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Gene expression responses unveil the negative effects of Olive Mill Wastewater on Gammarus komareki (Amphipoda: Gammaridae)
(Springer, 2025) Yılmaz, Sevdan; Odabaşı, Deniz Anıl; Zilifli, Aytuğ; Banni, Mohammed; Abdel-Latif, Hany M. R.
Olive Mill Wastewater (OMW) is a major organic pollutant, particularly in Mediterranean countries with intensive olive oil production. In this study, the toxic effects of OMW were tested on a freshwater macroinvertebrate, Gammarus komareki. Animals were exposed to different concentrations of 1/5, 1/10, and 1/20 of the previously calculated 72-h LC50 (LC50 = 3.65%) and was applied as high (0.73%), medium (0.365%) and low (0.1825%) levels, respectively for 20 days. At exposure, female and male individuals from each group were sampled separately. Samples were analyzed for the expression levels of antioxidant defences (cat, gst, se-gpx, and mn-sod), reproduction (vitellogenin-like protein, vtg), respiration (hemocyanin, hc), antitoxic defences (heat shock protein 70, hsp70), and molting (molt-inhibiting hormone, mih) related genes. Results revealed that the expression levels of vtg gene in females exposed to low doses were increased significantly compared to other groups; however, its levels were decreased in group exposed to high doses compared to the control and other groups. The mRNA expression levels of mn-sod and se-gpx genes of males and female individuals exposed to low OMW doses increased significantly compared to other doses. The mRNA expression levels of gst gene increased in males and females exposed to moderate doses and only in males exposed to low doses compared to other groups. The mRNA expression levels of cat gene of females were similar in all groups, while their levels were higher in males exposed to OMW than in the control group. The expression values of hsp70 gene were significantly decreased in females and all males exposed to high doses of OMW. On the other hand, the mih gene expression in females was increased at low doses of OMW, while decreased in the groups exposed to high doses compared to the control group. In male individuals, the mih expression levels significantly increased in all experimental groups. The expression of the hc gene was decreased in male and female individuals exposed to all doses of OMW compared to the control group. To put it briefly, the great variations in the gene expression levels in groups exposed to OMW underlines the toxic effects of this effluent and its negative impacts on the aquatic organisms.
Investigation of the probiotic effects of Lactobacillus sakei 2-3 and Candida zeylanoides Y12-3 strains in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum 1792)
(Springer, 2025) Taha, Mohanad Dheyaa; Didinen, Behire Işıl; Yılmaz, Sevdan; Gürkan, Mert; Kenanoğlu, Osman Nezih
This study aimed to assess individual and combined effects of candidate probiotic strains C. zeylanoides Y12-3 and L. sakei 2-3 on growth, hematological parameters, serum immunological parameters, serum biochemistry, histopathology, histomorphology, expression of immune and antioxidant enzyme genes, and disease resistance against L. garvieae in rainbow trout. The fish were fed four different feeds (control, L. sakei 2-3, C. zeylanoides Y12-3, and L. sakei 2-3 + C. zeylanoides Y12-3) for 60 days. At the end of the experiment, growth parameters, serum glucose levels, serum lysozyme activity, and expression of immune and antioxidant enzyme genes were significantly increased in the probiotic groups. Additionally, triglyceride levels decreased in the probiotic groups compared to the control group, whereas serum ALT levels did not change. The villus width and the number of goblet cells increased in the proximal intestines of the fish in C. zeylanoides and L. sakei + C. zeylanoides groups. L. sakei 2-3 showed higher superoxide anion production, expression of immune genes (IgM, IL-B1, lysozyme, TNF-alpha, HSP70) in the kidney, antioxidant enzyme genes (GPX, GST, SOD) in the liver compared to C. zeylanoides. TNF-alpha, HSP70), and antioxidant enzyme genes (GPX, GST, SOD) compared to C. zeylanoides. L. sakei and the combination of L. sakei + C. zeylanoides provided resistance to L. garvieae compared to the control group. However, C. zeylanoides was similar to the other two probiotic groups regarding disease resistance against L. garvieae. However, histopathological examinations revealed reversible changes in the proximal intestine, anterior kidney, and liver of fish in the C. zeylanoides and L. sakei + C. zeylanoides groups. Hence, future studies are still required to explore the effects of shorter-term use of the C. zeylanoides strain in rainbow trout to prevent undesirable effects on tissues. In brief, the findings, as mentioned above, showed that L. sakei 2-3 and C. zeylanoides Y12-3 could be potential probiotic candidates for use in rainbow trout farming. Moreover, the probiotic effects of both strains on different fish species should also be studied.
