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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12428/3891

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The Impact of Argan Oil and Polyhexanide on Healing Wounds with Tissue Loss Infected by Staphylococcus aureus in Mice
(Agricultural Research Communication Centre, 2025) Dağlıoğlu, Yusuf Kenan; Yakan, Selvinaz; Erdoğan, Kıvılcım Eren; Köksal, Fatih; Ekinci Akdemir, Fazile Nur; Gülçin, İlhami; Gül, Mustafa; Aldık, Ruhay
Background: One of the most important complications of the wound is tissue infection. One of the most common causes of tissue infections is microorganisms such as Staphylococcus. This research investigates the impact of argan oil and polyhexanide on the healing process in wounds with tissue loss infected with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Methods: The study involved 45 male mice, with 10 mm skin incisions made on their backs under general anaesthesia to create wounds. After 24 hours, an S. aureus (ATCC) suspension was applied to the scars. Wound cultures were collected from each mouse 48 hours later and this was repeated every 48 hours until cultures confirmed S. aureus infection. Treatment commenced once S. aureus growth was detected. The mice were randomly assigned to three groups: A control group (wound created, but no treatment applied), an argan group (1 mL of argan oil administered to the wound via syringe) and a polyhexanide group (1 mL of polyhexanide administered similarly). The wound diameters and clinical symptoms were monitored daily. On the 7th and 14th days, tissue samples were taken from the sacrificed mice for histopathological examination. Result: Based on clinical and histopathological observations, both argan oil and polyhexanide were found to be effective in treating S. aureus-infected wounds with tissue loss in mice. However, argan oil demonstrated a superior therapeutic potential compared to polyhexanide.
Protective Effects of Curcumin and Resveratrol on Kidney Tissue on Cadmiuminduced Oxidative Stress in Rats
(Gazi University, 2024) Çakına, Suat; İrkin, Latife Ceyda; Öztürk, Şamil
Objective: Cadmium (Cd) is a well-known widespread environmental pollutant and is not rapidly excreted by the kidneys; instead, it accumulates and causes kidney damage. This study aimed to compare the effects of antioxidant curcumin and resveratrol on antioxidant defense in Cd-induced rat kidney tissue. Methods: In the study, 36 (200-250 gr) Wistar albino rats were divided into 6 (n=6) groups. Group 1: control; group 2: CdCl2; group 3: curcumin; group 4: CdCl2 + curcumin; group 5: resveratrol; group 6: CdCl2 + resveratrol. At the end of the experiment, malondialdehyde (MDA), total oxidant capacity (TOC), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) activities were measured in kidney tissues. Results: In the CdCl2-treated group, oxidative stress index (OSI), TOC, and MDA levels increased compared with the control group, and TAC values decreased (p<0.05). In the case of resveratrol or curcumin administered with Cd, TAC levels increased, MDA levels, and OSI values decreased compared with the group administered only Cd (p<0.05). Conclusion: Both resveratrol and curcumin may have protective effects in the kidneys against CdCl2-induced oxidative damage.
Effect of Fish Farming on Bioecological Characteristics of the Mediterranean Mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck, 1819 (Bivalvia: Mytilidae): Gulluk Bay Example, South Aegean Sea, Turkey
(Inst Zoology, Bas, 2024) Yıldırım, Pınar; Ercan, Ertan
This study was carried out to determine the effects of cage cultivation on bioecological characteristics of Mytilus galloprovincialis in Gulluk Bay Kazikli Port between May 2013 and May 2014. An integrated multi-trophic aquaculture method was used. The growth and survival rates, age structure and reproductive success of mussels as well as water quality parameters and phytoplankton composition were monitored monthly in two selected stations. Mussels belonging to different size groups exhibited high growth and survival rates during the summer and spring when the temperature was high near the offshore systems. Applying a length-frequency analysis graph created using the shell growth limits, it was found that the mussels reached the marketing length (>50 mm) in 18 months. With this study, it has been revealed that mussel development continued in both stations and the region was suitable for potential mussel farming.
