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Comparison of two different medication strategies before retrograde intrarenal surgery in patients using anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents: Results of the RIRSearch study group
(Elsevier, 2025) Şimşekoğlu, M. E.; Ozman, O.; Çakır, H.; Teke, K.; Çınar, O.; Akgül, M.; Tuna, B.; Sancak, Eyüp Burak; Sıddıkoğlu, Duygu
[No abstract available]
Effect of preoperative urine culture timing on postoperative outcomes of retrograde intrarenal surgery: Preliminary results of the RIRSearch study
(Elsevier, 2025) Yazıcı, C. M.; Şahin, M. F.; Teke, K.; Şimşeko, M. F.; Tuna, M. B.; Basataç, C.; Çınar, O.; Sıddıkoğlu, Duygu; Sancak, Eyüp Burak
[No abstract available]
Unlocking PD-1/PD-L1 axis in non-small cell lung cancer: in silico design of tetrahydroquinoline-based small-molecule immune checkpoint inhibitors
(Wiley, 2025) Işın, B.; Şehitoğlu, Müşerref Hilal; Kılınç, N.; Kazancıoğlu, M. Z.; Kazancıoğlu, E. A.
[No abstract available]
Repurposing of FDA-Approved Drugs as Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors for Alzheimer's Disease: A Combined In Silico and In Vitro Evaluation and Structure-Activity Relationship
(Wiley-V C H Verlag Gmbh, 2025) Sıkık, Merve; Cömert Önder, Ferah
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by cognitive decline and decreased cholinergic activity that affects millions of individuals worldwide. Herein, in vitro acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory potentials of FDA-approved drugs identified by computational approaches, including structure-based virtual screening, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and molecular mechanics-generalized Born surface area (MM/GBSA), were carried out. The top docking poses of the selected drugs (Trazodone, Frovatriptan, Eletriptan, Bupropion, Rivaroxaban, Sotalol, and Indapamide) were analyzed during 200 ns MD simulations. The average root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) values along with standard deviation were calculated for all complexes between approximately 1.90 +/- 0.37 and 1.59 +/- 0.21 & Aring;. The average RMSD values of AChE-Trazodone and AChE-Rivaroxaban, respectively, were found to be 1.69 +/- 0.19 and 1.74 +/- 0.30 & Aring;. On the basis of in vitro findings, Trazodone (12.61 +/- 0.52 nM) showed 2.11-fold more inhibitory activity than donepezil (DNP). In vitro AChE activity of Rivaroxaban (26.82 +/- 0.51 nM) was found to be similar to DNP (26.67 +/- 0.56 nM). Frovatriptan, Eletriptan, Bupropion, Sotalol, and Indapamide had 1.84-, 1.70-, 1.67-, 1.29-, and 1.23-fold higher activity than tacrine. This study highlights the potency of the studied FDA-approved drugs to inhibit AChE for the treatment of AD through in silico and in vitro studies.
Outcomes of retrograde intrarenal surgery in patients on anticoagulant or antiplatelet therapy: a multicenter matched case-control study by the RIRSearch Study Group
(Springer, 2025) Şimşekoğlu, Muhammed Fatih; Ozman, Oktay; Şahin, Mehmet Fatih; Çakır, Hakan; Teke, Kerem; Çınar, Önder; Akgül, Murat; Sancak, Eyüp Burak; Sıddıkoğlu, Duygu
Purpose This study aimed to assess the outcomes of various perioperative management strategies employed during retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) in patients receiving anticoagulant (AC) or antiplatelet (AP) therapy. Methods In this multicenter retrospective matched case–control study, we included patients with nephrolithiasis who received AC or AP therapy and underwent RIRS. The control group consisted of patients not receiving AC/AP therapy. Group 1 included patients who discontinued AC/AP treatment prior to RIRS, whereas Group 2 comprised patients who also discontinued AC/AP therapy but received bridging anticoagulation. The primary endpoints were surgical success and RIRS-related complications. These outcomes were assessed using non-contrast abdominopelvic computed tomography (CT) scans obtained during the first postoperative month. Results In the final analysis, Group 1 and Group 2 each comprised 50 patients, while the control group consisted of 56 patients. The mean age was 59.36 ± 8.86 years in Group 1, 59.96 ± 9.70 years in Group 2, and 56.59 ± 11.56 years in the control group (p = 0.452). Surgical success was significantly lower in Group 2 (p = 0.026), and the need for auxiliary procedures was significantly higher in this group (p = 0.009). Although perioperative complications tended to be higher in Group 2 (p = 0.053), no statistically significant differences were observed in postoperative or overall complication rates. Conclusions Patients undergoing RIRS with bridging anticoagulation demonstrated lower surgical success rates and a higher need for auxiliary procedures. These findings underscore the importance of close monitoring and individualized perioperative management in this high-risk patient population.