Comprehensive analysis of Yersinia ruckeri serotype O1 biotype 1 and biotype 2 isolates from rainbow trout in Turkey: Proteomic, serologic, antigenic, genomic, and virulence characteristics
(Elsevier, 2025) Altun, Soner; Satıcıoğlu, İzzet Burçin; Ajmi, Nihed; Taşcı, Görkem; Özakın, Cüneyt; Tüzemen, Nazmiye Ülkü; Romalde, Jesus L.; Ergün, Sebahattin
Enteric Red Mouth (ERM) disease caused by Yersinia ruckeri first emerged in rainbow trout in the United States in the 1950s. Despite the development of effective vaccines in the 1970s, ERM continues to spread rapidly worldwide (Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia, and New Zealand), causing significant mortality, particularly in salmonid fish. In this study, a total of 69 Y. ruckeri isolates collected from rainbow trout between 2013 and 2023, along with two reference strains (NCTC 12266 and the field strain Biotype 2 [BT2]), were subjected to phenotypic tests such as motility, lipase activity, and sorbitol fermentation to determine biotypes (BT). The isolates were characterized as serotype O1 Biotype 1 (BT1) (n = 46) and BT2 (n = 23) using motility test to detect bacterial motility, SDS-PAGE and Western blot analyses to profile whole-cell proteins and antigenic properties, and slide and microagglutination tests to assess serological relationships. While general similarities were observed in the whole-cell protein profiles, significant differences were found in the antigenic protein patterns. Y. ruckeri strains of serotype O1 BT1 and BT2 showed strong cross-reactions in slide agglutination and quantitative agglutination tests, with titers ranging from 1/160 to 1/1280, except for the Y2022-239 strain. It was determined that the isolates Y2022-266 from O1 BT1 and Y75-2013 from O1 B2 displayed a distinct (1/1280) antibody titer compared to other isolates. Additionally, comprehensive genomic analyses were performed to compare the overall genomic relatedness, virulence genes, and antimicrobial resistance patterns of these biotypes. Genomic analyses revealed that the Turkish Y. ruckeri serotype O1 BT1 and BT2 strains formed a common cluster distinct from isolates of different geographical origins. Furthermore, the Y. ruckeri O1 BT1 (n = 3) and O1 BT2 (n = 5) strains diverged into two subclusters. The AMR genes among these strains were completely similar. The virulence capabilities of pathogenic isolates exhibiting serotype O1 BT1 and BT2 characteristics were also investigated in vivo. The Kaplan-Meier survivorship curves indicate that specific strains within the serotype O1 BT1 and BT2 groups exhibit varying levels of virulence, with BT2 strains showing significantly lower survival rates in rainbow trout than the BT1 strains (p < 0.05). This study is the first to determine the serological, antigenic, and virulence characteristics of Yersinia ruckeri serotype O1 BT1 and BT2 strains isolated in Turkey.
An In-Depth Analysis of the Finfish Aquaculture in Türkiye: Current Status, Challenges, and Future Prospects
(Wiley, 2025) Aydin, Ilhan; Ozturk, Rafet cagri; Eroldogan, Orhan Tufan; Arslan, Murat; Terzi, Yahya; Yılmaz, Sevdan; Diken, Guerkan
Aquaculture emerges as a crucial solution for addressing the global food shortage of an estimated 10 billion people by 2050. In T & uuml;rkiye, aquaculture plays a significant role in supporting the economy and ensuring food security. Over the past two decades, finfish production in T & uuml;rkiye surged from 61,163 to 547,505 t, generating $1.7 billion in export revenue across over 100 countries. This growth has been driven by technological advancements, robust governmental support, and increasing global demand for aquaculture products. However, the sector also faces persistent challenges, including the need to enhance sustainability, mitigate ecological impacts, and manage finite resources. As Europe's leading fish producer, the Turkish aquaculture sector must continue to innovate and expand to meet the demands of a growing population. Despite the expanding research on Turkish finfish aquaculture, there is no comprehensive review that consolidates both scientific progress and sectoral developments. This study fills that void by combining a bibliometric analysis of 1958 scientific publications from 1983 to 2023 with an in-depth sectoral evaluation, providing a holistic understanding of the Turkish aquaculture sector. The bibliometric analysis highlights key research areas, trends, and knowledge gaps, while the sectoral overview examines production trends, dynamics of the feed industry, technological innovations, and economic factors. It also addresses challenges such as climate change impacts, reliance on imported feed ingredients, and disease issues, discussing potential avenues for sustainable growth through innovation, policy reforms, and technological integration. This review serves as a valuable resource for researchers, policymakers, and industry stakeholders, offering insights into the current state and future directions of finfish aquaculture in T & uuml;rkiye.
