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Öğe Genetic diversity of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) populations in Türkiye(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2024) Saran, Ceren; Yandayan Genç, HanifeBackground: Diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), is an important worldwide pest of plants belonging to the Brassicaceae family. In this study, we investigated genetic diversity of DBM populations in Brassicaceae production areas in Türkiye using the partial mtDNA CO1 gene region. Methods: We determined 43 samples from 11 different populations for haplotype variations using the partial mitochondrial DNA sequences a 684 bp fragment of the CO1 gene. Results: The results indicated that, the average haplotype diversity (Hd) was determined as 0.962 and nucleotide diversity (π) was determined as 0.557%. In neutrality tests, negative values were obtained in Tajima’s D and Fu’ Fs tests (Fu’ Fs=-0.40, Tajima’s D=-0.01). Tajima’s D test was not found significant (p > 0.05). Fst value among DBM population estimates ranged from 0 to 0.631. Barcode gap distance was determined as 1.6%, but the intraspecies of genetic distance were found to be 0.15%. Conclusion: In conclusion, the presented study provided detailed and fundamental information about the genetic diversity of DBM populations in Türkiye. Further studies are needed to develop alternative pest management strategies for DBM populations integrating genetic approaches.Öğe Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of Na+/H+ antiporter (NHX) genes in tomato under salt stress(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2023) Çavuşoğlu, Erman; Sarı, Uğur; Tiryaki, İskenderPlant Na+/H+ antiporter (NHX) genes enhance salt tolerance by preventing excessive Na+ accumulation in the cytosol through partitioning of Na+ ions into vacuoles or extracellular transport across the plasma membrane. However, there is limited detailed information regarding the salt stress responsive SlNHXs in the most recent tomato genome. We investigated the role of this gene family's expression patterns in the open flower tissues under salt shock in Solanum lycopersicum using a genome-wide approach. A total of seven putative SlNHX genes located on chromosomes 1, 4, 6, and 10 were identified, but no ortholog of the NHX5 gene was identified in the tomato genome. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that these genes are divided into three different groups. SlNHX proteins with 10–12 transmembrane domains were hypothetically localized in vacuoles or cell membranes. Promoter analysis revealed that SlNHX6 and SlNHX8 are involved with the stress-related MeJA hormone in response to salt stress signaling. The structural motif analysis of SlNHX1, −2, −3, −4, and −6 proteins showed that they have highly conserved amiloride binding sites. The protein–protein network revealed that SlNHX7 and SlNHX8 interact physically with Salt Overly Sensitive (SOS) pathway proteins. Transcriptome analysis demonstrated that the SlNHX2 and SlNHX6 genes were substantially expressed in the open flower tissues. Moreover, quantitative PCR analysis indicated that all SlNHX genes, particularly SlNHX6 and SlNHX8, are significantly upregulated by salt shock in the open flower tissues. Our results provide an updated framework for future genetic research and development of breeding strategies against salt stress in the tomato.Öğe Estimation of arsenic-induced genotoxicity in melon (Cucumis melo) by using RAPD-PCR and comet assays(Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden "Jevremovac", University of Belgrade, 2021) Surgun-Acar, YoncaIn this study, arsenic (As)-induced genotoxicity in the roots and shoots of Cucumis melo (melon) seedlings were investigated by using the random amplified polymorphic DNA - polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) and comet assays. For this purpose, melon seedlings were exposed to arsenate [As(V)] at 0, 100, 200, 300, and 400 μM concentrations in the hydroponic system for 14 days to examine the level of As accumulation, alterations in growth parameters, and DNA damage. A reduction in growth with increasing As(V) concentration was observed in the melon seedlings. Total As accumulations in the shoot and root tissue increased in a dose-dependent manner; however, the level was higher in the roots than the shoots. In RAPD-PCR analysis, 26 primers gave reproducible and scorable results and produced a total of 128 bands in the control seedlings. Alterations in RAPD profiles, including the loss or appearance of new bands, were determined in the As-treated seedlings when compared to the control. The values of genomic template stability (GTS) were decreased by increasing the concentration of the As(V) in both tissue types. DNA strand breaks were observed in all the tested As(V) concentrations in the alkaline comet assay; furthermore, the loss of DNA integrity was higher with 300 and 400 μM As(V) treatments. The results clearly indicate that the combination of DNA-based molecular and cytogenetic techniques (e.g. the comet assay) may be proposed as a reliable evaluation of genotoxicity in plants after exposure to heavy metal pollution.