Uridine and uridine nucleotides as novel regulators of NUCB2/nesfatin-1 neuron activation: an immunohistochemical study
(Springer, 2025) Hasanoğlu Akbulut, Nursel; Topal, G.; Koç, C.; Coskan, N.; Salman, B.; Cansev, M.; Eyigör, O.
Nesfatin-1, identified as an anorexigenic neuropeptide in the hypothalamus, is activated by glutamatergic agonists and innervated by excitatory and inhibitory neurons. The uridine nucleotide uridine diphosphate was recently identified as a novel regulator of feeding-related neurons. However, the activating effects of uridine and uridine nucleotides on anorexigenic NUCB2/nesfatin-1 neurons are unknown. In this study, the activating effects of intracerebroventricularly administered uridine or uridine nucleotides (UMP, UDP, UTP) on NUCB2/nesfatin-1 neurons localized in the supraoptic (SON), paraventricular (PVN), and periventricular (PeV) nuclei were determined using c-Fos immunohistochemistry. Results were evaluated as the percentage of the ratio of c-Fos-expressing (activated) NUCB2/nesfatin-1 neurons to all NUCB2/nesfatin-1 neurons. It was determined that centrally administered uridine, UMP, and UTP activated a statistically significant number of NUCB2/nesfatin-1 neurons in the SON, PVN, and PeV, compared with the saline group (p < 0.05). At the same time, the slight increase in the neuronal activation seen following UDP application was not found to be significant. The results of this study show that NUCB2/nesfatin-1 neurons respond to uridine and uridine nucleotides in the form of neuronal activation, possibly through pyrimidinergic neurotransmission.
A Comparative Study of Nitrogen Doped Carbon Dots Prepared from Linear Polyethyleneimine (L-PEI) and Branched Polyethyleneimine (B-PEI): Thermal, Optical, Biocompatibility, Sensor, Antibacterial, and Light-Induced Antibacterial Activity
(Springer/Plenum Publishers, 2025) Demirci, Şahin; Sağbaş Suner, Selin; Şahiner, Mehtap; Akçalı, Alper; Güven, Olgun; Şahiner, Nurettin
The N-doped carbon dots (CDs) prepared in the presence of citric acid (CA) as carbon source, using linear poly(ethylene imine) (L-PEI) and branched poly(ethylene imine) (B-PEI) as nitrogen doping agents were prepared via hydrothermal/solvothermal technique at 250 degrees C in a Teflon-lined autoclave. The zeta potentials of L-PEI CDs and B-PEI CDs were determined as + 9.8 +/- 4 and 0.1 +/- 0.5 mV with 47 +/- 3 and 54 +/- 5 nm sizes, respectively. Bandgap values for L-PEI CDs and B-PEI CDs were estimated as 3.06 and 3.37 eV, respectively. The fluorescence intensities of L-PEI CDs and B-PEI CDs were measured as 59,310(a.u.), and 46,370(a.u.) at 474 and 442 nm, respectively, under 400 and 320 nm excitation wavelengths and 700 V PMT voltage. A higher quantum yield% value was observed for L-PEI CDs with 37 +/- 2.9%. Both L-PEI CDs and B-PEI CDs were found biocompatible up to 1000 mu g/mL concentration with > 80% L929 fibroblast cell viability. The limit of detection (LOD) values for Fe3+ by L-PEI CDs and B-PEI CDs were determined as 0.58 and 2.14 mg/mL, respectively. Both L-PEI CDs and B-PEI CDs at 10 mg/mL concentration resulted in 50% bacterial killing for gram-negative E. coli, gram-positive B. subtilis, and yeast C. albicans microorganisms. Also, the light activation of L-PEI CDs and B-PEI CDs induces almost 70 and 40% bacterial killing for gram-positive B. subtilis in 30 min. Moreover, they have a limit of detection (LOD) value of 0.58 mg/mL for Fe3+ ions, in addition to exhibiting biocompatibility and antibacterial properties.
