Toprak Bilimi ve Bitki Besleme Bölümü Koleksiyonu

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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12428/2755

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Soil-driven terroir: Impacts on Vitis vinifera L. 'Karasakiz' wine quality and phenolic composition
(Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, 2025) Çelebi Uzkuç, Nesrin Merve; Uzkuç, Hasan; Kavdır, Yasemin; Hamzaoğlu, Fatmagül; Kırca Toklucu, Ayşegül
'Karasakiz' (Vitis vinifera L.), is a local red grape variety native to Çanakkale, a province of Türkiye. This work aimed to characterize the phenolic profile of Karasakiz red wines and mainly investigate the effects of soil characteristics on the phenolic composition, antioxidant capacity, and color properties of the red wines produced. The study was conducted on three vineyards located in three different regions of Çanakkale, each with distinct chemical properties and textural characteristics, over two consecutive vintages (2019 and 2020). The phenolic profiles and color properties of red wines varied depending on the year and region, and were strongly influenced by soil texture. A strong correlation (r = 0.897 and P < 0.0001) was found between the percentage of sand in the soil and the total monomeric anthocyanin content of the wines. Total monomeric anthocyanin contents of Karasakiz wines ranged from 15.76 mg/L to 68.87 mg/L, while total phenolics ranged from 1238 mg/L to 1950 mg/L, with variations observed depending on the region and year. Additionally, a high positive correlation was observed between potassium concentration and the concentrations of ferulic acid and catechin in the wines. This study reveals the characteristic properties and phenolic composition of Karasakiz wines from different sub-regions, highlighting significant correlations in terms of the soil-wine relationship.
The effect of olive pomace biochar on some characteristics of Vertisols
(John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2025) İlay, Remzi; Bodur, Seda Özer; Eren, S. Tuğçe; Kavdır, Yasemin; Ekinci, Hüseyin
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of olive pomace biochar (OB) application on the mechanical, physical and chemical properties of Vertisols. For this study, soil samples classified as Vertisol in Çanakkale, where internal drainage and surface ponding are major problems, were used. The OB was produced at 450°C and then mixed with 0% (control), 3%, 6% and 9% of the soil by weight. Various soil parameters, including the Atterberg limits (liquid limit [LL], plastic limit [PL], plasticity index [PI], shrinkage limit [SL]), saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat), field capacity (FC), total carbon (TC) and total nitrogen (TN), were determined. The values of all the soil parameters increased, except for the PI. Moreover, the Ksat value increased by 127% and 136% with 6% and 9% OB application, respectively, compared to that of the control. Additionally, the FC, TN and TC levels in the soils increased in response to biochar application. In conclusion, OB application has a positive effect on the specific properties of Vertisol and can improve its physical properties. © 2024 The Author(s). Irrigation and Drainage published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Commission for Irrigation and Drainage.
Multidimensional assessment of agricultural drought vulnerability based on socioeconomic and biophysical indicators
(Elsevier, 2023) Serkendiz, Hıdır; Tatlı, Hasan; Özcan, Hasan; Çetin, Mahmut; Sungur, Ali
Agricultural drought threatens Turkiye's food security and economy, revealing a lack of multidimensional provincial vulnerability studies. Therefore, the primary objective of this study is to evaluate Turkiye's vulnerability to drought utilizing a multidimensional strategy incorporating biophysical and socio-economic indicators. In this context, an initial step involved the development of a conceptual framework for drought vulnerability, drawing upon the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change recommended elements of exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity. Subsequently, this conceptual framework was applied at the provincial level, encompassing parameters such as temperature, precipitation, soil characteristics, water resources, agricultural earnings, demographic traits, educational levels, innovation, insurance coverage, and road density. The Aridity Index was used as an indicator for drought exposure, representing the physical dimension of drought. Under the sensitivity component, a total of 14 variables were defined under the indicators of soil, water and land resources, economy, and population, while under the adaptive capacity component, a total of five variables were identified. The weights of these indicators and variables were determined based on expert opinions using the Analytic Hierarchy Process method. As a result, five different indices were obtained by combining the indicators: Exposure Index, Sensitivity Index, Adaptation Capacity Index, Potential Drought Impact Index, and Agricultural Drought Vulnerability Index. In addition, spatial distribution models of these indices were also generated. Research results showed that the climatic regions most exposed to drought are also the most vulnerable. The Central, Southeastern, and Eastern Anatolian regions constitute the regions where the most vulnerable provinces are concentrated spatially.
