Tarımsal Biyoteknoloji Bölümü Koleksiyonu

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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12428/2740

Listeleniyor 1 - 20 / 21

Evaluation of the opacity and protein quality of maize kernels by image analysis
(Maydica-Ist Sper Cerealicoltur, 2025) Üçkan, Kerem; Şentürk, Nilay; Uydaş, Melike; Kahrıman, Fatih
The protein content and quality in maize significantly influence grain quality, driving global efforts to develop high-protein-quality genotypes. Opacity serves as a key phenotypic selection criterion in these efforts due to its relationship with essential amino acid content. This study investigates the differentiation of opaque maize kernels using computer-aided software and explores the relationship between opacity levels and color spaces (RGB, HSV, Lab). Seed samples from 10 maize genotypes (1000 seeds) with varying opacity levels were imaged on a light table in embryo-up and embryo-down orientations. Particle analysis and thresholding performed in R determined opacity levels and provided numerical data for RGB, HSV, and Lab color spaces. Protein, lysine, and tryptophan contents were analyzed through reference methods. Correlation and regression analyses assessed relationships between opacity levels (visual and image-processed) and biochemical components, and color space channels. Protein content ranged from 6.66% to 11.62%, lysine from 0.266% to 0.450%, and tryptophan from 0.034% to 0.092% among opacity groups. Relationships between visual and image-processed opacity levels showed R2 = 0.57 (embryo-up) and R2 = 0.65 (embryo-down). Notably, channels of the HSV color space correlated with lysine and tryptophan contents. This study demonstrates that image processing effectively evaluates opacity levels and protein quality in maize using color space data, offering a promising tool for phenotypic selection.
Elucidating karyological and agro-morphological characteristics of Vicia cassia boiss. and V. aintabensis Boiss. & Hausskn
(Springer, 2024) Keleş, Hüseyin; Tiryaki, İskender
This study aimed to determine the karyological characteristics, DNA content, and agro-morphological plant characteristics of Vicia cassia Boiss. and Vicia aintabensis Boiss. & Hausskn. collected from natural flora of Turkiye. The results were also compared with those of Vicia sativa. The main stem length, the numbers of main stem branches per plant, the number of leaves of main stem, the number of leaflets per leaf, the number of grains per pod, the pod width and length as well as thousand seed weight characteristics showed significant variation across the species, with the exception of 50% inflorescences (p < 0.4987) and natural plant heights (p < 0.3276). Karyotype formulas of Vicia cassia, V. aintabensis and V. sativa were determined as 2n = 2x = 14 = 3 m + 1t(sat) + 1sm + 2t, 2n = 2x = 14 = 1sm + 4st + 2t, and 2n = 2x = 12 = 5st + 1 m, respectively. The genome size of V. aintabensis (17,227.47 Mbp) was 5.26 and 5.01 times larger than V. cassia (3273.85 Mbp) and V. sativa (3435.22 Mpb), respectively. The importance of the karyomorphological data was also evaluated with the morphological evidences.
Comparative Analysis of Alfalfa Mutants in Response to Drought Stress Applied After First Cutting
(Springer, 2024) Çetin, Selçuk; Tiryaki, İskender; Sarı, Uğur; Acar, Okan
The purpose of this study was to determine the agro-morphological, physiological, and transcriptional characteristics of ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS)-mutagenized M3 alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) mutants grown for 24 days under water deficit conditions following the first cutting at the blooming bud stage. Drought stress generally reduced all agro-morphological parameters measured. Cutting stress significantly reduced total chlorophyll contents of all genotypes, with the exception of mutant X20. Significant changes occurred in the levels of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), lipid peroxidation (TBARS), glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and crude protein levels. Drought stress considerably elevated GR levels in irrigated control (C1) and unirrigated control (C2) plants. In contrast to the other genotypes studied, mutant X20's crude protein level increased significantly after the first cutting under 24 days of water deficit conditions, compared to the level found before cutting. The expression profiles of Medicago truncatula Response to Desiccation 2 (MtRD2) and Medicago sativa proline dehydrogenase (MsProDH) genes differed based on the plant genotype and duration of drought stress. Drought stress increased MsProDH gene expression in X20, X50, and C2 plants by 4.57, 14.8, and 20.65 times, respectively. The findings of the expression study indicated that the MtRD2 gene may play a key role in stress reduction rather than drought stress per se. The results of this study revealed that cutting and drought are two independent stress variables that should be evaluated separately when evaluating genotype response to both irrigated and unirrigated growing environments in alfalfa.