Chronic low back pain and exercise: a molecular perspective on aerobic and anaerobic core training
(Springer, 2025) Aykora, Emrah; Akar, Ali; Eroğlu, Hüseyin Avni
Chronic low back pain (CLBP) remains a significant challenge for clinicians, and a substantial percentage of adults experience it at some point in their lives. Non-pharmacological treatments have gained attention for managing pain through aerobic and anaerobic core exercises. However, studies on humans and animals have yielded conflicting results regarding the type of exercise and its effect on pain sensation. The pain sensitivity of CLBP patients largely depends on their physiological and psychological conditions. The most studied and supported non-drug treatments for managing CLBP are aerobic core workouts. Recently, new research has also shown promising benefits of anaerobic core exercises, which can help reduce discomfort. Both aerobic and core anaerobic exercises have distinct yet complementary roles in managing CLBP. Aerobic training enhances overall health and endurance, while core anaerobic exercises focus on stabilization and muscular support. Understanding how they work individually and together can help create more effective, personalized exercise plans for long-term CLBP management. These exercises are especially effective in correcting postural issues and lowering mechanical stress on the lumbar spine. Although the exact mechanisms are still unknown, both types of exercises have the potential to lessen pain. This scoping review discusses the pathophysiological processes and exercise-induced hypoalgesia related to CLBP therapy. Additionally, it explores the pain-related molecular mechanisms associated with both aerobic and anaerobic core exercises.
Sepsis-associated immunosuppression: mechanistic Insights, Biomarkers, and therapeutic perspectives
(Springer, 2025) Ovalı, Mehmet Akif; Perçin, Şevval
Sepsis is recognized as a major global health concern, characterized by a dysregulated and uncontrolled host response to infection that results in organ dysfunction and high mortality. Clinically, the course of sepsis typically begins with an intense hyperinflammatory phase, which is often followed by an immunosuppressive stage in many patients. This immunosuppressive state significantly increases susceptibility to secondary infections, complicates treatment, and worsens overall survival. The immunopathogenesis of sepsis-associated immune dysfunction involves profound alterations in immune cells, particularly monocytes, macrophages, and T lymphocytes. In addition, metabolic reprogramming through signaling pathways such as mTOR, AMPK, and PI3K-Akt contributes to the imbalance of immune responses and the deepening of immunosuppression. Currently, biomarkers such as HLA-DR expression are employed to monitor immune status and to predict clinical outcomes in septic patients. From a therapeutic perspective, the use of immunostimulatory agents, biomarker-guided monitoring, and personalized immunomodulatory strategies has gained increasing attention. Recent clinical and experimental findings suggest that these approaches may help restore immune competence and improve patient outcomes. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive synthesis of current knowledge regarding the cellular, molecular, and metabolic mechanisms underlying sepsis-associated immunosuppression and to discuss their potential implications for the development of targeted therapeutic strategies.