Biochar production from various low-cost marine wastes using different production methods: Characterization of biochar and marine feedstock for agricultural purposes
(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2024) İlay, Remzi
Studies on the conversion of organic materials into biochar have been preferred due to the effectiveness of biochar. Aquatic ecosystems harbor a significant amount of organic biomass, much of which is transferred to terrestrial systems, but often remains as waste. In this study, Posidonia oceanica (PO), Halidrys siliquosa (HS), Ulva lactuca (UL), and Codium fragile (CF), commonly found as marine waste along coastlines globally, were used as feedstocks for biochar production under four different pyrolysis conditions. Several analyses were conducted to characterize both marine waste and biochar forms in order to evaluate their potential for agricultural applications. The results showed that marine wastes and biochars contain almost all the necessary nutrients required for plant nutrition in varying proportions. The CF feedstock has a higher nitrogen (N) content than other feedstocks, while the UL contains greater phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and magnesium (Mg). Additionally, the PO exhibits high calcium (Ca), boron (B), and manganese (Mn) contents. Carbon (C) content also varied significantly depending on the biochar production technique. Temperature had a greater influence than holding time on the disparities in the elemental composition of biochars. The pH values of all types of biochar increased with rising temperature. However, the electrical conductivity (EC) values of HS and PO biochars decreased with increasing temperature. The highest mean BET surface area was observed in PO biochars. However, UL biochar has the most significant proportional increase compared to the UL feedstock by 218 times. All characteristics determined for all materials (feedstock, biochar) were within acceptable limits for application to soil. In conclusion, both marine waste and biochar forms may be confidently used for agricultural purposes, particularly in soil applications, when considering the characterization parameters within the scope of this research. Additionally, supporting and developing these results with more comprehensive analysis and research would be more suitable to reveal the potential of these marine wastes for agricultural systems.
Assessing the performance of wind erosion prediction models of RWEQ and SWEEP by direct measurements in an arid region
(Elsevier, 2024) Kaplan, Sema; Başaran, Mustafa; Erpul, Günay
Wind erosion field studies allow researchers to conduct simulations under natural conditions, thus play a significant role in investigating wind erosion processes. Direct measurements are also used to validate and improve existing erosion models. There is a need to develop sustainable land-use practices and management strategies and to assess potential current and future trends of wind erosion risk in arid and semi-arid regions. This study assessed wind erosion-induced soil losses in 11 different wind cases encountered within the wheat-fallow production system in a semi-arid region of T & uuml;rkiye between 2017 and 2020 to eliminate the wind erosion threats on soil resources. Direct measurements and two estimation models (RWEQ and SWEEP) were employed to assess soil loss. Grid sampling method and BEST (R) sediment traps were utilized to measure wind-blown soil in the field directly. Present findings revealed that wind erosion threatened both plots in different seasons. The wheatcultivated plot was highly susceptible to wind erosion in autumn when winter cereals are sown, while the fallow plot showed susceptibility in spring. Throughout the entire measurement period (3-years), wind erosioninduced soil transportation was measured as 1383 kg ha-1 for fallow plots and 2548 kg ha-1 for wheat-cultivated plots. Model performance was assessed through correlations (r), root mean square error (RMSE) and d-test results. The results demonstrated that the calibrated RWEQ (RWEQcal) model provided reasonably accurate estimates of wind erosion for both fallow and wheat-cultivated lands, with relatively low RMSE values of 0.34 and 0.46, d-test values of 0.26 and 0.27, and correlation coefficients of 0.69 and 0.85, respectively. Model results highlighted the importance of model calibration for local conditions; otherwise, they may produce underestimated and overestimated results.