Screening Turkish maize landraces for kernel oil content and oil quality traits
(Cambridge Univ Press, 2020) Kahrıman, Fatih; Aktaş, Fatma; Songur, Umut; Şerment, Mehmet; Egesel, Cem Ömer
In this study, maize landraces, previously collected from different regions of Turkey through a national maize breeding project, were screened for kernel oil content and oil quality. After a seed reproduction in 2017, the screening trial was conducted in 2018, using an Augmented Experimental Design with 192 local maize populations along with seven check hybrids. Data were collected on oil, oleic acid, linoleic acid, monounsaturated (MUFA), polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids, total carotenoid and total tocopherol contents. The results showed that there was a considerable amount of genetic variation among the Turkish maize landraces for almost all the traits investigated in this study. Some of the evaluated landraces are available that could be considered as high oil variety or special genotypes in terms of certain oil quality traits. Landraces had significantly higher values than checks for oil content, oleic acid, MUFA and tocopherol contents. Genetic analyses suggest that the kernel quality traits could be successfully manipulated using the investigated plant material. Heritability values were found high for all the traits of interest, except for saturated fatty acid and total carotenoid content. The promising landraces detected in this study could be exploited in future breeding programmes upon further evaluations at the population level.
Sequence-related amplified polymorphism and inter-simple sequence repeat marker-based genetic diversity and nuclear DNA content variation in common vetch (Vicia sativa L.)
(Cambridge Univ Press, 2016) Çil, Abdullah; Tiryaki, İskender
Genetic diversity of 30 common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) lines and cultivars obtained from various resources or collected from natural flora of Turkey was evaluated by using 55 sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) and five inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) primer sets, and their nuclear DNA contents were determined by flow cytometer. A total of 188 polymorphic loci were detected, with an average of 3.62 loci per primer. The percentage of polymorphic loci was 82.1%. The polymorphism information content values ranged from 0.12 to 0.96, with an average of 0.63. The genetic distance coefficients were in the range of 0.112-0.627. Cluster analysis revealed that the 27 lines and three cultivars could be divided into two main groups. No polyploidy was detected within any vetch lines tested while significant (P<0.0001) nuclear DNA content differences were determined. The present study revealed that fast and accurate fingerprinting analysis could be done using SRAP and ISSR markers, which indicated existing significant variation among common vetch lines and cultivars.
Insecticidal Effect of Some Essential Oils on Larval Survival of Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Laboratory Conditions
(Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniv Rektörlüğü, 2024) Yandayan Genç, Hanife; Saran, Ceren; Akçura, Sevim
The Mediterranean fruit fly, medfly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is a serious pest of many fruits and vegetables. This study was conducted to determine the antifeeding and insecticidal activities of some essential oils extracted from Pelargonium graveolens (Geraniaceae), geranium, and Lavandula intermedia Mill. (Lamiaceae), lavender, Nigella sativa L. (Ranunculaceae) black cumin, and Laurus nobilis L. (Lauraceae), laurel, against second instars of the Medfly on an artificial diet. The essential oils were obtained by Clevenger-type water distillation and a laboratory-reared medfly colony was used in the study. The doses of each tested essential oil were determined by multiplying their specific gravities by applying amounts into the diet and then distributing oil over the diet in a Petri dish having 20 larvae. All experiments were performed under laboratory conditions of 23 +/- 1 degrees C, 50% RH, and 16: 8 (L:D) photoperiods. Probit MsChart was used to estimate the LC50 50 and LC90 90 values of the tested essential oils. GGE Biplot analyses were created with the larval mortality based on the different essential oil doses. As a result, the highest larval mortality was determined with the addition of laurel and black cumin oils into the diet. The highest mortality was detected in black cumin oil at the lowest concentrations. Based on GGE Biplot analyses, the essential oil of black cumin had larvicidal properties. The results provided fundamental information about the insecticidal and antifeeding properties of the medfly in the laboratory. Further studies are needed to integrate sustainable management programs with natural insecticides against the medfly larvae.
The Effect of 24-Epibrassinolide Treatments at Different Concentrations on Some Growth Parameters and Crocin Level in Saffron (Crocus sativus L.)