Design, synthesis, characterization, computational analysis, structure-activity relationship, and investigation of the anticancer potential of novel dibromodibenzoazepine-based hybrid structures
(Springer, 2025) Allito, Azza; Önder, Alper; Cömert Önder, Ferah; Erdoğan, Musa
In this study, ten novel dibromodibenzoazepine-substituted triazole hybrid compounds (AZ1-AZ10) were designed via a molecular hybridization approach and synthesized using click chemistry methodology. In the synthesis, the dibromodibenzoazepine derivative (12) was initially synthesized via bromination. Subsequent propargylation yielded the key intermediate, dibromodibenzoazepine-propargyl derivative (13). The Cu (I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction of propargyl derivative (13) with various substituted azide derivatives afforded the target hybrid compounds in high yields. The structures of these compounds were characterized using various spectroscopic techniques, including H-1 NMR, C-13 NMR, and MS. Among the synthesized compounds, AZ9 was determined to have the highest cytotoxicity on breast and colon cancer cell lines, including BT20, MCF7, MDA-MB-231, and HT29 with the IC50 values of 0.54 +/- 0.09 mu M, 1.83 +/- 0.87 mu M, 3.88 +/- 0.15 mu M, and 5.31 +/- 0.38 mu M, respectively. In addition, AZ8 showed the cytotoxicity on BT20 and HT29 cells below 10 mu M. The cytotoxicity of AZ10 in studied cancer cell lines was calculated below 20 mu M. The compounds were investigated by computational analysis including molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, Molecular Mechanics with Generalized Born and Surface Area Solvation (MM/GBSA), and ADME predictions. As a result, AZ8-AZ10 may be promising anticancer agents targeting SphK1 and CDK6 to provide new perspectives for the design and development of novel click products.
Boron Containing Curcumin-Like Compound as an Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor and Anticancer Agent: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Computational Insights
(Humana Press Inc, 2025) Cömert Önder, Ferah; Ural, Kadircan; Önder, Alper; Özpolat, Bülent; Ay, Mehmet
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cancer are significant global health challenges that highlight the need for the development of new therapeutics. Targeting biological mechanisms involved in both AD and cancer could be an effective treatment strategy for developing novel inhibitors. In this study, we investigated the effect of a newly synthesized boron containing curcumin-like compound as a potential acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor along with its cytotoxic effects on breast and colorectal cancer cell lines. Compound A exhibited a potent AChE inhibitory activity (IC50 = 22.89 +/- 2.32 nM), demonstrating that it was more effective than the known inhibitors donepezil (IC50 = 28.32 +/- 3.27 nM) and tacrine. Compound A showed a moderate cytotoxic activity on MCF-7 and BT20 cells with the IC50 values 40.70 +/- 2.31 mu M and 41.71 +/- 4.51 mu M, respectively. Throughout molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, the RMSD value of the protein was calculated as 1.56 +/- 0.20 & Aring; and 1.65 +/- 0.19 & Aring; for the complexes of compound A and curcumin, respectively. The interactions with specific amino acid residues such as Tyr124, Tyr337, and Trp86 for AChE, and Trp82, His438, and Tyr332 for BChE were obtained. Additionally, MM/GBSA calculations demonstrated that Compound A had the highest binding free energies (-88.89 +/- 8.34 kcal/mol for AChE and -73.25 +/- 8.83 kcal/mol for BChE) compared to curcumin (-67.87 +/- 5.48 kcal/mol for AChE and -51.68 +/- 5.28 kcal/mol for BChE) and tacrine (-56.67 +/- 2.22 kcal/mol for BChE) were calculated. Overall, these findings suggest that Compound A is a promising agent with its potent AChE inhibitory activity and anticancer potential, making it a valuable candidate for further research in neurodegenerative diseases and cancer therapy.