Impact of Valerian (Valeriana officinalis) Extract Supplementation on Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) Growth Performance, Immune Responses, and Gene Expression
(Wiley, 2025) Yılmaz, Ebru; Motlagh, Hamidreza Ahmadniaye; Yılmaz, Sevdan
This study evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation with valerian (Valeriana officinalis) extract on growth performance, immune responses, and gene expression in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Four experimental diets (V-0, V-0.25, V-0.5, and V-1) containing 0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, and 1% valerian extract were administered for 30 days. Dietary supplementation did not significantly influence growth performance (p > 0.05). Glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity remained unchanged except in the high-dose group (V-1), while malondialdehyde (MDA) activity was significantly reduced in the V-0.25 group (p < 0.05). Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity increased in the V-1 group (p < 0.05), whereas alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity decreased in the V-0.25 group (p < 0.05). Albumin (ALB) levels were elevated in the V-1 group (p < 0.05), while globulin (GLB) levels increased in all valerian-supplemented groups (p < 0.05). Creatinine (CRT) levels rose significantly only in the V-1 group (p < 0.05), and cholesterol levels decreased in the 0.5% and 1% groups (p < 0.05). Gene expression analysis revealed an increase in interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) expression in the V-0.5 group (p < 0.05) but reductions in IL-10 and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in the V-0.25 group (p < 0.05). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) gene expression levels significantly decreased in the groups fed with 0.25% and 0.5% valerian extract (p < 0.05), while catalase (CAT) gene expression levels significantly decreased in the groups fed with 0.25% and 0.5% valerian extract (p < 0.05). GPX gene expression levels declined across all experimental groups (p < 0.05). Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) gene expression showed no significant changes (p > 0.05). These findings highlight the potential of valerian extract as a functional feed additive. However, further research with extended feeding durations and varying doses is required to understand its physiological effects in aquaculture better.
The Potential of the Inclusion of Prosopis farcta Extract in the Diet on the Growth Performance, Immunity, Digestive Enzyme Activity, and Oxidative Status of the Common Carp, Cyprinus carpio, in Response to Ammonia Stress
(MDPI, 2025) Yousefi, Morteza; Adineh, Hossein; Al Sulivany, Basim S. A.; Alamdari, Ebrahim Gholamalipour; Yılmaz, Sevdan; Mahboub, Heba H.; Hoseini, Seyyed Morteza
Herbal feed additives have benefits in aquaculture, as they can improve growth performance, welfare, and stress resistance. Hence, the effects of dietary Prosopis farcta extract (PFE) on the growth parameters, digestive enzyme activity, antioxidant defense, innate immunity responses, and resistance to ammonia stress in the common carp, Cyprinus carpio, were studied. Fish (15.14 +/- 0.72 g) were fed on diets without the PFE (PFE0) or those fortified with 0.5% (PFE0.5), 1% (PFE1), or 2% (PFE2) PFE for 60 days and then subjected to ammonia stress for 24 h. The growth rate, feed efficiency, and amylase-, lipase-, and protease-specific activities in the PFE1 and PFE2 treatments showed significant elevations compared to these values in PFE0. The intestinal protease-specific activity significantly increased in all of the PFE treatments compared to that in the PFE0 treatment. Serum total protein and immunoglobulin significantly increased in the PFE1 treatment, whereas serum albumin and alternative complement activity significantly increased in the PFE2 treatment compared to these values in the PFE0 treatment. The PFE2 treatment significantly mitigated post-stress elevations in serum cortisol, glucose, malondialdehyde levels, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase activities. The PFE1 treatment significantly mitigated post-stress elevations in CAT activity and decreases in SOD and lysozyme activity. In conclusion, 1-2% dietary PFE supplementation can improve the growth performance, health, and resilience to environmental stressors of the common carp.
Effects of a Myrrh (Commiphora myrrha) Essential Oil Supplemented Diet on Haemato-Biochemical Parameters, Expression of Tissue-Specific Immune- and Stress-Related Genes, and Resistance of Cyprinus carpio to Aeromonas hydrophila Infection
(Central Fisheries Research Inst, 2025) Acar, Ümit; Yıldırım, Önder; Baba, Esin; Navruz, Fahriye Zemheri; Hacisa, Mustafa; Yılmaz, Sevdan
Plant-based additives or botanicals, have garnered considerable interest in the aquaculture industry for their multifaceted benefits in fish diets. In this study, a 30 days short term feeding experiment was designed to determine the effects of Myrrh (Commiphora myrrha) essential oil on hematological, biochemical parameters and tissue specific mRNA expression responses of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Fish were experimentally infected with Aeromonas hydrophila and monitored for 20 days after been divided in four groups: a control group without C. myrrha and three experimental groups supplemented with 0.25%, 0.50%, and 1.0% C. myrrha essential oil (CMO 0.25, CMO 0.50, and CMO 1.0, respectively). Results revealed a significant increase in RBC count, hemoglobin, and hematocrit values compared to the control diet. Positive effects of C. myrra supplementation have been observed also in serum biochemistry parameters. mRNA transcripts of il-1 ss, tnf-alpha, il-8, sod, cat, gpx and gst genes significantly increased in spleen and liver tissue of fish fed with C. myrra supplemented diets. After the challenge with Aeromonas hydrophila, the survival rates were 60%, and 83.33%, respectively, suggesting enhanced fish resistance in the CMO 0.50 and CMO 1.0 groups compared to the control. The results suggest the immunomodulatory roles of C. myrrha essential oil.