(Pamukkale University, 2020) Surgun Acar, Yonca
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are steroid phyotohormones that play roles in plant growth, secondary metabolite accumulation, stress response, and adaptation. Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) is an important plant with significant pharmacological effects due to its rich phytochemical content. Crocin, the main pigment of the saffron stigma, is a natural food colorant and has anti-cancer activity. In this study, the effects of 24-Epibrassinolide (EBL) at different concentrations (10-6, 10-7, 10-8 and 10-9 M) on corm (mother corm) and aerial part related parameters as well as the level of crocin in saffron were investigated. The experiment was conducted in a plant growth cabinet as randomized plots design with 3 replications. 24-Epibrassinolide treatments did not affect the rates of shoot emergence from saffron corms, while 10-8 and 10-9 M EBL treatments increased the number of active nodium and cormlet (daughter corm) as compared to control. All the applied EBL concentrations significantly increased the root and shoot lengths of saffron plants. The maximum number of flowers per plant was observed as a result of the 10-8 M EBL treatment. Exogenous treatment of 10-9 M EBL enhanced the crocin level by 96.0% compared to the control. This is the first study to evaluate the effects of BRs in saffron. © IJSM 2020.
Tuz stresi altındaki pamukta (Gossypium hirsutum L.) 24-epibrassinolid’in etkinliği
(Ege Üniversitesi, 2024) Altunlu, Hakan; Surgun Acar, Yonca; Altan, Filiz; Tuna, Atilla Levent; Bürün, Betül
Amaç: Üç pamuk (Gossypium hirsutum L.) çeşidinde (Nazilli 84-S, Carmen, Beyaz Altın-119) NaCl stresine karşı 24-epibrassinolid (EBR) uygulamasının etkisi araştırılmıştır. Materyal ve Yöntem: Pamuk tohumları 3 µM EBR çözeltisi ile 24 saat muamele edildikten sonra saksılara ekilmiş ve 75, 150 mM NaCl içeren Hoagland besin çözeltisiyle sulanmıştır. Çiçeklenme dönemi başlangıcında hasat edilen bitkilerde kuru ağırlık, membran geçirgenliği, stoma yoğunluğu, nispi su kapsamı, antioksidatif enzim aktiviteleri, fotosentetik pigment ve DNA kapsamları belirlenmiştir. Araştırma Bulguları: EBR uygulaması bitkilerin kuru ağırlıkları, nisbi su kapsamı ve stoma yoğunluğunda meydana gelen düşüşü azaltmıştır. Her üç çeşitte de tuz konsantrasyonunun artması ile membran geçirgenliği artmış, ancak bu artış EBR uygulaması ile azalmıştır. NaCl uygulaması ile antioksidatif enzim aktiviteleri (SOD ve POD) önemli oranda artmıştır. NaCl uygulaması stoma-kilit hücre sayısı, pigment kapsamlarını ve DNA içeriğini azaltmış ancak bu azalma EBR uygulaması ile hafifletilmiştir. Sonuç: Bu sonuçlar, pamuk çeşitlerinde tuza bağlı olarak antioksidatif enzim aktivitesinde artışı göstermekte ve EBR’nin tuz stresi altındaki pamuk bitkisinde su potansiyeli ve membran bütünlüğünün korunmasına yardımcı olarak stresi hafifletici etkilerini ortaya koymaktadır.
Assessment of Protein Quantity and Quality of Turkish Maize Landraces with Different Opacity Levels
(Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, 2024) Baytekin Karaoğlu, Gülhan; Songur, Umut; Çiğdem, Esra; Şimşek, Gökalp; Kahrıman, Fatih
Protein ratio and amino acid composition vary considerably in maize according to the level of opacity. In this study, the total protein content, amounts of some essential amino acids (lysine and tryptophan) and quantitative and qualitative variation of protein fractions in maize seed samples separated according to different opacity levels were investigated. In the study, 6 local maize landraces with opaque kernel structure and 3 standards were used. The field trial was carried out in 2021 according to the complete blocks trial design with 3 replications. Samples of local maize landraces from the field experiment were separated on a light table according to 5 different opacity levels (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%). Protein content, lysine and tryptophan contents, albumin + globulin, glutelin and zein contents were analyzed in the samples separated by their opacity. In addition, protein fractions were subjected to SDS-PAGE analysis and the changes in protein bands according to opacity level were examined. Differences between genotypes, opacity levels and their interaction were illustrated with box plot and PCA-Biplots. Two-way dendrograms were created for qualitative discrimination. The results of the study showed that there were significant changes in protein amount and quality according to the opacity levels of the genotypes. The protein contents of the genotypes were 5.95–10.22%, lysine contents 0.33–0.46%, tryptophan contents 0.032–0.083%, albumin + glubulin contents 1.92–2.72%, glutelin contents 0.64–1.08%, and zein contents 1.59–1.99%. There was a significant difference in presence or absence according to the opacity levels in the protein fractions.