Gold and silver nanoparticle decorated biocompatible and antibacterial xanthan gum/poly (HEMA-co-APTMACl) hydrogels for wound healing
(Springernature, 2025) Savranoğlu Kulabaş, Seda; Atlı, İlknur; Atalay, Hazal Nazlıcan; Boyuneğmez Tümer, Tuğba; Özay, Hava; Özay, Özgür
A delayed skin wound healing process increases the risk of infection and necessitates implementing effective treatment strategies. From this perspective, biocompatible and antibacterial hydrogels stand out as innovative biomaterials that support wound healing. In this research, a semi-interpenetrating polymer network (s-IPN) strategy was used to improve the mechanical strength, cytocompatibility, and antibacterial properties of natural polysaccharide-based hydrogels. In this context, natural polymer-based XG/poly (HEMA-co-APTMACl) hydrogels were synthesized by redox polymerization reaction. The stability of metal nanoparticles was ensured by utilizing the rich polyphenol and flavonoid components of C. Orientalis. The synthesized hydrogels were in situ functionalized with biosynthesized silver (55 nm) and gold (56 nm) nanoparticles to enhance their biocompatibility and biofunctionality. Their antibacterial activity was assessed against P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, B. cereus, and E. faecalis using the disk diffusion method. Hydrogelfilm@Ag inhibited all tested bacterial strains (7.5–8.8 mm), while Hydrogelfilm@Au exhibited stronger antibacterial activity, particularly against E. faecalis (10.3 mm) and B. cereus (9.7 mm). In contrast, the Hydrogelfilm was only effective against S. aureus (7.7 mm). The hydrogel formulations were tested for cytocompatibility and wound healing potential using HUVECs. All hydrogels composites (Hydrogelfilm@Au, @Ag, and @HF) were non-toxic and exhibited enhanced biocompatibility, promoting significant cell proliferation at all tested concentrations (5–20%). In wound healing assays, Hydrogelfilm@HF achieved complete wound closure within 12 h even at a 5% concentration, demonstrating superior regenerative potential. Overall, hydrogels incorporating green-synthesized silver and gold nanoparticles demonstrated excellent antibacterial and wound-healing properties, highlighting their promise as advanced biomaterials for tissue regeneration applications.
Effect of Hydrogen on Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Seizures in Ovariectomized Rats
(Springernature, 2025) Kaya, Miktat; Makav, Mustafa; Karadağ Sarı, Ebru; Yediel Aras, Şükran; Kuru, Mushap; Vural, Abdussamed; Eroğlu, Hüseyin Avni
The aim of the study was to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of hydrogen-rich water in pentylenetetrazol-induced epilepsy. A total of 30 female rats, 6 animals in each group, were used in the study. All groups except the control group were ovariectomized. Hydrogen-rich water Group (HRW) and Epilepsy + HRW Group (E + HRW) were administered intraperitoneally for 14 days. On the 14th day of the study, Epilepsy Group, HRW group and E + HRW group were administered a single dose of pentylenetetrazol intraperitoneally. Afterwards, all animals were recorded with a camera for 30 min and then epilepsy scoring was performed. All animals were then euthanized by cervical dissociation under anesthesia in accordance with ethical rules. Blood and tissue (brain and cerebellum) samples were collected from the animals. Biochemical measurements of MDA, GSH, native thiol, total thiol and disulfide homeostasis were performed. P53 and P27 genes were analyzed by PCR. Histopathological, routine hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemically BCL-2 and caspas-3 immunoreagents were examined. MDA data showed a statistically significant increase in the E group. Especially in the cerebellum tissue, a statistical decrease in the E + HRW group compared to the E group is remarkable. When GSH, Total thiol and Native thiol data were analyzed, a statistical decrease was observed in the E group. Especially in blood and cerebellum tissue, statistical increase in E + HRW group compared to E group is remarkable. P53 and P27 genes were statistically but numerically significant. There was also a significant difference in Bcl-2 and Caspas-3 immunoreactivity in the E + HRW group compared to the E group. In conclusion, hydrogen-rich water administration of the E + HRW group showed a therapeutic effect compared to E group. In the light of the results, we suggest that hydrogen-rich water may have a reactive effect in epilepsy.