The impact of acute cold water stress on blood parameters, mortality rate and stress-related genes in Oreochromis niloticus, Oreochromis mossambicus and their hybrids
(Elsevier Ltd, 2021) Yılmaz, Sevdan; Ergün, Sebahattin; Çelik, Ekrem Şanver; Banni, Mohamed; Ahmadifar, Ehsan; Dawood, Mahmoud A. O.
This study aims to evaluated the response of Oreochromissp. to cold stress. Two experiments were conducted involving a total of 1080 juvenile Oreochromis niloticus, O. mossambicus, O. niloticus♂ × O.mossambicus♀=F1♂ × O.mossambicus ♀ (Hybrid 1; H1) and O. mossambicus♂ × O. niloticus♀ (Hybrid 2; H2). In the 1st experiment, fish were exposed to cold water (12 °C) for 24 h and then hematological parameters, serum biochemical variables, innate immune responses, antioxidant status, and liver gene expression responses (hsp70, hsp27, hsp90, hsp40, cat, sod, eef1a1 and calreticulin) were analyzed. Hematological and serum biochemical responses involved species-specific differences. At optimal temperatures (28 °C), respiratory burts activity (RBA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) values of H1, H2 and O. mossambicus were significantly higher than O. niloticus (p< 0.05). While the RBAvalue of O. mossambicus decreased after exposure to cold water (p< 0.05), lysozyme activities of O. niloticus and H2 and MPO activities of all experimental fish increased significantly (p< 0.05). At control conditions (28 °C), cortisol levels were found to be higher in O. mossambicus than in H1 and O. niloticus (p< 0.05). A significant increase in cat and sod transcripts was observed in liver of fish being very pronounced in O. mossambicus and H2. The highest up-regulation was observed for hsp70 target where the lowest but significant up-regulation was observed for hsp90 gene. In 2nd experiment, water temperature was gradually decrease from 28 °C to 12 °C (average, 1 °C/1 h).Survival rates of H1 and H2 were found to be different compared to O. mossambicus and O. niloticus (p< 0.05) after 20 days of cold water challenge.O. mossambicus was the most cold-sensitive group, followed by the H2, H1 and O. niloticus. Our data should be carfully considered in view of the possible physiological and anti-stressor responses being species-specific in fish.
Biochemical compounds of algae: sustainable energy sources for biofuel production
(Elsevier, 2022) Ak, İlknur; Koru, Edis; Türker, Gülen; Çankırılıgil, Ekrem Cem; Dereli, Macide Güneş
Algae are rich in proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, minerals, and vitamins. They are currently used intensively as food, food additives, pharmaceuticals, feeds, fertilizers, and cosmetics on a commercial scale. Algal polysaccharides are exclusive products due to their functional properties as dietary fibers and gelling agents. Nowadays, algae are attracting attention as a new and promising third-generation biofuel feedstock. They may be used to produce several kinds of biofuel, including biodiesel, bio-oil, biogas, bioethanol, bio-coal, and biohydrogen. However, biofuel production depends on the chemical composition of algae, which is affected by many factors. Besides being collected from nature, they are also cultured to enrich biochemical composition via aquaculture techniques. This chapter evaluates the biochemical compounds of micro- and macroalgae and the influence of cultivation conditions on those compounds and biofuel production.
The General Profile of Aquarium Sector in Istanbul (Turkey)
(Medwell Online, 2010) Çelik, İhsan; Yılmaz, Sevdan; Çelik, Pınar; Saygı, Hülya; Önal, Umur; Başhan, Tolga
A survey study was conducted in order to put forth the general status of aquarium sector in Istanbul (Turkey). Within the scope of this study, it is found out that 550-600 aquarium makers, 200 of which are registered to a non-governmental organization operate in Istanbul. A great amount as 50.8% of aquarium businesses in Istanbul is sole proprietorships. They work with a strategy of providing the living things (fish, plant, etc.) and materials (heater, filter, pump etc.) which they trade from domestic and foreign sources and transporting them to the customer. The members of Cyprinidae which is among the fish groups that aquarium makers in Istanbul sell at most, rank the first and Cichliade and living thing breeding groups follow them. It is observed that domestic retail sales are mostly done in winter season (90.9%). Additionally, data on issues such as educational status and work experiences of the employees in the sector, working capacities of the businesses, kinds of plant and animal types produced or imported.