Assess to Alleviating Effect of Salicylate On Boron Stress in Nigella damascena by Utilizing Biplot Analysis
(Springer, 2024) Çıkılı, Yakup
The purpose of this research was to investigate whether sodium salicylate (NaSA) treatment could ameliorate the stress caused by B toxicity in Nigella damascena. In the study, the effects of untreated control, 1 mM NaSA (NaSA), 4 ppm B (B4), 8 ppm B (B8), B4 + NaSA, and B8 + NaSA on grain yield, oil content, and fatty acid composition of N. damascena were examined. The B4 and B8 applications reduced nearly all of the studied characteristics in N. damascena. Plant seed yield decreased by 45% and 55%, In B4- and B8-applications, respectively. Compared to the B4 and B8 applications, the B4 + NaSA and B8 + NaSA applications increased grain yield by 16% and 17%, respectively. NaSA application yielded the highest both beta-elemene and alpha-selinene ratios. Application-Trait-biplot (AT-biplot) explained 76.1% of total variation. Based on the positive relationship between B and NaSA applications, the properties in this investigation, which mostly included fatty acids, were divided into five groups: (I) palmitic acid, total-saturated-fatty-acid (TSFA), eicosadienoic acid, linolenic acid, and total-unsaturated-fatty-acid (TUFA), (II) monounsaturated-fatty-acid (MUFA), myristic, stearic, and oleic acids, (III) cis-oleic acid, oil content and thousand-kernel-weight (TKW), (IV) plant grain yield, beta-elemene, alpha-selinene, and TUFA/TSFA ratio and linoleic acid, (V) polyunsaturated-fatty-acid (PUFA). As seen in the biplot analysis, compared to the B4 application, the B4 + NaSA application brought the majority of examined features closer to values of control application. As a consequence, it was discovered that the B-toxicity in N. damascena species may be alleviated by NaSA application, and the data collected under various stress circumstances can be examined visually using a biplot.
Nematicidal effects of olive pomace and green walnut husk on root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita on tomato
(Allelopathy Journal, 2019) Kavdır, Yasemin; Gözel, Uğur; Şahiner, Nurettin
We studied the nematicidal effects of olive pomace (OP) and green walnut husk (GWH) on root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) in tomato. We determined under in-vitro conditions, the efficacy of OP and GWH extracts (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) against the second stage juvenile of M. incognita. Then, GWH and OP were mixed with sandy loam soil at rates of 0 %, 0.5 %, 1 %, 1.5 % and 2 % w/w under controlled atmosphere conditions. Tomato seedlings (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv Troy) were transplanted in pots and inoculated by second stage juveniles of M. incognita. Gall index (GI), egg mass index, root and shoot development of tomato plants were determined 60 days after inoculation. GWH (2 %) application reduced the GI of tomato seedlings by 85 % while OP (2 %) reduced it by 53 % than unamended control. Mortality rates of J2 were significantly affected by type of material, concentrations and the exposure time. GWH had higher juglone (5-hydroxy-1,4- naphthoquinone) concentration which suppressed the root knot nematodes as compared to OP. Higher rates of GWH and OP added into the soil resulted into healthy and much longer root systems. Plant fresh and dry weight increased in all treatments than control. Use of GWH and OP suppressed the root-knot nematodes without causing phytotoxicity to tomato plants.
Determination of boron in the waters of Troia by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES)
(Serbian Chemical Soc, 2005) Özcan, Hasan; Yılmaz, Selehattin
The inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry method (ICP-EAS) is proposed for the determination of boron in Troia water sources. In this study, boron samples were taken from 25 different locations during November 2002 and May 2003. ne 249.773 nm boron emmision line was not affected by the sample matrix. The boron content was determined without further pretreatment of samples proposed ICP-AES method. An analysis of a given sample was completed in about 15 min. The determined boron concentrations in surface and ground water sources were between 0.00444-1.11200 mg l(-1). In order to compare the. results obtained by the proposed method, selected water samples were also analysed titrimetically. Pearson correlation coefficient analysis showed that there is a close relationship between the ICP-AES and the titrimetric method and the determination coefficient (R-2) was calculated to be 91.34 %.