Chemical composition, antimicrobial, antioxidant and anthocyanin activities of mosses (Cinclidotus fontinaloides (Hedw.) P.Beauv. and Palustriella commutata (Hedw.) Ochyra) gathered from Turkey
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2017) Tonguç Yayıntaş, Özlem; Alpaslan, Duygu; Karagül Yüceer, Yonca; Yılmaz, Selehattin; Şahiner, Nurettin
Cinclidotus fontinaloides (Hedw.) P. Beauv. and Palustriella commutata (Hedw.) Ochyra were used in this study. The chemical composition of mosses in the ethanol and water extract was determined using GC-MS and FT-IR. Antioxidant activities of moss extracts were tested by total phenol and ABTS methods. Trolox equivalent value (TEAC) of mosses was calculated as 26 +/- 0.32 and 10 +/- 0.22 mg/g. The amounts of the flavonoid compounds were calculated as mg gallic acid. Gallic acid equivalent value of mosses was calculated as 587 +/- 0.55 and 496 +/- 0.22 mg/g. The extracts antimicrobial activity was tested against Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739), Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 10145) and Candida albicans (ATCC 10231). Significant antibacterial effect was observed for C. fontinaloides and P. commutata in ethanol extract. Total anthocyanin activities of C. fontinaloides and P. commutata were determined as 50 +/- 0.17 and 144 +/- 0.33 mg/L.
Profiling the effects of starter cultures on biochemical compounds in fermented fish sauces and their relationships with sensory perceptions
(Wiley, 2024) Dinç, Selin Özge; Çolakoğlu, Fatma; Kunili, İbrahim Ender; Ormancı, Hasan Basri
In this study, the effect of Lactiplantibacillus (L.) plantarum XL23 (Lp) and Saccharomyces (S.) cerevisiae RC212 (Sc) on flavour formation in fermented fish sauce production was investigated. The levels of, and relationship between, non-volatile and volatile compounds responsible for taste and aroma were determined in fish sauce samples. Regarding non-volatiles, the results showed that free amino acids and organic acids were significantly higher in Lp and Lp + Sc compared to traditional fish sauce. In fatty acids, there was an irregular distribution between the groups. In terms of volatile compounds, L. plantarum supported the presence of acidic compounds (1413.31 ng mL(-1)), while S. cerevisiae supported the presence of alcoholic compounds at high levels (3891.56 ng mL(-1)). Significant correlations between components proved the accuracy of analytical and sensory analyses and demonstrated the reliability of multi-replicate statistical interactions. The results indicated that inoculation with starter cultures changed the taste and aroma in favour of the strains.
Reactivity of TNF-α, NF-κB, and TGF-β in Liver Tissue of Rats Due to the Sand Mussel Consumption
(Hellenic Veterinary Medical Soc, 2023) Öztürk, Şamil; İrkin, Latife Ceyda
Toxic substances such as heavy metals have been reported to accumulate by aquatic organisms. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the histopathological changes that may occur in the liver parenchyma, the largest gland of the digestive system, by feeding the rats with sand mussel. The samples were analyzed for cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) by ICP-OES). The liver tissue samples were stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin (H&E), and immuohitochemically staining inflamatory marker TNF-α, NF-κB, and fibrotic factor TGF-β. Heavy metal accumulation in sand mussel tissue suggests that it may triggers the toxicity in tissues with the consumption frequently that the hepatotoxic effect was quite severe especially in rats fed with sand mussel. Also immunoreactivity of TNF-α, TGF-β and NF-κB were observed in the liver cells of especially second group. As a result, aquatic ecosystem can be affected with environmental pollution. It has been observed that crustaceans obtained from polluted ecosystems can cause especially digestive system organs damage in mammals.
Protective effect of Spirulina in the ovary of rats against Doxorubicin toxicity
(Univ Zulia, Facultad Ciencias Veterinarias, 2024) Öztürk, Şamil; İrkin, Latife Ceyda
Doxorubicin (Dox) is an anti-cancer agent used of ovarian, breast, liver, lung cancers and solid tumors such as leukemia and lymphoma treatment. However, since it is an antineoplastic agent with a high toxic effect, it causes toxicity on many organs and tissues in the organism. Spirulina spp. (SP) contains phytopigments such as beta- carotene, tocopherols and xanthophylls and is a natural source of vitamin A as well as its anticarcinogenic effect. For these reasons, this study was planned to experimentally reveal the antioxidant and protective effects of SP on Dox-induced reproductive toxicity in female rats. In the study, histopathological evaluation was performed after Hematoxylin-Eosin staining in female rats with Dox toxicity. The distribution of GSK-3 beta for cell proliferation, HIF-1 alpha for oxidative stress and VEGF for vascularization were evaluated. TUNEL staining was performed to determine apoptosis. It was determined that SP prevented tissue damage on the ovarian tissue of rats with Dox toxicity, and this positive effect was achieved through factors such as oxidative stress (HIF-1 alpha), vascularization (VEGF) and inhibition of cell death (Apoptosis). It has been observed that SP treatment to be applied after chemotherapy is effective in protecting both the developing follicles and the primordial follicle pool.