The Effect of Oleuropein on the Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis
(Georg Thieme Verlag Kg, 2025) Çil, Özge Çağlar; Büyük, Başak; Eroğlu, Hüseyin Avni; Şehitoğlu, Hilal
Introduction Allergic rhinitis is a disease that negatively affects social and work life and sometimes does not respond to many treatments. Therefore, new treatments are needed. For the prevention and treatment of allergies, oleuropein has been emphasized, and positive results have been shown in the literature. Objective To investigate the effects of general and topical oleuropein during the allergic rhinitis period and the histopathological changes in the nasal mucosa compared with steroid nasal sprays and control group in rats. Methods We developed an experimental animal model with 44 rats divided into 6 groups. Except for the control group, the allergic rhinitis in the other five groups was created with ovalbumin. As treatment, saline was administered to group 3, steroids, to group 4, oleuropein, to group 5, and steroids and oleuropein were administered to group 6. The effects of the drugs were examined histopathologically and the levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE) in the blood were compared. Results Considering the symptomatic findings in rats, we could observe that allergic rhinitis occurred. Based on the IgE levels and histopathological findings, we have statistically shown that oleuropein may be effective in treatment of allergy rhinitis. Conclusion Oleuropein has been shown to be useful in the treatment of allergic rhinitis in an animal model, but further studies are needed before it is introduced into the medical practice.
Design, synthesis, characterization, in silico studies, and in vitro anticancer evaluation of novel 7-methoxyquinolone-substituted triazole hybrids
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2025) Allito, Lemiye; Cömert Önder, Ferah; Demirel, Ramazan; Önder, Alper; Özden, Özkan; Erdoğan, Musa
Aims The quinolone scaffold is a crucial member of the heterocyclic compound family in modern medicinal chemistry, exhibiting a broad range of biological activities. Since 4-quinolones are known to interact with significant drug targets, and due to the remarkable pharmacological properties of 1,2,3-triazole compounds, a molecular hybridization approach was used to design novel 7-methoxyquinolone-substituted triazole hybrid conjugates (QN1-QN11). Materials and methods These hybrid compounds were evaluated to determine their anticancer activities in various breast and colon cancer cell lines, including BT20, MDA-MB-231, MCF7, and HT29. In addition, the apoptotic-like morphological changes in aggressive MDA-MB-231 cells were observed following treatment with the compounds for 48 hours. In silico studies, including molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, and MM/GBSA calculations, were carried out for the synthesized compounds against important cancer drug targets. Results The highly cytotoxic agents QN10 and QN7 were identified with IC50 values of 4.49 ± 0.68 µM and 19.05 ± 1.58 µM in BT20 and HT29 cell lines, respectively. In addition, the morphologically changes were observed on MDA-MB-231 cells. Conclusions These findings show that the synthesized click products are highly cytotoxic agents in cancer cell lines and may be considered as potential candidates for enzyme inhibition.
New and potential boron-containing compounds for treatment of Alzheimer's disease and cancers
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2025) Cömert Önder, Ferah; Ural, Kadircan; Önder, Alper; Özpolat, Bülent; Ay, Mehmet
Aim In this study, new boron-containing carbamate compounds were synthesized and evaluated as potential acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors by in vitro and in silico analyses. Materials & methods The structures were characterized by spectroscopic analysis including 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 11B NMR, and MS. The purities of the compounds were determined by HPLC analysis. In vitro and in silico analyses were performed. Results Based on our findings, compounds (1–4) demonstrated more potent AChE inhibitory activity compared to tacrine, which is an FDA-approved AChE inhibitor. Compound 4 had the highest inhibitory activity with an IC50 of 37.87 ± 0.96 nM and was more effective than tacrine (74.23 ± 0.83 nM). Compounds 1, 2, and 3, respectively, showed 1.78-, 1.73-, and 1.58-fold more potent enzyme inhibition activity compared to tacrine. The strong interactions with critical residues in the binding pocket of AChE were identified between protein and the compounds. Furthermore, compound 4 exerted an antiproliferative activity against various human cancer cell lines (32.91 ± 4.92 µM in HT29 and 42.38 ± 2.73 µM in MCF-7). Conclusion Our study indicates the discovery of new boron-containing AChE inhibitors as potential candidates for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease and cancer.