Response of Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) to Excess Boron and Salinity: Physiological Approach
(Pleiades Publishing Inc, 2019) Samet, H.; Çıkılı, Yakup
In this study, individual and combined effects of boron and sodium chloride salinity on growth, photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll and carotenoids content), enzymatic activities (catalase and ascorbate peroxidase), hydrogen peroxide content, malondialdehyde content, proline accumulation, and some ion contents, such as B-, Na+, Cl-, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ of purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) were investigated. Five Blevels (0, 4, 8, 16, 24, 40 mg/kg) and 100 mM NaCl were applied to the soil and mixed before sowing. Results showed that purslane growth was reduced significantly by higher B levels and salinity due to ion toxicity and osmotic stress. Also, content of photosynthetic pigments increased with both higher B levels and salinity, but they were decreased with combined effects of them. Tissue B-, Na+, Cl-, K+ and Ca2+ levels in shoot increased with applied NaCl, but B levels applied together with NaCl caused a decrease in B- content due to antagonistic effects between B- and Cl- ions. The MDA content, proline accumulation, and H2O2 content increased with higher B levels, but salinity caused a decrease in MDA content. The catalase and ascorbate peroxidase activities increased with B and salinity combination, but did not change with salinity. Increasing B reduced the catalase activity. It is suggested that purslane has the potential to manage the amount of soluble boron and also it has a promising potential that can be grown in B-rich and saline soils.
Akıllı Mikrojellerle Kaplanmış Ham Pirina ve Yeşil Ceviz Kabuğunun ve Bunların Kompostlarının Kök-ur Nematodu Mücadelesinde Kullanılma Potansiyellerinin Araştırılması
(2018) Kavdır, Yasemin; Şahiner, Nurettin; Gözel, Uğur
Birçok ülkede olduğu gibi Türkiye'de de domates kök-ur nematoduna karşı çok yoğun olarak nematisit kullanılmaktadır. Bu nematisitlerin ve fumigantların doğru kullanılmadığında insan ve çevre sağlığına çok zararlı oldukları bilinmektedir. Bu nedenle alternatif mücadele yöntemleri büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada pirina ve yeşil ceviz kabuğu (YCK) direk olarak, ekstrakte edilerek, kompost yapılarak ve ceviz içindeki juglon maddesi ve ekstrakları polimerle kaplanarak toprağa uygulanmış ve kök-ur nematodları (Meloidogyne spp.) populasyonunda oluşan farklılıklar ile domates gelişimi üzerine etkileri belirlenmiştir. Laboratuar, kontrollü atmosfer, açık hava saksı denemesi, tarla denemesi ve yüksek tünel denemesi olarak uygulamalar denenmiştir. Saksılarda, kök-ur oranı ve yumurta paketi oluşumu üzerine en etkili pirina ve YCK dozu %2 olmuştur. YCK ve pirina kompostu denemesinde kompost uygulanan bitkilerde kök ve boy gelişimi daha fazla olmuştur. Bitki köklerindeki urlanma da kontrole oranla daha az olmuştur. YCK kompostunun % 6 dozunda uygulanması topraktaki kök-ur nematodu sayısını % 88.4 oranında azaltmıştır. Saksı denemesinde YCK ekstraktı uygulanan topraklarda infektif larvaların azalma oranları %8.9 ile %38.1 arasındadır iken pirina ekstraktı uygulanan saksılarda bu oran %26.8-46.1 arasında değişmiştir. Çalışmada, ayrıca pirina, juglon ve YCK ekstraklarının uygulamasında taşıyıcı sistem olarak kullanılmak üzere CMC kullanılmıştır. 0.2Pirjel, 0.1Cjel ve 33Jugçöz uygulamaları domates bitkisine zarar vermeden %0 uygulamasına göre topraktaki nematod sayısını ve kök-ur oranını düşürmüştür. En etkin ve bitki gelişimine en zararsız uygulama 0.2Pirjel olmuştur. Tarla denemesinde %1 pirina ve YCK, %2 pirina ve YCK kompostu denenmiştir. YCK kompostu uygulamasında nematod sayısı en düşük bulunmuş ve ortalama 43.42 adet /100 g?dır. Kontrol parsellerinde M. incognita; sayısı %161 artarken, YCK uygulamasında %120, pirina uygulamasında %122, pirina kompostu uygulamasında %129 ve YCK kompostu uygulamasında ise %155 azalma meydana gelmiştir. Yüksek tünel denemesinde en yüksek domates verimi 5349 kg da-1 ile pirina kompostu uygulamasında bulunmuş ve bunu pirina uygulaması (4815 kg da-1) izlemiştir. Her iki denemede de maksimum M. incognita populasyonu kontrol parsellerinde bulunmuştur.