Validation of Daily Growth Increment Deposition in Sagittal Otoliths of the Young of the Year Lithognathus mormyrus
(Springer Int Publ Ag, 2024) Ayyıldız, Hakan; Kurtkaya, Emre; Çelik, Pınar; Altın, Aytaç; Bulut, Musa
This paper aims to validate the micro increment deposition in the sagittal otoliths of young of the year (YOY) Lithognathus mormyrus in the shallow waters of canakkale, Turkey. Wild YOY specimens of L. mormyrus were captured and reared to validate the daily micro increment formation in sagittal otoliths. The formation of daily sagittal micro increments was validated using by alizarin Red S (ARS), at a concentration of 0 (control), 50 mg/lt, 100 mg/lt, 150 mg/lt, 200 mg/lt and 300 mg/lt. The natural photoperiod was applied, and no food was given throughout the marking period. The tanks kept strongly aerated to maintain the pH similar to 7. YOY fish were kept in different aquariums for 17 days post-dyeing and then re-dyeing as before and kept alive for a further 20 days. ARS marks were clearly observed in 71.7% of the YOY L. mormyrus sagittal otoliths under a fluorescent microscope. However, no mark could be observed in any of the samples of 50 mg/lt ARS treatment. Chi2 tests revealed that the linear regressions of the number of micro increments between ARS marks against number of elapsed times was not statistically significant. This result showed that micro increment deposition on the sagitta were laid down daily under the experimental conditions and can be used to detect the daily age information for YOY L. mormyrus.
Validating daily otolith increment formation in young of the year pagellus acarne in the Çanakkale region
(Arman Darya Inc, 2024) Ayyıldız, Hakan; Kurtkaya, Emre; Çelik, Pınar; Altın, Aytaç
Accurate age estimation is essential for population dynamics modeling and fisheries management. Otoliths serve as a critical resource for age determination in ichthyological studies, capitalizing on the embedded growth increments. The periodicity of these increments, however, requires thorough validation to confirm the accuracy of age assessments. This study validated daily increment deposition in sagittal otoliths of young-of-year Pagellus acarne from & Ccedil;anakkale, Turkey using Alizarin Red S (ARS), a fluorescent calcium-binding marker. Specimens (n=107; 1.8-4.7cm TL) were exposed to ARS concentrations of 0 (control), 50, 100, 150, 200, and 300mg/L for 24h, then reared 13 days. After a recovery period of 13 days, the second dyeing was performed with the aim of having a specific fluorescent mark to test the 13 rings found between the 2 fluorescent marks. Otoliths were examined under fluorescent microscopy. ARS marks were detectable in 81.57% of otoliths at >= 100mg/L, with the highest visibility at 300mg/L. Survival exceeded 84.2% across treatments. Increment counts between the first and second ARS marks (13 days) and from the second mark to the edge (20 days) matched elapsed time. Ages from wild fish (n=95) ranged 39-201 days with a growth rate of 0.176mm/day. This research demonstrates ARS is an effective, low-impact tool for periodicity validation and provides the basis for accurate age determination and population modeling of this ecologically important species in the region.
Heavy Metal and Mineral Composition of Soil, Atmospheric Deposition, and Mosses with Regard to Integrated Pollution Assessment Approach
(Springer, 2021) Menteşe, Sibel; Tonguç Yayıntaş, Özlem; Baş, Batuhan; İrkin, Latife Ceyda; Yılmaz, Selehattin
The fact that there are no real borders between the biosphere, atmosphere, lithosphere, and hydrosphere means that environmental pollution monitoring studies should not only include one of the environmental spheres. Thus, integrated environmental pollution assessment studies conducted in the biosphere, lithosphere, and atmosphere promote the “whole system” approach. In this study, the aim was to determine the pollution in the atmosphere, soil, and plants by taking advantage of the high pollution accumulation characteristics of the mosses. Prevailing wind has the potential to distribute pollutants emitted into the air throughout its path. With this regard, soil, mosses, and atmospheric deposition samples were collected in Çanakkale, Turkey, in two seasons. Concentrations of selected elements were measured by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry. The enrichment factor of the selected elements in the soil, moss, and deposition samples was calculated. The highest enrichments were found for Lead in atmospheric deposition, Arsenic in soil, and Mercury in moss samples. Cobalt and chromium accumulated more in mosses than in soil. Elevated arsenic levels found in the samples can pose a great risk for public health and agriculture. The study result showed that the elemental composition of the samples was influenced by the enhanced air plume dispersion of anthropogenic pollution sources along the Northeast-Southwest directions due to wind characteristics in the province. As expected, strong correlations were found among the moss, soil, and atmospheric deposition samples indicating the vital interactions between the environmental components.