Genetic diversity of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) populations in Türkiye
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2024) Saran, Ceren; Yandayan Genç, Hanife
Background: Diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), is an important worldwide pest of plants belonging to the Brassicaceae family. In this study, we investigated genetic diversity of DBM populations in Brassicaceae production areas in Türkiye using the partial mtDNA CO1 gene region. Methods: We determined 43 samples from 11 different populations for haplotype variations using the partial mitochondrial DNA sequences a 684 bp fragment of the CO1 gene. Results: The results indicated that, the average haplotype diversity (Hd) was determined as 0.962 and nucleotide diversity (π) was determined as 0.557%. In neutrality tests, negative values were obtained in Tajima’s D and Fu’ Fs tests (Fu’ Fs=-0.40, Tajima’s D=-0.01). Tajima’s D test was not found significant (p > 0.05). Fst value among DBM population estimates ranged from 0 to 0.631. Barcode gap distance was determined as 1.6%, but the intraspecies of genetic distance were found to be 0.15%. Conclusion: In conclusion, the presented study provided detailed and fundamental information about the genetic diversity of DBM populations in Türkiye. Further studies are needed to develop alternative pest management strategies for DBM populations integrating genetic approaches.
Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of Na+/H+ antiporter (NHX) genes in tomato under salt stress
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2023) Çavuşoğlu, Erman; Sarı, Uğur; Tiryaki, İskender
Plant Na+/H+ antiporter (NHX) genes enhance salt tolerance by preventing excessive Na+ accumulation in the cytosol through partitioning of Na+ ions into vacuoles or extracellular transport across the plasma membrane. However, there is limited detailed information regarding the salt stress responsive SlNHXs in the most recent tomato genome. We investigated the role of this gene family's expression patterns in the open flower tissues under salt shock in Solanum lycopersicum using a genome-wide approach. A total of seven putative SlNHX genes located on chromosomes 1, 4, 6, and 10 were identified, but no ortholog of the NHX5 gene was identified in the tomato genome. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that these genes are divided into three different groups. SlNHX proteins with 10–12 transmembrane domains were hypothetically localized in vacuoles or cell membranes. Promoter analysis revealed that SlNHX6 and SlNHX8 are involved with the stress-related MeJA hormone in response to salt stress signaling. The structural motif analysis of SlNHX1, −2, −3, −4, and −6 proteins showed that they have highly conserved amiloride binding sites. The protein–protein network revealed that SlNHX7 and SlNHX8 interact physically with Salt Overly Sensitive (SOS) pathway proteins. Transcriptome analysis demonstrated that the SlNHX2 and SlNHX6 genes were substantially expressed in the open flower tissues. Moreover, quantitative PCR analysis indicated that all SlNHX genes, particularly SlNHX6 and SlNHX8, are significantly upregulated by salt shock in the open flower tissues. Our results provide an updated framework for future genetic research and development of breeding strategies against salt stress in the tomato.