Geochemical fractions of trace metals in surface and core sections of aggregates in agricultural soils
(Elsevier B.V., 2021) Sungur, Ali; Kavdir, Yasemin; Özcan, Hasan; İlay, Remzi; Soylak, Mustafa
Agrochemicals containing trace metals such as pesticides and fertilizer are intensively used in apple production systems in many countries. There is a risk of accumulation of trace metals, particularly in the sensitive root rhizosphere area. In this study, the trace metal concentrations of soils were determined in macroaggregates at the “mm scale” sampled from apple orchards. Soil samples were taken from five different locations at 0–20 cm soil depths in an apple orchard. Pseudo-total trace metal (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) concentrations of soil samples separated from the surface and core sections of the soil aggregate were determined by digestion with Aqua regia. The modified BCR sequential extraction method was used to determine four operationally defined geochemical trace metal fractions in soil samples. The pseudo-total concentrations of Cd and Cu were significantly higher, and Zn was lower at the surface than in the core sections (paired-t test, p < 0.05) of soil aggregates. The concentrations of all trace metals in the acid-soluble fraction and reducible fractions were significantly higher at the surface of soil aggregates than those in the core section. The same was true for the sum of trace metal concentrations in the extracts of the three fractions considered potentially mobilizable, except for Cr. Our results demonstrated that Cd and Cu originated probably from agrochemicals accumulating significantly on aggregate surfaces, where they were in close contact with plant roots. The generally higher extractability of all trace metals on the surface of aggregates can be attributed to the preferential accumulation of newly-added trace metals in comparatively weakly bound chemical forms.
Screening of oat varieties and landraces at early vegetative stage under salt stress conditions: Morpho-physiological and PCA biplot analysis
(Springer, 2021) Güngör, Hüseyin; Çıkılı, Yakup; Dumlupınar, Ziya
Salinity limits the oat germination and seedling growth at early growth stages. This study was aimed to determine the morpho-physiological response of 33 (10 commercial and 23 landraces) oat genotypes to four NaCl salinity stresses (0, 30, 60 and 90 mM) under in vitro conditions during seed germination and early seedling stages. The effect of NaCl stress on water uptake, germination ratio, root length, shoot length, root fresh weight, root dry weight, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, ion contents (Na+, K+, Ca and K+/Na+) for both root and shoot and photosynthetic pigments (Chl a, Chl b, Chl a + b and carotenoid) in 33 oat genotypes was investigated in the experiment. The investigated traits were decreased by salt stress from control (0 mM) to 90 mM doses including 18% for water uptake, 54.9% for germination rate, 87.5% for root length, 87% for shoot length, 74.5% for root fresh weight, 38.5% for root dry weight, 79.1% for shoot fresh weight, 62.4% for shoot dry weight, 84.5% for root K+/Na+, 97% for shoot K+/Na+, 62.2% for chl a, 51.6% for chl b and 61.7% for carotenoid. It was found that the oat genotypes showed a wide variation in the cluster analysis based on morpho-physiological traits. According to the principal component biplot analysis, principal components (PC1 and PC2) represented (33.9 and 16.4%, respectively) 50.3% of the total variation among the genotypes under salt stress. TL582 landrace showed greater performance for the investigated traits among oat genotypes for the highest salt tolerance. The investigated traits are important growth indices and physiological parameters to be used as selection criteria to evaluate salt tolerance in oat genotypes. The results of the study determined the registered and local genotypes that can be used as parent lines in breeding programs.