Evaluation of serial creatinine measurements with reference change value in gentamicin-treated patients: a new tool in nephrology practice?
(Oxford Univ Press, 2025) Yavuz, Demet; Cinpolat, Havva Yasemin; Kal, Oznur; Erdem, Mukadder; Alkan, Sevil; Demirağ, Mehmet Derya; Aydemir, Nihal
Introduction In this study, we aimed to evaluate serum creatinine levels with reference change value in patients receiving treatment with gentamicin. Methods Serum creatinine levels of patients who received gentamicin were recorded retrospectively before treatment and on the 7th and 14th days after treatment. Analytical coefficient of variation (s/x̄) × 100 (CV) and reference change value were calculated (z = 1.64,; P < .05). The percentage increase in serum creatinine level at day 7 and day 14 compared with before treatment was considered statistically significant if it exceeded the reference change value. Nephrotoxicity was assessed by comparing changes in serum creatinine levels using reference change value and Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria. Results A total of 55 patients with a mean (SD) age of 53 (17) years were included in the study. The reference change value for serum creatinine was calculated as11.9%. The rate of increase in serum creatinine levels showed a statistically significant increase in 45.5% and 63.6% of patients on days 7 and 14, respectively, compared with before treatment, while the increase was statistically significant in 8.2% and 25.5% of patients, respectively, when evaluated by KDIGO criteria. Discussion We believe that it would be in the patient’s best interest for clinicians to include reference change value in clinical nephrology practice alongside known acute kidney failure criteria.
The Impact of Preoperative JJ Stent Diameter on Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery: A RIRSearch Group Study
(Mary Ann Liebert, Inc, 2025) Şahin, Mehmet Fatih; Ozman, Oktay; Teke, Kerem; Şimşekoğlu, Muhammet Fatih; Akgül, Murat; Başatac, Cem; Çınar, Önder; Sıddıkoğlu, Duygu; Sancak, Eyüp Burak
Introduction: A JJ stent placed before retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) may passively dilate the ureter and facilitate ureteral access sheath (UAS) implantation. No studies have examined the significance of preoperative JJ stent diameter, even though numerous studies have shown that UAS insertion is simpler in patients with them. Our study examines the relationship between preoperative ureteral stent caliber and UAS placement and RIRS results. Materials and Methods: A total of 655 patients with known preoperative double-J stent size before RIRS were analyzed. The patients were categorized into two groups based on their preoperative stent diameter (Group 1: 4.8 Fr and Group 2: 6 Fr). Demographic and clinical data of the patients, stone characteristics, surgical data, perioperative and postoperative complications, duration of hospitalization, and stone-free rates (SFRs) were analyzed for comparison. Results: The groups contained 323 and 332 patients. The demographic data of the two groups were similar. There was no statistically significant difference between SFR, UAS insertion rate, hospitalization time, and complications. The success rate of placing a UAS with a higher caliber was statistically significantly higher in those with a 6 Fr JJ stent than in those with a 4.8 Fr stent (P = .001). The operation time was also shorter in the group with a thicker stent (P = .003). Conclusions: Our data suggest that while the preoperative JJ stent diameter does not significantly affect overall UAS insertion success, complication rates, or postoperative stone-free status, using a 6 Fr stent facilitates the placement of larger UAS calibers and may decrease operation time. Consequently, although both stent diameters are efficacious, selecting a 6 Fr stent may provide procedural benefits without jeopardizing safety or results.