Estimation of arsenic-induced genotoxicity in melon (Cucumis melo) by using RAPD-PCR and comet assays
(Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden "Jevremovac", University of Belgrade, 2021) Surgun-Acar, Yonca
In this study, arsenic (As)-induced genotoxicity in the roots and shoots of Cucumis melo (melon) seedlings were investigated by using the random amplified polymorphic DNA - polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) and comet assays. For this purpose, melon seedlings were exposed to arsenate [As(V)] at 0, 100, 200, 300, and 400 μM concentrations in the hydroponic system for 14 days to examine the level of As accumulation, alterations in growth parameters, and DNA damage. A reduction in growth with increasing As(V) concentration was observed in the melon seedlings. Total As accumulations in the shoot and root tissue increased in a dose-dependent manner; however, the level was higher in the roots than the shoots. In RAPD-PCR analysis, 26 primers gave reproducible and scorable results and produced a total of 128 bands in the control seedlings. Alterations in RAPD profiles, including the loss or appearance of new bands, were determined in the As-treated seedlings when compared to the control. The values of genomic template stability (GTS) were decreased by increasing the concentration of the As(V) in both tissue types. DNA strand breaks were observed in all the tested As(V) concentrations in the alkaline comet assay; furthermore, the loss of DNA integrity was higher with 300 and 400 μM As(V) treatments. The results clearly indicate that the combination of DNA-based molecular and cytogenetic techniques (e.g. the comet assay) may be proposed as a reliable evaluation of genotoxicity in plants after exposure to heavy metal pollution.
Implementing local entomopathogenic nematodes to control Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann, 1824) (Diptera: Tephritidae)
(Entomological Society of Turkey, 2021) Gözel, Çiğdem; Genç, Hanife
The Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann, 1824) (Diptera: Tephritidae), is one of the world’s most destructive fruit pests. Ceratitis capitata pupates in the soil, making it a target of many soilborne pathogens like entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs). Entomopathogenic nematodes are highly lethal to many important pests, safe to non-target organisms and they might be good alternatives for control of C. capitata. In this study, the efficacy of four local EPN species; Steinernema affine Bovien, 1937, Steinernema carpocapsae Weiser, 1955, Steinernema feltiae Filipjev, 1934 (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar, 1976 (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) against the third instar larvae and pupae of C. capitata were evaluated. The study was conducted in 2019-2020 both in the laboratory (in plastic cups) and in a climate room (in wooden cages with plastic pots) at doses of 100 and 200 IJs/larva-pupa and 7,650 and 15,300 IJs/pot, respectively. Larvae of C. capitata were found more susceptible to EPNs than pupae in the study. Steinernema feltiae isolate 113 and H. bacteriophora isolate 12 showed the highest efficacy while S. affine isolate 47 showed the least efficacy against the pest larvae and pupae. Suppression of C. capitata population by EPNs indicates that these EPNs can be considered as a biological control agent potentially useful for the control of this pest. After further support by field studies, these two local EPN isolates could be used as promising ecofriendly biological agents against C. capitata.
Exogenous Application of 24-Epibrassinolide Improves Manganese Tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana L. via the Modulation of Antioxidant System
(Springer, 2022) Surgun-Acar, Yonca; Zemheri-Navruz, Fahriye
The goal of the present study was to investigate the role of 24-Epibrassinolide (EBL) hormone in supporting adaptation of plant to manganese (Mn) stress. For this purpose, changes in antioxidant system and stress-related gene expression were determined in rosette leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana following 24-h exposure to Mn (0.5 and 1.0 mM) and/or EBL (1 µM). Decreased chlorophyll level in the rosette leaves of seedlings due to Mn stress increased consequent to exogeneous EBL application. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) enzyme activities alongside transcript level of copper/zinc superoxide dismutase 1 (CSD1), copper/zinc superoxide dismutase 2 (CSD2), copper/zinc superoxide dismutase 3 (CSD3), Fe superoxide dismutase 2 (FSD2), Fe superoxide dismutase 3 (FSD3), and catalase 2 (CAT2) genes were found to increase depending on Mn concentration; however, co-exposure of EBL and Mn led to a further improvement in enzyme activities and gene expressions (except CSD1 and CSD2 genes). The mRNA level of Fe superoxide dismutase 1 (FSD1) gene was downregulated following Mn and/or EBL treatments. Exogenous treatment of EBL improved the total antioxidant and proline level, while it decreased the lipid peroxidation under Mn stress. EBL treatment upregulated transcript level of delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase 1 (P5CS1) and delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase 2 (P5CS2) genes in seedlings treated with Mn. Co-treatment of Mn and EBL enhanced expression level of A. thaliana detoxification 1 (AtDTX1) and A. thaliana detoxification 3 (AtDTX3) genes when compared to the seedlings treated with Mn. Biochemical and molecular results from the current study revealed that EBL regulates antioxidant system in a coordinated manner under A. thaliana Mn stress.