Determination of agricultural land suitability with a multiple-criteria decision-making method in Northwestern Turkey
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021) Everest, Timuçin; Sungur, Ali; Özcan, Hasan
This study was carried out in the district of Lapseki in Çanakkale, Turkey. The suitability of land in Lapseki for agriculture was evaluated by using an analytic hierarchy process. In the study, the basic parameters were determined by using the soil map and the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission data. Land use capability classes, soil depth, erosion risk and other soil properties (limiting factors) were obtained from the soil map, while slope, elevation and aspect were obtained from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission data. To determine the weight of the parameters in the analytic hierarchy process, the opinions of the public institutions and experts were obtained. The obtained data were analyzed with the analytic hierarchy process and mapped with geographic information systems techniques, and a land suitability map was generated. The agricultural land suitability map demonstrated that 2.95% (2557 ha) of the lands in the study area were highly suitable; 10.37% (8989 ha) were moderately suitable; 53.47% (46,336 ha) were marginally suitable; and 33.21% (28,775 ha) were not suitable for agricultural use. The data from the agricultural land suitability map were compared with the Coordination of Information on the Environment 2012 data. As a result of comparison, 14.12% (361 ha) of highly suitable lands for agriculture and 2.25% (202 ha) of moderate suitable lands for agriculture are urbanized. It was seen that 45.71% (24,837 ha) of the lands that are marginally suitable for agriculture and 18.76% (5397 ha) of the not suitable lands had current land use for agriculture.
Determining the effectiveness of some soil stabilizers in wind erosion prevention using wind tunnel experiments
(John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2021) Erci, Vildan; Şeker, Cevdet; Başaran, Mustafa; Erpul, Günay
Laboratory wind tunnel simulations were carried out to determine the effectiveness of some soil stabilizers in reducing soil loss by wind erosion under turbulent flow conditions driven by the reference wind velocities of 9 and 11 m s−1. Particle fractions of 0.5–1 mm of two different soil types: silty clay loam (SiCL) and sandy loam (SL) were used in the experiments as erodible test surfaces after stabilizer treatments. Molasses (M), cement (Cm), a mixture of cement and molasses (Cm + M), and hydrogel (H) were applied at four different application doses, and later those materials were subjected to incubation at room temperature for 24 hr before the trays were placed in the tunnel for wind tests. During simulations under turbulent air-flow conditions, soil losses [(qs), g m−2 min−1] were gauged for 10-min duration immediately following the first lift-off movement of the particles. Experimental results on qs were compared to those of two controls [untreated control (C) and water-treated control (Cw)], which indicated that the H applications were highly effective at the doses ≥ 13.33 g m−2 for every soil type and wind velocity combination. In addition, at the application doses ≥ 13.33 g m−2, Cm and Cm + M treatments were as effective as H statistically in reducing qs at 9 m s−1 by successfully forming resistant crust layers against stronger turbulent swirls on the research test surfaces. From the point of being more easily accessible and more cost-effective, using less expensive Cm and Cm + M treatments could be a good alternative to utilizing hydrogel in reducing wind erosion in wide field applications.
Soil profile development of the Korudağı toposequence, northwest Turkey
(Institute for Ionics, 2024) Özcan, Hasan; Özger, İ.; Everest, Timuçin; Sungur, Ali
The main objective of this study was to determine the relation between soil profile development and landscape. For this purpose, a field survey was carried out on the same topography and climate to determine the soil profile development degree on different parent materials in the Korudağ Catena (Çanakkale, northwest Turkey). Seven soil profiles were excavated (each 50 m elevation between 350 and 50 m) and described based on soil taxonomy. Profile development index values of soils were calculated to compare and quantify soil horizon properties with their parent materials. The data were collected through field study and physicochemical analyses. Nine characteristics including rubification, color paling, color lightening, melanization, carbonate morphology, moist consistence, dry consistence, pH, texture and structure, were evaluated to calculate the profile development index. This index was calculated as P7 > P1 > P2 > P3 > P5 > P6 > P4, respectively. The P7 profile on the footslope position has the highest profile development due to higher moisture content and the chemical weathering process. The lowest profile development was observed in P4. This profile's topographic position (shoulder) and vegetative density are the major reason. The effect of steepness, curvature, and vegetation on controlling profile development was obvious at the P4 on the shoulder position. In the Korudağ Catena, vegetative density, slope and slope length, elevation difference, and moisture content control the pedogenic process and profile development. This study also showed the profile development changing in a catena with the same aspect, where morphological changes occur on similar parent materials at similar ages but at short distances due to erosion storage processes.