Karagöz istavrit (Trachurus trachurus) balığının hematolojik parametrelerine su sıcaklığı, tuzluluk, mevsim, üreme, cinsiyet, balık büyüklüğü ve yaşın etkisi
(Kafkas Üniv. Veteriner Fak., 2012) Çelik, Ekrem Şanver; Kaya, Hasan; Yılmaz, Sevdan; Çakıcı, Hasan
In order to determine some hematological parameters of horse mackerel, Trachurus trachurus, sampling was conducted between April 2005 and March 2007 at the Dardanelles. Moreover, the effects of season, reproduction, sex, size, age, water temperature, and salinity on the horse mackerel hematologic parameters were investigated. The following annual averages were obtained for the hematological parameters: hematocrit ratio (Hct), females 38.0 +/- 0.32%, males 37.3 +/- 0.36%; hemoglobin level (Hb), females 12.8 +/- 0.13 g/100 mL, males 13.0 +/- 0.16 g/100 mL; erythrocyte (RBC) count, females 1050263.4 +/- 5857.20 mm(3), males 1046081.13 +/- 6319.89 mm(3); leukocyte (WBC) count, females 15797.4 +/- 259.11 mm(3), males 16545.0 +/- 354.54 mm(3); mean corpuscular volume (MCV), females 363.2 +/- 3.12 mu m(3), males 358.8 +/- 3.57 mu m(3); mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), females 123.0 +/- 1.16 pg, males 124.3 +/- 1.48 pg; mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), females 33.7 +/- 0.17 g/100 mL, males 34.8 +/- 0.22 g/100 mL. Hematological parameters differed significantly (P<0.05) between reproduction periods and between seasons. For both, male and female horse mackerel, the Hct, Hb, RBC, WBC, MCV, and MCH values increased significantly (P<0.05) with size and age. The WBC increased significantly (P<0.05) with increasing sea water temperature in both sexes. In this study, the reference values of hematological parameters were obtained and it was concluded that these parameters were affected by physiological (fish size, age, reproduction) and environmental (season, temperature) factors. Such factors as well as the reference values should be taken into consideration when hematologic studies for horse mackerel is to be conducted.
Identification of four autochthonous yeasts from the intestines of goldfish, Carassius auratus with potential probiotic properties and their effects on the most common fish bacterial pathogens
(Academic Press Ltd- Elsevier Science Ltd, 2023) Taha, Mohanad Dheyaa; Didinen, Behire Işıl; Onuk, Ertan Emek; Metin, Seçil; Yılmaz, Sevdan; Mohamed, Abdiasis Ahmed; Pakır, Sırrı
In aquaculture, probiotic yeasts have gained particular interest because of their numerous health benefits for farmed fish. Many autochthonous yeasts have been isolated and identified from fish species with potential probiotic characteristics. In the present study, four autochthonous yeast strains were identified and characterized from the intestinal tracts of 16 healthy goldfish, Carassius auratus. Their in vitro probiotic properties were examined in terms of cell surface hydrophobicity, co-aggregation, and tolerability to different pH values and bile salt concentrations. These strains were identified by culture characters and sequence analysis of ITS (Internal Transcribed Spacer) gene regions. Four strains, namely Cutaneotrichosporon jirovecii isolate jpn01, Debaryomyces nepalensis isolate jpn02, Blastobotrys proliferans isolate jpn05, and Diutina catenulata isolate jpn06, were identified and added to the NCBI GenBank with accession numbers defined as MT584874.1, MT584873.1, MT649918.1, and MT501155.1, respectively. Results demonstrated the capability of these strains to co-aggregate with several fish-associated bacterial pathogens such as Lactococcus garvieae, Vagococcus salmoninarum, Vibrio anguillarum, Yersinia ruckeri, and Aeromonas hydrophila. Only the jpn05 strain did not co-aggregate with A. hydrophila. All identified yeast isolates could grow and tolerate low pH conditions (pH 2.0) and bile salt concentrations (up to 1.5%). Of interest, the hydrophobicity (%) of the yeast isolates was 80%, 94.0%, 80.6%, and 66.4% for jpn01, jpn02, jpn05, and jpn06 isolates, respectively. In this context, our data provide important in vitro evidence for the potential probiotic features of the yeast isolates. These strains could be considered candidate probiotic yeasts; however, their application in aquaculture nutrition necessitates further in vivo assays.