Öğe Implementing local entomopathogenic nematodes to control Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann, 1824) (Diptera: Tephritidae)(Entomological Society of Turkey, 2021) Gözel, Çiğdem; Genç, HanifeThe Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann, 1824) (Diptera: Tephritidae), is one of the world’s most destructive fruit pests. Ceratitis capitata pupates in the soil, making it a target of many soilborne pathogens like entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs). Entomopathogenic nematodes are highly lethal to many important pests, safe to non-target organisms and they might be good alternatives for control of C. capitata. In this study, the efficacy of four local EPN species; Steinernema affine Bovien, 1937, Steinernema carpocapsae Weiser, 1955, Steinernema feltiae Filipjev, 1934 (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar, 1976 (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) against the third instar larvae and pupae of C. capitata were evaluated. The study was conducted in 2019-2020 both in the laboratory (in plastic cups) and in a climate room (in wooden cages with plastic pots) at doses of 100 and 200 IJs/larva-pupa and 7,650 and 15,300 IJs/pot, respectively. Larvae of C. capitata were found more susceptible to EPNs than pupae in the study. Steinernema feltiae isolate 113 and H. bacteriophora isolate 12 showed the highest efficacy while S. affine isolate 47 showed the least efficacy against the pest larvae and pupae. Suppression of C. capitata population by EPNs indicates that these EPNs can be considered as a biological control agent potentially useful for the control of this pest. After further support by field studies, these two local EPN isolates could be used as promising ecofriendly biological agents against C. capitata.Öğe Exogenous Application of 24-Epibrassinolide Improves Manganese Tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana L. via the Modulation of Antioxidant System(Springer, 2022) Surgun-Acar, Yonca; Zemheri-Navruz, FahriyeThe goal of the present study was to investigate the role of 24-Epibrassinolide (EBL) hormone in supporting adaptation of plant to manganese (Mn) stress. For this purpose, changes in antioxidant system and stress-related gene expression were determined in rosette leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana following 24-h exposure to Mn (0.5 and 1.0 mM) and/or EBL (1 µM). Decreased chlorophyll level in the rosette leaves of seedlings due to Mn stress increased consequent to exogeneous EBL application. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) enzyme activities alongside transcript level of copper/zinc superoxide dismutase 1 (CSD1), copper/zinc superoxide dismutase 2 (CSD2), copper/zinc superoxide dismutase 3 (CSD3), Fe superoxide dismutase 2 (FSD2), Fe superoxide dismutase 3 (FSD3), and catalase 2 (CAT2) genes were found to increase depending on Mn concentration; however, co-exposure of EBL and Mn led to a further improvement in enzyme activities and gene expressions (except CSD1 and CSD2 genes). The mRNA level of Fe superoxide dismutase 1 (FSD1) gene was downregulated following Mn and/or EBL treatments. Exogenous treatment of EBL improved the total antioxidant and proline level, while it decreased the lipid peroxidation under Mn stress. EBL treatment upregulated transcript level of delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase 1 (P5CS1) and delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase 2 (P5CS2) genes in seedlings treated with Mn. Co-treatment of Mn and EBL enhanced expression level of A. thaliana detoxification 1 (AtDTX1) and A. thaliana detoxification 3 (AtDTX3) genes when compared to the seedlings treated with Mn. Biochemical and molecular results from the current study revealed that EBL regulates antioxidant system in a coordinated manner under A. thaliana Mn stress.Öğe Assessment of genetic diversity of Turkish maize landraces for phytic acid and total phenolic contents(Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, 2021) Kahrıman, Fatih; Aktaş, Fatma; Pınar, Gülizar; Songur, Umut; Egesel, Cem ÖmerThe breeding studies targeted to develop high yielding varieties in maize have led to a decrease in genetic variation in secondary biochemical components. Local maize landraces are important genetic sources for these components. The objective of this study was to examine the genetic variation for phytic acid and total phenolic compounds within 192 Turkish maize landraces. The plant material was grown during the summer season of 2017 in Çanakkale, with the inclusion of 7 check hybrids. The field trial used an Augmented Experimental Design, with 6 blocks, each one containing 32 landraces and 7 check hybrids. Phytic acid and total phenolics were detected spectrophotometrically in the seeds of landraces propagated by bulk pollination. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and some genetic estimations (coefficients of variation, heritability, genetic advance) were calculated for the observed traits. Results of data analysis suggest that there is a considerable genetic variation among the investigated genetic materials. The phytic acid content was found between 0.82–4.87 mg g-1 and the total phenolic content was between 0.03–1.99%. For both traits, genetic variation in local maize landraces was observed to be wider than check varieties. The promising materials among landraces may have potential use in the future breeding programs for manipulating the levels of phytic acid and phenolic compounds. According to the calculations made for the inheritance of the traits, it was determined that the heritability in phytic acid content was higher (56.2%) than those for the total phenolics. Genetic gain calculations showed that genetic improvement can be achieved by selection for both investigated traits.Öğe Physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses of wheat seedlings to salinity and plant-derived smoke(Elsevier, 2021) Çatav, Şükrü Serter; Surgun-Acar, Yonca; Zemheri-Navruz, FahriyeThere is great interest in developing strategies to reduce the detrimental effects of salinity on plant growth and crop yield. Plant-derived smoke containing many promotive and inhibitory compounds is known to influence seed germination and plant growth in a concentration-dependent manner. It has been suggested that smoke can also alleviate abiotic stress-induced growth inhibition in several plants. However, there is still a lack of comprehensive knowledge regarding smoke-mediated biochemical and molecular changes in plants grown under stress conditions. Here we show that smoke regulates the expression of some genes encoding transcription factors and antioxidant enzymes in wheat seedlings subjected to salt stress (150 mM NaCl). We found that smoke-water (0.1%) increased the expression levels of TaDREB1, TaWRKY2, TaWRKY19, CAT, and Cu/Zn-SOD in salt-treated seedlings. Smoke-water also enhanced the transcription of TaWRKY19 and Cu/Zn- SOD genes under normal growth conditions. In addition, smoke was found to modulate physiological responses of wheat seedlings to salinity. The results demonstrate that smoke-water increases total phenolic content and free radical scavenging activity under salt stress but it leads to a significant decrease in proline accumulation. In conclusion, the current study reveals that smoke, although not having a remarkable effect on growth at the concentration tested, can affect physiological, biochemical, and molecular processes in wheat seedlings exposed to short-term salt stress. Our data also indicate the need for long-term field experi- ments for a better understanding of the effect of smoke on plant growth in the presence of salinity.Öğe Determination of Coefficients and Biomass Potential for Pruning Residuals in Some Olive Varieties(Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi, 2021) Çiçek, Gıyasettin; Sümer, Sarp Korkut; Egesel, Cem Ömer; Say, Sait Muharrem; Aydın, ArdaAs a result of pruning operations in olive orchards, large amounts of biomass material are produced every year. In this study, it was aimed to determine the pruning residual coefficients in olive varieties grown in Southern Marmara Region of Turkey. Amount of pruning residuals and its energy potential due to olive cultivation of the region was determined.. The coefficients were compared with the values obtained from different countries. Possible uses of the residual biomass were also investigated. The study material consisted of young (0-25 years), full-yield (25-50 years) and old (over 50 years) trees of Ayvalık, Gemlik and Domat, widely grown olive varieties in the Southern Marmara Region. The experiment used a randomized plot design sampling 5 trees for each age and variety. The average coefficients of determination for pruning residues were calculated as 33.62 kg tree1year-1 and 5668.63 kg ha-1year-1. Energy potential from pruning residues were determined to be 5.16 PJ for Southern Marmara Development Region.Öğe Assessment of Thinopyrum ponticum (Podp.) Barkworth & D. R. Dewey accessions using universal rice primers and molecular cytogenetics(Springer, 2021) Tiryaki, İskender; Baytekin Karaoğlu, Gülhan; Yücel, Gülru; Tuna, MetinThe aim of this study was to make morphological and molecular characterization of tall wheatgrass (Thinopyrum ponticum) accessions naturally found in Canakkale flora, Turkey. The seeds collected from 24 different locations in Canakkale vicinity were planted in the nursery field to determine thirteen morphological parameters. Twelve universal rice primers (URPs) were used to reveal genetic relationship among the accessions while ploidy analysis was done based on the nuclear DNA content of plants determined by Flow cytometer. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) method was used to determine 5S and 45S rDNA distributions on mitotic chromosomes. The agro-morphological data showed significant variation among the accessions for all parameters measured, except the number of nodes per plant. Twelve URP primers produced 73 alleles in total and 63 of those were polymorphic. The highest polymorphism information content value was obtained from URP 17R with 0.82. The first three components of Eigen values in PCA analysis explained 41.1% of total variation. The 2C nuclear DNA contents of the accessions ranged from 41.17 to 45.49 pg. All the accessions were determined as decaploid with 2n = 70 chromosomes. FISH analysis provided 18-20 interstial 5S rDNA and 12-14 terminal 45S rDNA loci. The results concluded that tall wheatgrass accessions used in this study contain a significant variation in morphological traits and PCR-based DNA polymorphism which could be used as a new genetic resource in breeding programs of tall wheatgrass and wheat improvement for intra- and intergeneric crosses.Öğe Domates Yaprak Güvesi Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) ‘nin Farklı Biyolojik Dönemlerinde Protein İçeriği ve Protein Fraksiyonlarındaki Değişimin İncelenmesi(Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, 2017-08-01) Genç, Hanife; Kuyulu, Akın; Kahrıman, FatihDomates yaprak güvesi, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) son yıllarda ülkemizde domatesin en önemli zararlılarından birisi haline gelmiştir. Bu araştırmada, domates yaprak güvesinin larva, pupa, ergin gibi farklı biyolojik dönemlerindeki protein içeriği ve protein fraksiyonlarındaki değişim incelenmiştir. Örnekler, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, Böcek Moleküler Biyolojisi Laboratuvarı’nda 4 yıldır devamlı olarak yetiştirilen laboratuvar kolonisinden elde edilmiştir. Farklı biyolojik dönemlerdeki örneklerin protein içerikleri Bradford yöntemi kullanılarak tespit edilmiştir. Protein fraksiyonlarının ayrımı, %12’lik Sodyum Dodecyl Sulphate Poliakrilamid Jel (SDS-PAGE) ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda, domates yaprak güvesinin farklı biyolojik dönemlerindeki protein içeriğinin önemli şekilde değiştiği belirlenmiştir. En yüksek protein miktarı %9.41 ile ergin erkek bireylerde belirlenirken, en düşük protein miktarı %5.19 ile II. dönem larvalarda tespit edilmiştir. SDS-PAGE analizi sonucunda elde edilen jel görüntüsünden, boyutlara ayrılan protein fraksiyonlarının moleküler ağırlıkları yaklaşık 49 kDa ile 265 kDa arasında değiştiği saptanmıştır. Tespit edilen bantlar arasında 69 kDa moleküler ağırlığa sahip bant tüm biyolojik dönemlerde belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonuçları doğrultusunda, domates yaprak güvesinin farklı biyolojik dönemlerinin, farklı protein içeriklerine sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir.Öğe Çanakkale’de Gladiolus grandiflorus (Iridaceae) üzerinde Helicoverpa armigera Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuide) ‘nın Gözlenmesi(Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, 2017-08-01) Genç, Hanife; Yücel, Seda; Akçal, ArdaHelicoverpa armigera (Hübner), the cotton bollworm, is the serious and commonly known pest in agricultural areas in the world. In this study, H. armigera was reared at 23±2°C, 65% RH and 16:8 h L:D in the laboratory on leaves and flowers of Gladiolus grandiflorus. The eggs were laid singly on the upperside of the G. grandiflorus leaves. There were 5 larval stages based on molts and head capsule measurements. The development of larvae was completed in an average of 16.75 ± 4.13 days and the survival rate was 64.1%. In this study, developmental period of larval stages, adult fecundity and pupal sex differentiation were determined on the ornamental host of the pest.Öğe Maintaining of the spotted wing Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) Wild Colony on a Suitable Artificial Diet(Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, 2019-12-24) Genç, HanifeLaboratory rearing and adaptation of pest insects have important features to enhance integrated pest management programs. The spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura), is newly introduced pest in Turkey and first reported in 2016, damages important fruit crops. Five agar-based larval diets for laboratory rearing of the spotted wing drosophila were tested. Biological performances were determined based on development times of larva and pupa, number of survival and weights of larva and pupa. Diet II was the best, made by local ingredients for rearing the spotted wing drosophila. Duration of larval development was 5.01± 0.14 d with 95 % of the larval survival. The number of pupal survival was higher than larvae reared on control diet. The spotted wing drosophila were reared on Diet II successfully for 10 consecutive generations.