Suitable site selection by using full consistency method (FUCOM): a case study for maize cultivation in northwest Turkey
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2024) Everest, Timuçin; Savaşkan, Gönül Selin; Or, Aykut; Özcan, Hasan
The agricultural land evaluation procedure is a valuable guide for growing plants where they are best suitable, and it has a critical role in actualizing sustainable plans for providing food security for the growing population. In agricultural land suitability analysis, different multi-criteria decision-making methods are applied. The main objective of this study is to introduce the potential usage of a new multi-criteria decision-making method the Full Consistency Method (FUCOM) in agricultural land suitability analysis. The study was carried out in the northern part of the Karamenderes plain in NW Turkey. Nine land characteristics (soil texture, soil depth, organic matter content, electrical conductivity, pH, slope, drainage, CaCO3%, and cation exchange capacity) were used for the land evaluation study. The weighting values of the land characteristics were calculated by the FUCOM. According to the results, 223 ha (6.26%) were highly suitable, 2650 ha (74.40%) were moderately suitable, 508 ha (14.26%) were marginally suitable, and 181 ha (5.08%) were not suitable for maize cultivation. The weighted values of the parameters were also tested with Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the Best-Worst Method (BWM). There is a general compatibility between the methodologies. The data obtained from these methods showed that analysis consists of a very positive relationship with each other. The comparisons of these methodologies showed that FUCOM’s prioritization order simplicity in parameter weighting and ability to reduce the processing intensity would provide a significant contribution and advantage to the land evaluation experts and planners. It is recommended that the Full Consistent Method could be reliably used in agricultural land suitability analysis.
Analysis of drought intensity, frequency and trends using the spei in Turkey
(Springer, 2023) Serkendiz, Hıdır; Tatlı, Hasan; Kılıç, Ayşegül; Çetin, Mahmut; Sungur, Ali
This study addresses into the critical issue of drought as a natural disaster, especially in regions characterized by arid and semi-arid climates like Turkey. The primary aim of this study is to investigate the historical occurrences of meteorological drought events in Turkey, focusing on their past frequency, intensity, and spatial distribution. The study employs the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) method and utilizes 50 years of monthly temperature and precipitation data collected from 222 meteorological stations across the country. Drought severity is assessed using the run theory method, and trends in drought patterns are analyzed through the Mann–Kendall trend test. Additionally, the text explores the connection between elevation and the geographical distribution of drought events. The study’s findings reveal a noticeable increase in the occurrence of drought periods over time. Among the selected periods, the most widespread drought event was observed in the year 2001. The Bozcaada meteorology station exhibited the highest frequency of drought with a value of 223, while the Ispir meteorology station recorded the lowest frequency with a value of 151. Over the course of the 50-year analysis, no significant correlation was found between drought and elevation, although a gradual increase was noted in the last 10 years. The results also indicate a gradual north-to-south increase in drought intensity in Turkey. The study identifies four distinct drought hotspots in the country: the Western Anatolia Region, Central and Southern Anatolia Region, Southeastern Anatolia Region, and Eastern Anatolia Region.