Effects of dietary blackberry syrup supplement on growth performance, antioxidant, and immunological responses, and resistance of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus to Plesiomonas shigelloides
(Academic Press Ltd- Elsevier Science Ltd, 2019) Yılmaz, Sevdan
The present study investigated the effects of dietary blackberry syrup on growth performance, haematological, non-specific immune and spleen gene expression responses of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Five experimental groups of fish with mean weights of 26.75 +/- 2.67 g were used in the study; three of them were fed with blackberry syrup incorporated diets (7.5 g kg(-1)-BBRY7.5, 15 g kg(-1)-BBRY15, 30 g kg(-1)-BBRY30), whereas an additive free basal diet served as the control. Additionally, the fifth group was an antibiotic medicated diet (0.02 g kg(-1)-ABTC), prepared with the florfenicol. Dietary blackberry syrup especially at 15 g kg(-1) significantly increased growth performance, respiratory burst activity, potential killing activity, phagocytic activity, phagocytic index, lysozyme activity, myeloperoxidase activity, total immunoglobulin levels, serum SOD activity and serum CAT activity (p < 0.05). Furthermore, dietary blackberry syrup increased the expression levels of immune [heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), interleukin 1, beta (IL-1 beta), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha), interferon gamma (IFN-gamma), immunoglobulin M (IgM)] and antioxidant [glutathione peroxidase (GPx)] related genes in the spleen of fish fed with especially 15 g kg(-1) blackberry syrup (p < 0.05). At the end of the 20-day challenge period the survival rates were significantly higher in the BBRY15 and ABTC groups compared to all other treatment groups (p < 0.05). As a result, feeding Nile tilapia with a diet containing 15 g kg(-1) blackberry syrup over a period of 90 days might be adequate to improve growth performance, fish immune parameters, antioxidant status, as well as survival rate against P. shigelloides, similar to antibiotic treatment. Hence, blackberry syrup can be used as an antibiotics replacer for controlling P. shigelloides in tilapia feed.
A comparative evaluation of hematological and biochemical parameters between the Italian mullet Mugil cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) and the Turkish mullet Chelon auratus (Risso 1810)
(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2020) Fazio, Francesco; Saoca, Concetta; Acar, Ümit; Tezel, Rifat; Çelik, Murat; Yılmaz, Sevdan; Kesbiç, Osman Sabri; Yiğit, Murat
This study aimed to carry out a comparative evaluation of the hematological profile (erythrocyte count, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, and Wintrobe index parameters such as mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration), in addition to certain biochemical parameters (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, scrum total protein, albumin, glucose, total cholesterol, and triglycerides), in the Italian mullet Mugil cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) and the Turkish mullet Chelon auratus (Risso 1810). Accordingly, two groups of fish were used in this study: 30 flathead grey mullets, M. cephalus, caught in Lake Faro, Italy, and 30 golden grey mullets, C. auratus, caught in the estuarine channel system of Keycegiz-Dalyan, Turkey. Statistical evaluations (unpaired t-test) revealed that there were no significant differences in weight or total length values between the two mullet groups. However, the differences between all the evaluated blood parameters (except alanine aminotransferase) between the Italian and the Turkish mullet were significant (P < 0.0001). The present study demonstrated that there were significant hematological and biochemical differences between the Italian (M. cephalus) and the Turkish (C. auratus) mullet. Our findings also contribute to expanding the knowledge on the hematology and biochemistry of two different species of mullet originating from two different habitats. Since the evaluation of blood parameters represents an essential tool in examining the effects of environmental conditions on fish physiology and, consequently, on fish health status, further research in this field is encouraged and would be very useful.
The anti-vibrio potential of medicinal plants and their roles in enhancing resistance against vibrio infections in fish -a mini review
(Walter De Gruyter Gmbh, 2025) Shohreh, Poulin; Ahmadifar, Ehsan; Chandran, Deepak; Yousefi, Morteza; Yılmaz, Sevdan; Yılmaz, Ebru; Sheikhzadeh, Najmeh
Vibriosis is a commonly known bacterial disease that harms a range of finfish species, causing significant mortality and high economic loss. Chemotherapeutics, antibiotics, and synthetic chemicals are broadly evaluated as effective treatment approaches; however, global concerns have arisen with the aim of decreasing or limiting the use of these compounds for the prevention and/or control of bacterial diseases in aquaculture systems. Consequently, extensive research studies have been accomplished to assess natural products such as plant parts (s), extracts, essential oils (EOSs), phytochemicals, or aromatic compounds as potential substitutes for antibiotics. These additives are rich in phytochemicals (carotenoids, alkaloids, saponins, terpenoids, flavonoids, and phenolic acids), vitamins, minerals, and others, which make them excellent feed supplements. This paper focuses chiefly on reviewing medicinal plants (herbal extracts and EOS) that possess anti-Vibrio potential (in vitro efficacy) and evaluating their ability to increase the immunity and resistance of fish against experimental challenges with Vibrio species (in vivo experiments). Furthermore, the role of herbal additives as adjuvants to enhance the efficacy of fish vaccines against vibriosis was also summarized. In brief, this review illustrates an ample number of medicinal herbs with effective effects on fish vibriosis. Identifying safe alternatives to ensure antibiotic-free and disease-free environments could be an initial step toward enhancing the sustainability of aquaculture and farming activities.
