlenmiştir.
The Growth and Survival of Carpet Clam, Ruditapes decussatus in Çardak Estuary (Çanakkale Strait, Northwest Turkey)
(Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, 2020) Erdal, Hakan; Önal, Umur
Bu çalışmada akivadesin Ruditapes decussatus Çardak Lagünü’nde (Kuzeybatı Türkiye) büyüme ve hayatta kalma potansiyeli incelenmiştir. Kum midyeleri farklı substrat özelliklerine sahip 3 istasyonda büyütülmüştür. Sonuçlar, 38.41% iri çakıl, 21.90% çakıl ve 17.16% granülden oluşan C istasyonunda yetiştirilen akivadeslerin, daha küçük tanecik kompozisyonuna sahip diğer istasyonlara göre daha fazla büyüme ve hayatta kalma sergilediklerini göstermiştir. Başlangıç boy ve ağırlıkları sırasıyla, 2,772 cm ve 4,032 g olan akivadeslerin 10 aylık çalışma sonunda, ortalama 3,612 cm boy ve 9,179 g ağırlığa ulaştıkları tespit edilmiştir. Ekim öncesi yapılan taşımanın akivadeslerin hayatta kalma oranını etkilediği gözlenmiştir. Çalışmada tespit edilen büyüme ve hayatta kalma oranları diğer çalışmalarla benzerlik gösterse de, yazın gözlenen yüksek mortalite, bundan sonra yapılacak çalışmalar için en önemli konulardan bir tanesidir.
Sıvı Alg Özütünün Treptacantha barbata’nın (Phaeophyceae) Büyüme ve Biyokimyasal Kompozisyonuna Etkisi
(Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, 2020) Ak, İlknur; Künili, Merve
Bu çalışmada esmer alglerden Colpomenia sinuosa sıvı özütünün Treptacantha barbata’nın büyüme hızı ve biyokimyasal kompozisyonu üzerine etkileri araştırılmıştır. C. sinuosa sıvı özütü iki farklı konsantrasyonda (1ml l-1(C1), 2 ml l-1(C2)) kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca denemelerde Conway ortamının kullanıldığı bir kontrol grubu da oluşturulmuştur. 35 gün süren denemelerde en yüksek büyüme hızı ve biyomas verimi C1 grubunda saptanmıştır (p<0,05). Grupların ham yağ içerikleri %1,18±0,03 ile %2,19±0,06 arasında değişim göstermiştir. En yüksek ham protein içeriği ise kontrol ve C1 gruplarında saptanmıştır. Tüm grupların kül içerikleri arasında istatistiksel açıdan önemli farklılıkların olduğu belirlenmiştir (p<0,05). Tüm grupların yağ asidi içeriklerinin yarısından fazlasını doymuş yağ asitlerinin (SFA) oluşturduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Deneme gruplarımızın tekli doymamış yağ asitleri (MUFA) içeriği %23,51±0,23 ile 25,36±0,22 arasında değişim göstermiştir. Çalışmada C1 konsantrasyonundaki C. sinuosa sıvı özütü kullanılarak yetiştirilen T. barbata talluslarının diğer deneme gruplarına göre daha fazla çoklu doymamış yağ asidi içeriğine sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda T. barbata yetiştiriciliğinde C. sinuosa sıvı özütlerinin besin tuzu olarak kullanılabileceği saptanmıştır.
Identification of new yeast strains, Candida zeylanoides Y12-3 and Hyphopichia pseudoburtonii Y12-1, from the intestinal tract of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, with potential probiotic characteristics
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2024) Çaylı Bektaş, Özge; Didinen, Behire Işıl; Onuk, Ertan Emek; Yılmaz, Sevdan; Abdel-Latif, Hany M. R.
In this study, 2 yeasts, Candida zeylanoides isolate Y12-3 (MN073455.1) and Hyphopichia pseudoburtonii isolate Y12-1 (MN073489.1), were isolated from rainbow trout hindguts. Their identity was confirmed by amplification of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene regions. Their in vitro probiotic properties showed that they were hydrophobic and did not inhibit bacterial growth. However, they displayed positive co-aggregation with several bacterial pathogens. It was interesting that Y12-1 and Y12-3 isolates survived and grew well in bile salt concentrations ranging from 0.6% to 1.5% and at low pH conditions. After a 35-day feeding trial, the results of dietary incorporation of the yeast isolates showed that serum myeloperoxidase activity was unchanged in the treated and control groups. Meanwhile, serum lysozyme activity in yeast groups was decreased significantly compared to the control. However, fish fed with Y12-1 had higher total protein, albumin, and globulin than other groups. Total cholesterol levels were decreased significantly in yeast groups compared to the control. Interestingly, the Y12-1 and Y12-3 groups showed higher survival (69.05% and 80.95%) after the challenge with Lactococcus garvieae compared to the control (45.24%). In brief, the aforementioned findings showed that Y12-1 and Y12-3 strains could be potential probiotic candidates for use in rainbow trout farming.