Assessment of genetic diversity of Turkish maize landraces for phytic acid and total phenolic contents
(Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, 2021) Kahrıman, Fatih; Aktaş, Fatma; Pınar, Gülizar; Songur, Umut; Egesel, Cem Ömer
The breeding studies targeted to develop high yielding varieties in maize have led to a decrease in genetic variation in secondary biochemical components. Local maize landraces are important genetic sources for these components. The objective of this study was to examine the genetic variation for phytic acid and total phenolic compounds within 192 Turkish maize landraces. The plant material was grown during the summer season of 2017 in Çanakkale, with the inclusion of 7 check hybrids. The field trial used an Augmented Experimental Design, with 6 blocks, each one containing 32 landraces and 7 check hybrids. Phytic acid and total phenolics were detected spectrophotometrically in the seeds of landraces propagated by bulk pollination. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and some genetic estimations (coefficients of variation, heritability, genetic advance) were calculated for the observed traits. Results of data analysis suggest that there is a considerable genetic variation among the investigated genetic materials. The phytic acid content was found between 0.82–4.87 mg g-1 and the total phenolic content was between 0.03–1.99%. For both traits, genetic variation in local maize landraces was observed to be wider than check varieties. The promising materials among landraces may have potential use in the future breeding programs for manipulating the levels of phytic acid and phenolic compounds. According to the calculations made for the inheritance of the traits, it was determined that the heritability in phytic acid content was higher (56.2%) than those for the total phenolics. Genetic gain calculations showed that genetic improvement can be achieved by selection for both investigated traits.
Physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses of wheat seedlings to salinity and plant-derived smoke
(Elsevier, 2021) Çatav, Şükrü Serter; Surgun-Acar, Yonca; Zemheri-Navruz, Fahriye
There is great interest in developing strategies to reduce the detrimental effects of salinity on plant growth and crop yield. Plant-derived smoke containing many promotive and inhibitory compounds is known to influence seed germination and plant growth in a concentration-dependent manner. It has been suggested that smoke can also alleviate abiotic stress-induced growth inhibition in several plants. However, there is still a lack of comprehensive knowledge regarding smoke-mediated biochemical and molecular changes in plants grown under stress conditions. Here we show that smoke regulates the expression of some genes encoding transcription factors and antioxidant enzymes in wheat seedlings subjected to salt stress (150 mM NaCl). We found that smoke-water (0.1%) increased the expression levels of TaDREB1, TaWRKY2, TaWRKY19, CAT, and Cu/Zn-SOD in salt-treated seedlings. Smoke-water also enhanced the transcription of TaWRKY19 and Cu/Zn- SOD genes under normal growth conditions. In addition, smoke was found to modulate physiological responses of wheat seedlings to salinity. The results demonstrate that smoke-water increases total phenolic content and free radical scavenging activity under salt stress but it leads to a significant decrease in proline accumulation. In conclusion, the current study reveals that smoke, although not having a remarkable effect on growth at the concentration tested, can affect physiological, biochemical, and molecular processes in wheat seedlings exposed to short-term salt stress. Our data also indicate the need for long-term field experi- ments for a better understanding of the effect of smoke on plant growth in the presence of salinity.
Determination of Coefficients and Biomass Potential for Pruning Residuals in Some Olive Varieties
(Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi, 2021) Çiçek, Gıyasettin; Sümer, Sarp Korkut; Egesel, Cem Ömer; Say, Sait Muharrem; Aydın, Arda
As a result of pruning operations in olive orchards, large amounts of biomass material are produced every year. In this study, it was aimed to determine the pruning residual coefficients in olive varieties grown in Southern Marmara Region of Turkey. Amount of pruning residuals and its energy potential due to olive cultivation of the region was determined.. The coefficients were compared with the values obtained from different countries. Possible uses of the residual biomass were also investigated. The study material consisted of young (0-25 years), full-yield (25-50 years) and old (over 50 years) trees of Ayvalık, Gemlik and Domat, widely grown olive varieties in the Southern Marmara Region. The experiment used a randomized plot design sampling 5 trees for each age and variety. The average coefficients of determination for pruning residues were calculated as 33.62 kg tree1year-1 and 5668.63 kg ha-1year-1. Energy potential from pruning residues were determined to be 5.16 PJ for Southern Marmara Development Region.