The effectiveness of Arthrospira platensis and microalgae in relieving stressful conditions affecting finfish and shellfish species: An overview
(Elsevier, 2022) Abdel-Latif, Hany M. R.; El -Ashram, Saeed; Yılmaz, Sevdan; Naiel, Mohammed A. E.; Kari, Zulhisyam Abdul; Hamid, Noor Khalidah Abdul; Dawood, Mahmoud A. O.
Farmed fish and shrimp are continuously challenged by multiple stressors during their life stages, such as hypoxia, pH fluctuations, different salinities, high nitrite, un-ionized ammonia, injury during handling, inade-quate nutrition, or food shortage, which can eventually adversely impact their health, welfare, and growth rates. Besides, these stressors can weaken production and decrease their resistance to diseases. Scientists and re-searchers have been making concerted efforts to find new, safe, and inexpensive supplements to mitigate the negative influences of stressors and thereby enhance the productivity of farmed aquatic animals. Some micro-algae are microscopic unicellular organisms that were found to be promising feed supplements due to their richness in important nutrients such as minerals and vitamins. Moreover, some microalgae contain several bioactive phytochemicals that exhibit anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties. Several field-controlled studies provided evidence that using microalgae as feed supplements led to improved growth, physiological functions, immunity, antioxidant capacity, and disease resistance in farmed finfish and shellfish species. This review article emphasizes the beneficial role of the cyanobacterium Arthrospira platensis and seven microalgal species, including Chlorella vulgaris, Parietochloris incisa, Dunaliella salina, Aurantiochytrium sp., Haematococcus pluvialis, Tetraselmis sp., and Nannochloropsis oculata in mitigating stress effects in farmed finfish and shellfish species. The conclusions of this article throw light on the potential benefits of using mi-croorganisms in aquaculture.
The Use of Perovskia abrotanoides Extract in Ameliorating Heat Stress-Induced Oxidative Damage and Improving Growth Efficiency in Carp Juveniles (Cyprinus carpio)
(Wiley, 2024) Adineh, Hossein; Zahedi, Saeed; Yousefi, Morteza; Sedaghat, Zeynab; Yılmaz, Sevdan; Alamdari, Ebrahim Gholamalipour; Farhangi, Mohammad
Herbal extracts have been successfully used as feed additives in fish culture with attractive growth-promoting, immunostimulant, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties for several fish and shellfish species. Therefore, we have designed a feeding trial to assess the impacts of dietary incorporation of Perovskia abrotanoides extract (PAE) on common carp (Cyprinus carpio). For this purpose, five isonitrogenous (35% protein) and isocaloric (similar to 4,000 kcal/kg) diets have been supplied by supplementing PAE at the varying inclusion levels as 0.0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0% diets, and growth performance and feed utilization, digestive enzyme activities, serum biochemical variables, antioxidant responses, and immunological factors were studied. The experiment continued for 60 days. At the termination of the experiment, the mean final weight, weight gain percentage (WG%), feed conversion rate (FCR), and specific growth rate (SGR) have been improved significantly in all fish groups fed PAE-based diets with regard to those fed the reference diets. A second-order polynomial regression equations indicate that the optimum dietary supplementation level of PAE in fish diets was similar to 1%. Serum cortisol, glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, and malondialdehyde levels as well as catalase, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase activities were significantly decreased generally in all PAE-supplemented groups compared to the control groups before and/or after high-temperature stress (32 degrees C). Moreover, serum total protein, albumin, and total immunoglobulin levels as well as ACH50, lysozyme, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase activities were increased before and/or after high-temperature stress (32 degrees C). In conclusion, the results showed, for the first time, that dietary supplementation with similar to 1% PAE can improve growth performance, stimulated the digestive enzymes, and enchanced antioxidant status as well as immune parameters and prevented high-temperature stress of common carp.