Assessing the impact of dietary polystyrene nanoplastics on growth performance, immunological parameters, and antioxidant defense in zebrafish (Danio rerio)
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2024) Ahmadifar, Ehsan; Shohreh, Poulin; Kalhor, Naser; Moghadam, Mohsen Shahriari; Yılmaz, Sevdan
This trial was performed in order to investigate the response of zebrafish (Danio rerio) to dietary exposure to polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs) under laboratory conditions on fish growth and health. Healthy zebrafish (n=240) were divided into 12 tanks and fed with diets including 0 (T0), 100 (T1), 500 (T2), and 1000 (T3) mg kg−1 synthesized polystyrenes nanoplastics (PS-NPs) for 30 days. At the end of trial, fish fed the PS-NPs supplementation showed weight gain percentages of 79.45%, 70.35%, and 61.88% for T1, T2, and T3 groups, respectively, compared with 87.39% in the control fish. The SOD, GPX and MDA activities and cortisol levels increased by 47%, 32% and 35% and 46%, respectively, especially at high-dose administration (p < 0.05). The expression of GPX (T2-81% and T3-82%) and SOD (T2-101% and T3-187%) were remarkably upregulated in T2 and T3 groups. Moreover, the relative gene expression of HSP70, interleukin-1 (IL1), Interferon γ (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) increased by 178%, 202%, 154% and 307%, respectively, especially at high-dose administration (p < 0.05). The results of the present study demonstrated that exposure to PS-NPs especially at high concentrations (500 and 1000 mg kg−1 of diet) negatively influenced growth, health status-, antioxidant-, and immunity-related gene expression responses of zebrafish.
Multiple exposure to thunderstorm-sound in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): physiological response and stress recovery
(Sciendo, 2023) Kuşku, Halit; Yiğit, Murat; Yılmaz, Sevdan; Yiğit, Ümüt; Ergün, Sebahattin
The present study investigated the impacts of multiple thunderstorm-sound exposures on growth and respiratory parameters in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in order to evaluate the acoustic stress response. Thunderstorm-sound exposure for 3 hours triggered respiration speed with an alarm reflex and rapid elevation of opercula beat rate (OBR) and pectoral wing rate (PWR), which increased two-fold over the control with no sound treatment, and peaked (OBR, 71.33±5.86 beat/min; PWR, 75.00±3.61 beat/min) in 10 hours after initiation of sound. Thereafter, respiration rates declined over the following days and returned to near-initial levels (45.33±4.04 beat/min OBR and 43.00±1.00 beat/min PWR) by day 3, an indication that fish recovered from thunderstorm-sound stress after 3 days of exposure. However, the same reaction course was observed each time of multiple sound exposures, repeated 20 times in a row with 4-day intervals, underlining that fish could not attune to repeated thunderstorm sound. Reduced voluntary feed intake as a result of anxiety and appetite loss was recorded in fish exposed to multiple thunderstorm sound, resulting in 50% less growth compared to those without sound treatment by the end of the 80-day experimentation. Therefore, it is advisable to monitor fish behavior during the 3-day stress period after a thunderstorm event in order to prevent waste from excess feeding, that in turn may contribute environment-friendly aquaculture for the future and sustainability of the oceans.