Relationship between work-related musculoskeletal symptoms and burnout symptoms among preclinical and clinical dental students: a cross-sectional study
(Bmc, 2025) Sezer, Berkant; Sıddıkoğlu, Duygu
Background The demanding nature of dental education exposes students to a high risk of burnout symptoms, characterized by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment. Similarly, work-related musculoskeletal symptoms are prevalent among dental students, posing significant occupational health challenges. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between work-related musculoskeletal symptoms and burnout symptoms among preclinical and clinical dental students. Methods A total of 248 dental students participated in this cross-sectional study, and a three-part questionnaire was administered. The first section included sociodemographic and health-related questions. The second section utilized the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire, in which participants indicated “yes” or “no” responses regarding the presence of musculoskeletal symptoms in nine specific body regions (neck, shoulders, upper back, elbows, wrists/hands, lower back, hips/thighs, knees, and ankles/feet) over the past 7 days and 12 months. The third section employed the Maslach Burnout Inventory, which assesses three dimensions of burnout: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment. Participants responded to items on a 7-point Likert scale. Relationships between work-related musculoskeletal symptoms and burnout symptoms were analyzed using generalized linear models and linear regression analyses. Results The mean age of the participants was 20.73 ± 1.42 years, and 58.9% were female. Statistically significant relationships were found between emotional exhaustion and neck pain experienced in the past 12 months (B = 3.700, p < 0.001), as well as pain-related incapacity in the lower extremities in the past 12 months (B = 2.584, p = 0.002). Depersonalization was significantly associated with lower extremity pain in the past 12 months (B = 1.620, p = 0.001). Additionally, being a clinical dental students was a significant predictor of emotional exhaustion (B = 2.981, p = 0.007). All presented B coefficient estimates were adjusted for age, sex, clinical education level, and work-related musculoskeletal symptoms-related variables. Conclusions The findings revealed significant associations between clinical education level, neck and lower extremity pain in the past 12 months, pain-related incapacity, and burnout symptoms among dental students. These results suggest that emotional exhaustion and depersonalization in dental students may be influenced by work-related musculoskeletal symptoms.
Enhancing pharmacology education through role-play: impact on student attitudes
(Bmc, 2025) Tekeş, Ender; Güngör, Buket; Sılan, Coşkun; Toraman, Çetin
Background Pharmacology is a cornerstone of medical education, essential for rational prescribing and patient safety. However, students often perceive it as abstract and overwhelming due to its memorization-heavy nature and limited clinical relevance. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a role-play-based clinical pharmacology internship on medical students’ attitudes towards learning the pharmacology course. Methods A mixed-methods interventional design was employed. In the quantitative phase, a one-group pretest-posttest design was used with 97 fifth-year medical students. Participants completed the “Attitude Scale Toward the Pharmacology Course for Medical School Students” before and after a one-week internship focused on rational drug use and structured around role-play activities. Paired sample t-tests were used to assess attitudinal change. In the qualitative phase, semi-structured focus group interviews were conducted with eight students selected based on pre-post changes in attitude scores. Data were analysed using inductive content analysis. Results There was a statistically significant improvement in students’ attitudes following the role-play-based internship (pretest mean = 37.24, posttest mean = 41.15; p < .001), with a large effect size (Cohen’s d = 0.959). Qualitative findings revealed three major themes: (1) pharmacology as difficult but essential, (2) burden of memorization, and (3) the need for clinically relevant, functional learning. Students appreciated the realism and interactivity of role-play, which enhanced their understanding of drug interactions and rational prescribing. However, some still viewed pharmacology as anxiety-provoking and overly burdensome, indicating a need for longitudinal curricular integration. Conclusions Role-play-based clinical pharmacology education significantly improves medical students’ attitudes toward learning pharmacology. Embedding realistic, scenario-based learning within pharmacology curricula may enhance student engagement, promote rational prescribing, and contribute to safer clinical practice. This positive change was supported by a high effect size of Cohen’s d = 0.96, demonstrating the significant educational impact of the intervention.

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