Assessment of Thinopyrum ponticum (Podp.) Barkworth & D. R. Dewey accessions using universal rice primers and molecular cytogenetics
(Springer, 2021) Tiryaki, İskender; Baytekin Karaoğlu, Gülhan; Yücel, Gülru; Tuna, Metin
The aim of this study was to make morphological and molecular characterization of tall wheatgrass (Thinopyrum ponticum) accessions naturally found in Canakkale flora, Turkey. The seeds collected from 24 different locations in Canakkale vicinity were planted in the nursery field to determine thirteen morphological parameters. Twelve universal rice primers (URPs) were used to reveal genetic relationship among the accessions while ploidy analysis was done based on the nuclear DNA content of plants determined by Flow cytometer. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) method was used to determine 5S and 45S rDNA distributions on mitotic chromosomes. The agro-morphological data showed significant variation among the accessions for all parameters measured, except the number of nodes per plant. Twelve URP primers produced 73 alleles in total and 63 of those were polymorphic. The highest polymorphism information content value was obtained from URP 17R with 0.82. The first three components of Eigen values in PCA analysis explained 41.1% of total variation. The 2C nuclear DNA contents of the accessions ranged from 41.17 to 45.49 pg. All the accessions were determined as decaploid with 2n = 70 chromosomes. FISH analysis provided 18-20 interstial 5S rDNA and 12-14 terminal 45S rDNA loci. The results concluded that tall wheatgrass accessions used in this study contain a significant variation in morphological traits and PCR-based DNA polymorphism which could be used as a new genetic resource in breeding programs of tall wheatgrass and wheat improvement for intra- and intergeneric crosses.
Domates Yaprak Güvesi Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) ‘nin Farklı Biyolojik Dönemlerinde Protein İçeriği ve Protein Fraksiyonlarındaki Değişimin İncelenmesi
(Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, 2017-08-01) Genç, Hanife; Kuyulu, Akın; Kahrıman, Fatih
Domates yaprak güvesi, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) son yıllarda ülkemizde domatesin en önemli zararlılarından birisi haline gelmiştir. Bu araştırmada, domates yaprak güvesinin larva, pupa, ergin gibi farklı biyolojik dönemlerindeki protein içeriği ve protein fraksiyonlarındaki değişim incelenmiştir. Örnekler, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, Böcek Moleküler Biyolojisi Laboratuvarı’nda 4 yıldır devamlı olarak yetiştirilen laboratuvar kolonisinden elde edilmiştir. Farklı biyolojik dönemlerdeki örneklerin protein içerikleri Bradford yöntemi kullanılarak tespit edilmiştir. Protein fraksiyonlarının ayrımı, %12’lik Sodyum Dodecyl Sulphate Poliakrilamid Jel (SDS-PAGE) ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda, domates yaprak güvesinin farklı biyolojik dönemlerindeki protein içeriğinin önemli şekilde değiştiği belirlenmiştir. En yüksek protein miktarı %9.41 ile ergin erkek bireylerde belirlenirken, en düşük protein miktarı %5.19 ile II. dönem larvalarda tespit edilmiştir. SDS-PAGE analizi sonucunda elde edilen jel görüntüsünden, boyutlara ayrılan protein fraksiyonlarının moleküler ağırlıkları yaklaşık 49 kDa ile 265 kDa arasında değiştiği saptanmıştır. Tespit edilen bantlar arasında 69 kDa moleküler ağırlığa sahip bant tüm biyolojik dönemlerde belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonuçları doğrultusunda, domates yaprak güvesinin farklı biyolojik dönemlerinin, farklı protein içeriklerine sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Çanakkale’de Gladiolus grandiflorus (Iridaceae) üzerinde Helicoverpa armigera Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuide) ‘nın Gözlenmesi
(Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, 2017-08-01) Genç, Hanife; Yücel, Seda; Akçal, Arda
Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), the cotton bollworm, is the serious and commonly known pest in agricultural areas in the world. In this study, H. armigera was reared at 23±2°C, 65% RH and 16:8 h L:D in the laboratory on leaves and flowers of Gladiolus grandiflorus. The eggs were laid singly on the upperside of the G. grandiflorus leaves. There were 5 larval stages based on molts and head capsule measurements. The development of larvae was completed in an average of 16.75 ± 4.13 days and the survival rate was 64.1%. In this study, developmental period of larval stages, adult fecundity and pupal sex differentiation were determined on the ornamental host of the pest.

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