The Presence of the Monogenean Helminth Grubea cochlear Diesing, 1858 from Chub Mackerel (Scomber japonicus) Caught in The Çanakkale Strait, Türkiye
(Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, 2023) Aldık, Ruhay; Çakır, Fikret
In this study, 75 chub mackerels that were caught in the Canakkale Strait in Türkiye between October to December, 2019, were examined for the presence of parasites. The length and weight of all fish were measured and the external body area, oral cavity, nostrils, fins, and gills were examined. Gill samples were examined under a stereomicroscope and all suspicious findings were preserved in 99.99% ethanol. The mean length and weight of fish were 24.84±0.39cm and 146.01±7.16 gr, respectively. It was determined that the collected parasite is Grubea cochlear, a monogenic helminth belonging to the Mazocraeidea family. The chub mackerel, in which the specimen of G. cochlera was isolated among the gill filaments, was a female with a total length of 18.5 cm and a weight of 49.80 gr. This finding of Grubea cochlear isolated from the gills of chub mackerel is the first record of this species in this region.
Early life traits of the common two-banded seabream, Diplodus vulgaris (Perciformes: Sparidae), inhabiting the shallow waters of Gökçeada Island, Turkey
(Universidad Autonoma de Baja California, 2023) Altın, Aytaç
Daily growth rates and pelagic larval duration were investigated in the common two-banded seabream (Diplodus vulgaris). Fish were sampled using a beach seine from the shallow waters of Gökçeada Island, Turkey, between June 2013 and June 2014. The minimum and maximum daily age estimates were 41 and 339 d, respectively. The mean daily growth rate of young-of-the-year D. vulgaris was 0.330 mm·d–1. Our results showed that D. vulgaris exhibits a Type Ia settlement-mark with a pelagic larval duration of 29 d. The hatching period occurred from November to April. The maximum hatching frequencies were observed in winter, when the water temperature was relatively low. The natural logarithm of young-of-the-year abundance data was plotted against age, and the instant mortality coefficients were estimated. The relationships between total length and otolith morphometric measurements (otolith length [OL], width [OW], and radius [OR]) were defined by linear equations. Furthermore, it was observed that this ratio exhibited a linear relationship with OL, OW, and OR and total length and daily age.
Spatio-Temporal Patterns of Abundance and Biomass of Parapenaeus longirostris (Lucas, 1846) in the Sea of Marmara, Turkey
(İstanbul University Faculty of Aquatic Sciences, 2021) İnceoğlu, Haşim; İşmen, Ali; İhsanoğlu, Mukadder Arslan; Kocabaş, Engin; Daban, İsmail Burak; Çardak, Mine; Şirin, Murat; Yığın, Cahide Ciğdem
The present research study investigated the catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE, kg/h) and biomass of Parapenaeus longirostris in consideration of three parameters, i.e. seasons, regions, and depth levels. Beam trawls were used to collect the specimens at a total of 229 sampling stations in the Sea of Marmara between September 2011 and July 2014. In the Sea of Marmara, the mean CPUE of P. longirostris was calculated to be 8.4 }0.5 kg h-1 , and the mean biomass to be 354 kg/km-2. The mean CPUE value was at its highest in summer and autumn, and the lowest was observed in winter and spring. The by-region mean CPUE value of P. longirostris was the highest in the northern Sea of Marmara (14.3 }1.9 kg h-1), and the lowest was detected in the south (3.6 }1.0 kg h-1). The highest biomass value was found at a depth of 50-100 m, in the northern Sea of Marmara, while the lowest was calculated in the southeastern Sea of Marmara.
A comparative view to heavy metal pollution in soil and rainwater in Çanakkale, Turkey
(ACG Publications, 2021) Menteşe, Sibel; Yayıntaş, Özlem Tonguç; Baş, Batuhan; İrkin, Latife Ceyda; Yılmaz, Selehattin
On Earth, atmosphere interact with crust and thus simultaneously monitoring of environmental pollution in both parts of the environment is important. Soil and rainwater samples were taken in different parts of Çanakkale, Turkey, in two seasons. Study sites laid along with the prevailing wind direction (from NE to SW) as wind has the potential to distribute pollutants emitted into the air throughout its path. The concentrations of selected elements were determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Also, physical parameters such as pH, temperature, electrical conductivity of the rainwater and temperature and pH value of the soil samples were measured together with the meteorological parameters. Seasonal differences for the selected elements were insignificant in the soil samples (p>0.05), while some elements showed seasonal variations in the rainwater samples (p[removed] Pb > Mn> Cu> Cd > Ni> Cr in the rainwater samples and Mn > Zn > Cu > Pb > Cr > Ni > Co in the soil samples, respectively. The highest enrichments were found for Pb in the rainwater and As in the soil samples. Elevated As levels occurred in the samples can pose a great risk for public health and agriculture.