Enhancing Rearing of European Seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) in Aquaponic Systems: Investigating the Effects of Enriched Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Prepupae Meal on Fish Welfare and Quality Traits
(MDPI, 2023) Zarantoniello, Matteo; de Oliveira, Adriana Alves; Şahin, Tolga; Freddi, Lorenzo; Torregiani, Matteo
Within the modern aquaculture goals, the present study aimed to couple sustainable aquafeed formulation and culturing systems. Two experimental diets characterized by 3 and 20% of fish meal replacement with full-fat spirulina-enriched black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) prepupae meal (HPM3 and HPM20, respectively) were tested on European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles during a 90-day feeding trial performed in aquaponic systems. The experimental diets ensured 100% survival and proper zootechnical performance. No behavioral alterations were evidenced in fish. Histological and molecular analyses did not reveal structural alterations and signs of inflammation at the intestinal level, highlighting the beneficial role on gut health of bioactive molecules typical of HPM or derived from the enriching procedure of insects’ growth substrate with spirulina. Considering the quality traits, the tested experimental diets did not negatively alter the fillet’s fatty acid profile and did not compromise the fillet’s physical features. In addition, the results highlighted a possible role of spirulina-enriched HPM in preserving the fillet from lipid oxidation. Taken together, these results corroborate the use of sustainable ingredients (spirulina-enriched HPM) in aquaponic systems for euryhaline fish rearing.
Quercetin Application for Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio): I. Effects on Growth Performance, Humoral Immunity, Antioxidant Status, Immune-Related Genes, and Resistance against Heat Stress
(Hindawi Limited, 2023) Armobin, Kobra; Ahmadifar, Ehsan; Adineh, Hossein; Samani, Mahsa Naderi; Kalhor, Naser; Yılmaz, Sevdan; Hoseinifar, Seyed Hossein; Van Doan, Hien
This study was done to evaluate the effect of different quercetin levels on growth performance, immune responses, antioxidant status, serum biochemical factors, and high-temperature stress responses in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). A total number of 216 common carp with an average weight of 27.21 ± 53 g were divided into 12 tanks ( four treatments × three replications ) and fed 0 mg/kg quercetin (T0), 200 mg/kg quercetin (T1), 400 mg/kg quercetin (T2), and 600 mg/kg quercetin (T3) for 60 days. There were significant differences in growth performance, and the highest final body weight (FBW), weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), and feed intake (FI) were observed in T2 and T3 ( P < 0.05 ). Different quercetin levels significantly increased complement pathway activity (ACH50) and lysozyme activity both before and after heat stress ( P < 0.05 ). Catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were significantly increased in fish exposed to heat stress, but fish fed with a supplemented diet with quercetin showed the lowest levels both before and after heat stress ( P < 0.05 ). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were significantly enhanced in fish fed diets supplemented with quercetin in both phases ( P < 0.05 ). Different quercetin levels led to a significant decrease in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) before and after the challenging test ( P < 0.05 ). Glucose and cortisol levels were significantly higher in the control group compared to the other treatments in both phases ( P < 0.05 ). The expression of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and lysozyme was markedly upregulated in fish fed with quercetin-supplemented diets ( P < 0.05 ). No marked effects were observed for growth hormone (GR) and interleukin-8 (IL8) ( P > 0.05 ). In conclusion, dietary quercetin supplementations (400-600 mg/kg quercetin) improved growth performance, immunity, and antioxidant status and increased tolerance to heat stress.
Editorial: Functionality and applications of phytochemicals in aquaculture nutrition
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2023) Abdel-Latif, Hany M. R.; Yılmaz, Sevdan; Kucharczyk, Dariusz
The aquaculture industry is a fast-growing sector amongst the food production sectors, as its growth is strongly associated with the continuous increase of the global population. This industry effectively contributes to food security by providing nutritive and healthful aquatic foods and manufactured products for human beings (1). The chief target of this valuable sector is to raise the production rates with cost-effective benefits to enlarge the profitability margins for fish farmers. This goal has directed the visions of farmers and aquaculturists for the application of intensive farming systems by increasing the total biomass per unit surface area or water volume. Although this farming system has maximized productivity, it may induce several drawbacks and side effects if the fish are not carefully monitored or controlled environments are not maintained. If these conditions are not found, deterioration of the water quality parameters (particularly elevated un-ionized ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, organic matter, or decreased dissolved oxygen levels) will occur. Furthermore, the possibility of flourishing emergent diseases (bacterial, fungal, or viral) will occur and spread rapidly among the farmed fish (2). Deteriorated water quality will induce stressful environmental conditions, disrupt the physiological responses of the exposed fish, trigger immune suppression, compromise health, and consequently cause high mortalities. Besides, the emergence of infectious pathogens will cause heavy kills and subsequent critical economic loss.