Assessment of Growth, Metallic Ion Accumulation, and Translocation of Lavandin (Lavandula x intermedia) Plant in Cadmium Stress
(Ankara University, 2023) Çıkılı, Yakup; Samet, Halil
Excess cadmium (Cd), which is toxic to plants, severely limits crop production in agricultural areas. For this reason, this study investigated the effect of increased Cd levels on lavandin growth, some physiological parameters, and metallic ion accumulation and translocation. In greenhouse conditions, six different levels of Cd (0, 25, 50, 100, 150, and 200 µM Cd) were applied to plants grown in perlite medium together with a complete nutrient solution. Increasing Cd levels decreased biomass production in both the shoots and roots and the contents of chlorophyll (Chl) a, b, a+b, and carotenoid (Car). In addition, excessive Cd decreased the concentrations of some metallic cations such as iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and calcium (Ca) in the shoots and roots. Similarly, increasing Cd decreased the bio-concentration factor (BCF) of the metallic cations (BCF of Cd, Fe, Mn, and Zn in both the shoots and roots and the BCF of copper (Cu) in the roots. Toxic Cd levels decreased the translocation factor (TF) of Zn and Cu and the net accumulation (NA) via roots in Fe and Zn. The effect of Cd on the NA via roots in K, Ca, Mn, and Cu was not found to be significant. However, increasing Cd caused an increase in shoot and root membrane permeability and the TF of Fe and Mn. It was concluded that Cd2+ ion interacts divalent cations such as Ca2+, Fe2+, Zn2+, and Mn2+ ions and could affect the concentrations of these ions in the shoots and roots, and excess Cd has a negative effect on the growth and the photosynthetic capacity of lavandin.
Effects of soil texture on trace metal concentrations and geochemical fractions in the soil of apple orchards (canakkale, NW Turkey)
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2023) Sungur, Ali; Temel, Erdem; Everest, Timuçin; Soylak, Mustafa; Özcan, Hasan
The effects of soil texture on trace metal concentrations and geochemical fractions in an apple orchard soils were investigated. For this purpose, soil samples were taken from the apple orchards with two different soil textures located on the same geomorphological unit in Çanakkale, Turkey. A wet digestion was used to determine total trace metal concentrations, and a sequential extraction method was used to determine geochemical fractions of the metals. According to average total concentrations of all metals, except Pb, were found to be significantly higher (p < 0.05) in clay soils. Sequential extraction analysis showed that potential mobile fractions were ordered as Cd (68.8%) > Pb (52.4%) > Cu (42.0%) > Zn (34.8%) > Ni (32.3%) > Cr (22.9%) in clay soils and as Cd (61.6%) > Pb (51.6%) > Cu (40.2%) > Zn (30.7%) > Ni (30.8%) > Cr (24.9%) in loamy soils. The results revealed that all metals, except Pb, in exchangeable/acid soluble, oxidizable and, potential mobile fractions were found to be significantly higher in clay soils (p < 0.05). It was figured out that clay contents played an effective role in total concentrations of metals and their distribution in geochemical fractions.
Characterization of olive pomace biochar produced at different temperatures and their temporal effects on soil aggregation and carbon content
(Springer, 2023) Kavdır, Yasemin; İlay, Remzi; Güven, Orhun Berk; Sungur, Ali
The properties of biochar may vary depending on feedstock type and producing temperature. The aim of this research was to understand the short-term effects of different pyrolysis temperatures and application rates of olive pomace biochar (OPB) on soil carbon (C), aggregate stability (AS), and aggregate size distribution for sandy loam soil. OPB was produced at low (350 °C) and high (700 °C) temperatures and incorporated into the soil at different rates and incubated for 6 months under controlled temperature and moisture conditions. OPB350 had low pH, high carbon, and nitrogen (N) values compared to OPB700. As the temperature increased the concentration of zinc, iron, manganese, copper, sodium, potassium, and magnesium in biochar increased. The BET surface area of OPB350 was 1.076 m2 g−1, and OPB 700 was 107.7 m2 g−1. Application of OPB improved soil aggregate stability and carbon content while the proportion of > 4 mm-aggregates and aggregate mean weight diameter decreased. OPB addition to soil increased microaggregate percentages and decreased macroaggregate percentages. OPB produced at high temperatures significantly increased soil AS value compared to OPB350.

Güncel Gönderiler