Investigation of Apoptotic and Inflammatory Activity in Liver Tissue of Rats Fed with Clam (Pecten maximus, Linnaeus 1758)
(Sciendo, 2021) İrkin, Latife Ceyda
One of the most important threats for living things in aquatic ecosystems is environmental pollution. The changes in water quality caused by environmental pollution also reduce the quality of life for organisms in the environment. Among these, the crustaceans which are most affected by the negative changes of environment, fed by the filtra-tion method, are seen as pollution indicator. The consumption of these creatures reaches all steps of the pyramid, especially humans, through the food chain. People who frequently use seafood in their diets may be affected by these negative changes. Heavy metal contents of the clams obtained from Dardanelles were determined by the ICP-OES. Twenty-four female Wistar albino rats were fed for 30 days with the experimental diet using clams (Pecten maximus), which was dried and formed into pellets and added to the food in certain proportions. At the end of the study, the subjects were sacrificed under anesthesia, liver tissues were taken, and histochemical examination was performed. TUNEL method was performed to detect apoptotic activity, and immunohistochemical staining with TNF-α and NF-κB antibodies to determine inflammation. Concluding from the results, it was observed that the de-generation of vital digestive system tissues such as liver was inevitable in living creatures that frequently consume seafood obtained from unhealthy environment in their daily diets. The high analysis values of the heavy metal (P. maximus) in food additive can be considered as a reason for histopathological results.
Antibiotic resistance and virulence genes in Enterococcus species isolated from raw and processed seafood
(Springer, 2022) Çardak, Mine; Özmen Toğay, Sine; Ay, Mustafa; Karaalioğlu, Onur; Erol, Özlem; Bağcı, Ufuk
This study evaluated the antibiotic resistance characteristics and virulence genes of enterococci isolated from raw and processed seafood sold in the Marmara Region, Turkey. In this context, the enterococcal load was determined as between 1.0 and 2.5 log CFU/g in 39 of a total of 397 samples. It was determined that 117 strains isolated from the samples belonged to Enterococcus gallinarum, E. casseliflavus, E. durans, E. faecium, and E. faecalis species. Erythromycin, tetracycline, streptomycin, and gentamicin resistance was observed, whereas the tetM, ermB, aac(6')-aph(2'')-la genes were found in a majority of the isolates. It was also determined that the isolates carried the agg2 and gelE virulence genes. When all these results are evaluated, the presence of these isolates in aquatic products may pose a risk in terms of food safety and public health.
Investigation of the relationship between homalothecium sericeum(HedW.) schimp. And Cu/Zn sod enzyme in rat tissues with the immunohistochemical method
(Parlar Scientific Publications, 2021) İrkin, Latife Ceyda; Yayıntaş, Özlem Tonguç; Çakina, Suat
In this study, the aim was to determine the production of Cu/Zn SOD (SOD1) enzyme in the heart, liver, and pancreas of rats administered Homalothecium sericeum extract. The effect of the use of moss extract has not been studied for Cu/Zn SOD enzyme production in different tissues of rats or for the cytotoxic effects on these tissues. In our study, 50 mg/kg (Group I, n: 6), 100 mg/kg (Group II, n: 6), 300 mg/kg (Group III, n: 6) and 500 mg/kg (Group IV, n: 6) doses of moss extract and 1 ml of distilled water (Group V, n: 6) were administered by gavage to 30 female rats for 30 days. Cu/Zn SOD enzyme immunoreactivity was investigated in liver, heart and pancreas tissues depending on the increase in moss extract dose. To determine Cu/Zn SOD immunoreactivity, after the application of Cu/Zn SOD primary antibodies using immunohistochemical staining methods, DAP was used as coloring and hematoxylin was used as inverse dye. The stained tissue samples were evaluated with an image analysis system under the research microscope and the study used the Kruskal-Wallis Test, one of the nonparametric tests, to detect the differences between the groups statistically.

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