Biofouling and Mitigation Methods: A Review
(AMG Transcend Association, 2023) Gizer, Görkem; Önal, Umur; Ram, Manoj; Şahiner, Nurettin
Biofouling accumulates living organisms on surfaces in contact with the water and causes significant economic, structural, and microbial problems on ship hulls, piers, oil rigs, power plants, pipework, water treatment facilities as well as medical devices. In order to mitigate problems associated with biofouling, many toxic and non-toxic antifouling methods have been developed. Unfortunately, most of the methods used to control biofouling are either harmful to the environment or, in some cases, considered effective. Thus, antifouling research's main objective is to develop green, sustainable, viable, widely applicable, and environmentally friendly antifouling technology. In this review, chemical, physical, and biological mitigation methods to prevent biofilm formation employed in the past and present have been discussed along with the current literature. Chemical antifouling methods generally contain antifouling (AF) paints with biocides including copper, silver, thiocyanate, Copper powder, Irgarol 1051, Zinc pyrithione, and Tributyltin (TBT). The physical antifouling control methods employ physical force or surface modifications such as low drag, low adhesion, wettability (super hydrophobicity or super hydrophilicity), as well as microtextured structures that minimize microorganism adhesion and/or accumulation on contact surfaces, hindering the formation of biofouling. The use of nature-inspired antibiological and biomimetic surfaces like shark skin, whale skin, dolphin skin, and lotus leaves are promising for the effective control of biofouling and present opportunities for developing non-polluting technologies.
Evaluation of metabolic stress status in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) exposed to the fungicide folpet
(Elsevier Inc., 2023) Acar, Ümit; Erden, Yavuz; İnanan, Burak Evren; Kesbiç, Osman Sabri; Yılmaz, Sevdan; Çelik, Ekrem Şanver
Among pesticides, fungicides are the most extensively used ones in agriculture and their effects on fish health and indirectly human health are needed to evaluate. Folpet has been used for over 50 years as a fungicide across the world. The mechanism of action of folpet on non-target aquatic organisms is so poorly understood and there is no available information about potential acute toxicity of folpet and its mechanism of action in non-target aquatic organisms. With this motivation, two successive experiments were set up: first, 96 h-LC50 value of folpet for common carp (Cyprinus carpio) was determined; and second, effects of different sublethal concentrations (0, 0.025, 0.50, 0.1 and 0.15 mg/L) of folpet on hematological serum biochemical blood parameters, DNA damages, expression levels of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and cortisol receptor (HSP70) genes were evaluated in this study. It was calculated that 0.199 mg/L of folpet was the 96 h-LC50 value. After the folpet exposure for 14 days, significant decreases in red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, serum total protein, and GST gene expression levels were observed while serum glucose, liver enzymes activities, and expression levels of CAT, SOD, GPx, HSP70 genes increased. Also, folpet induced a significant genotoxic effect on the blood cells regarding to DNA damages. Consequently, the results have shown the toxic effects of folpet even at the lowest concentration on common carp.
Effects of dietary costmary (Tanacetum balsamita) essential oil on growth performance, digestive enzymes' activity, immune responses and subjected to ambient ammonia of common carp Cyprinus carpio
(Elsevier B.V., 2023) Yousefi, Morteza; Adineh, Hossein; Sedaghat, Zeynab; Yılmaz, Sevdan; Elgabry, Sahar Ezeldien
The present study aimed at investigating the effects of dietary costmary, Tanacetum balsamita, essential oil (CEO) on growth performance, digestive enzymes' activity, and physiological responses to ammonia exposure in common carp, Cyprinus carpio. Common carp (∼17 g) were randomly distributed in 15 tanks as five treatments receiving diets containing 0 (CTL), 100 (100E), 200 (200E), 300 (300E), and 400 (400E) mg/kg CEO for eight weeks and then exposed to 0.5 mg/l unionized ammonia nitrogen for 3 h. The results showed that dietary CEO significantly increased growth performance and feed efficiency and the best values were observed in 100E and 200E treatments. Intestinal amylase, lipase, and protease activities significantly increased in 100E, 200E, and 300E treatments, compared to CTL, and the highest amylase activity was related to 100E, and highest lipase and protease was related 100E and 200E treatments. Dietary CEO significantly decreased serum cortisol, glucose, catalase, malondialdehyde, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, triglyceride, cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein, but increased serum superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, lysozyme, complement, total immunoglobulin, high density lipoprotein, total protein, and albumin before and/or after ammonia stress, depending on CEO concentrations. Based on the present results, dietary CEO supplementation can improve digestive enzymes and growth performance of common carp. Moreover, CEO exhibits anti-stress, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, and immunostimulant effects in common carp under ammonia toxicity. Based on the results, 100–200 mg/kg CEO is recommended for common carp feed supplementation.

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