Evaluation of Citrus limon peels essential oil on growth performance, immune response of Mozambique tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus challenged with Edwardsiella tarda
(Elsevier, 2016) Baba, Esin; Acar, Ümit; Ontaş, Canan; Kesbiç, Osman Sabri; Yılmaz, Sevdan
The present study was carried on to determine the effects of Citrus limon peel essential oil as feed supplement on non-specific immune system, disease resistance against Edwardsiella tarda and growth performance in Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus). Fish were randomly distributed at 25 fish per 50 L aquariums and fed with commercial diets supplemented with different ratios (0% for the control group and then 0.5%, 0.75% and 1%) of limon essential oil for 60 days. At the end of the feeding trial, immunological, biochemical and biometrical parameters were assessed. Also following 60 days of feeding, the fish were injected with E. tarda and mortalities were recorded. Results showed that C. limon peel essential oil supplementation diet enhanced the Nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) positive cell count and total white blood cell (WBC) in tilapia. At the same time a significant change was found in the lysozyme activity and myeloperoxidase activity in serum. Serum glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides decreased while total protein increased in the groups fed with C. limon essential oil supplemented diets. All C. limon peel essential oil supplemented groups showed reduced mortalities following E. tarda infection compared with the control group. The results indicated that C. limon peel essential oil supplementation could improve non-specific immune parameters and growth performance and decrease mortality rate of cultured tilapia. Statement of relevance: This study determined the effects of an Citrus limon peel essential oil on immune system and resistance to disease in tilapia. The using of essential oil in fish diet prevented tilapia partially from edwardsiellosis disease and increase survival rate also enhance the immune response in fish. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Effects of subchronic exposure to zinc nanoparticles on tissue accumulation, serum biochemistry, and histopathological changes in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
(Wiley, 2017) Kaya, Hasan; Duysak, Müge; Akbulut, Mehmet; Yılmaz, Sevdan; Gürkan, Mert; Arslan, Zikri; Demir, Veysel
Zinc nanoparticles (ZnNPs) are among the least investigated NPs and thus their toxicological effects are not known. In this study, tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were exposed to 1 and 10 mg/L suspensions of small size (SS, 40-60 nm) and large size (LS, 80-100 nm) ZnNPs for 14 days under semi-static conditions. Total Zn levels in the intestine, liver, kidney, gill, muscle tissue, and brain were measured. Blood serum glucose (GLU), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were examined to elucidate the physiological disturbances induced by ZnNPs. Organ pathologies were examined for the gills, liver, and kidney to identify injuries associated with exposure. Significant accumulation was observed in the order of intestine, liver, kidney, and gills. Zn levels exhibited time- and concentration-dependent increase in the organs. Accumulation in kidney was also dependent on particle size; NPs SS-ZnNPs were trapped more effectively than LS-ZnNPs. No significant accumulation occurred in the brain (p>0.05) while Zn levels in muscle tissue increased only marginally (p0.05). Significant disturbances were noted in serum GOT and LDH (p<0.05). The GPT levels fluctuated and were not statistically different from those of controls (p>0.05). Histopathological tubular deformations and mononuclear cell infiltrations were observed in kidney sections. In addition, an increase in melano-macrophage aggregation intensity was identified on the 7th day in treatments exposed to LS-ZnNPs. Mononuclear cell infiltrations were identified in liver sections for all treatments. Both ZnNPs caused basal hyperplasia in gill sections. Fusions appeared in the gills after the 7th day in fish treated with 10 mg/L suspensions of SS-ZnNPs. In addition, separations in the secondary lamella epithelia were observed. The results indicated that exposure to ZnNPs could lead to disturbances in blood biochemistry and cause histopathological injuries in the tissues of O. niloticus. (c) 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 1213-1225, 2017.
Keçiboynuzu (Ceratonia siliqua) Şurubunun Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) Balıklarında Büyüme Performansı, Hematolojik, Serum Biyokimyası ve Bağışıklık Parametrelerine Etkisi
(Turkish Science and Technology Publishing (TURSTEP), 2018) Yılmaz, Sevdan; Ergün, Sebahattin; Çelik, Ekrem Şanver
Bu çalışmada, tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus yemlerine keçiboynuzu (Ceratoniasiliqua) şurubu takviyesinin balıkların büyüme performansı, hematolojik, serumbiyokimyasal ve immünolojik parametreleri üzerine etkileri araştırılmıştır. Balıkyemlerine keçiboynuzu şurubu %0, %5, %2,5, %1,25 ve %0,625 oranlarında ilaveedilerek beş farklı izonitrojenik ve izokalorik yem yapılmıştır. Balıklar 60 gün boyuncadeney yemleriyle beslenmişlerdir. Deneme yemleri balıkların ağırlık artışına, yemdönüşüm oranına, spesifik büyüme oranına, kırmızı kan hücresi sayısına, hematokritoranına (%), serum total protein, albümin ve globulin düzeylerine belirgin bir etkigöstermemiştir. Bununla birlikte, yemlere özellikle %1,25’lik keçiboynuzu şurubuilavesinin serum glikoz, trigliserit ve kolesterol seviyelerini önemli ölçüde düşürdüğübelirlenmiştir. Özellikle %1,25 keçiboynuzu şurubu ilavesi balıkların fagositikaktivitesini, fagositik indeksini, respiratöri bürst aktivitesini ve potansiyel öldürmeaktivitesini önemli ölçüde arttırmıştır. Sonuç olarak, bu çalışma tilapia balıklarını 60günlük süreyle %1,25 oranında keçiboynuzu şurubu içeren yemlerle beslemenin, büyümeperformansı ve hematolojik parametrelerini olumsuz yönde etkilemeksizin, balıklarınbağışıklık parametrelerini ve serum biyokimyasal değişkenlerini geliştirmede yeterliolabileceğini göstermiştir.

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