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Öğe The effect of pessimism on mental health and tendency to physical violence: The mediating role of psychological strain(Elsevier, 2025) Yücekaya, Mehmet Akif; Uğraş, Sinan; Sagin, Ahmet Enes; Mergan, Barış; Temel, Cenk; Aslan, MuratThis study examines the relationships between psychological strain, mental health, pessimism, and physical violence tendencies in athletes. The sample for the study consists of a total of 600 athletes, including 362 women and 238 men who participate in team sports in the university league. Structural equation modelling was used to test the hypotheses. The findings indicate a negative and significant relationship between pessimism and athletes' mental health, while no direct significant relationship was observed with physical violence tendencies. Furthermore, it has been determined that psychological strain acts as a mediating variable in the relationships between pessimism, athletes' mental health, and physical violence tendencies. These findings point to the importance of psychological support and stress management interventions aimed at protecting athletes' mental health and reducing their physical violence tendencies. The research offers important implications for future studies and applications in the field of sports psychology.Öğe Effectiveness of virtual reality games on the specific sport skills of adolescents(Bmc, 2025) Günar, Bilgetekin Burak; Bavlı, ÖzhanBackground The aim of this study was to examine the basketball-specific skills of young individuals and the acute effects of virtual reality (VR) games. Methods Seventeen high school students aged between 14 and 16 years (mean 15.3 ± 0.85 years) who had not received prior basketball training and VR experiments volunteered for the study. The participants were divided into two groups: the VR group (VRG) and the court group (CG). Both groups engaged in 45-min basketball court training sessions twice a week for eight weeks, whereas the VRG additionally received 15-min sessions of VR basketball exercises twice a week. Before and after the 8-week intervention period, dribbling, slaloming, free throw, and stop shot tests and VR experiment surveys were administered. Results The results revealed no significant difference in within-group pretest-to-posttest comparisons for the CG, whereas the VRG exhibited a significant improvement in repeated measurements of dribbling, slalom, and stop shot tests (p < 0.05). In the between-group repeated measurement difference scores, a significant advantage for the VRG was observed in the stop shoot test (p < 0.05). Conclusion In conclusion, the VR exercises conducted in addition to the 8-week on-court training were found to be effective in improving dribbling, slaloming, and stopping shot skills in basketball. Furthermore, although the VR experience questionnaire revealed that VR games are close to reality, it revealed that there is a need for improvement.Öğe Exploring the interplay of coach behaviours, team resilience, support perception, and collective efficacy in young team athletes(Bmc, 2025) Adiloğulları, İlhan; Şenel, Ender; Kerr-Cumbo, Renzo; Aydemir, RecepTeam sports create a social-psychological environment that shapes athletes' responses to pressure and challenges. Belief in the team's ability to cope with demanding conditions is crucial for individual motivation and collective success, strengthening performance, social bonds, and psychological resilience. This study examines the relationships between perceived supportive coach behaviours, team resilience, and collective efficacy in young athletes. A total of 285 athletes from football, basketball, volleyball, and handball participated, with validated instruments used to measure coach behaviours, team resilience, perceived support, and collective efficacy. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) assessed the interrelationships among these variables. Findings showed that perceived support significantly influences athletes' recognition of supportive coach behaviours, enhances resilience, and reduces vulnerability under pressure. Collective efficacy was a key predictor of resilience and negatively correlated with vulnerabilities. Supportive coaching behaviours alleviated stress and promoted resilience, highlighting the importance of a positive team environment. Indirect effects indicated that perceived support enhances resilience through collective efficacy and supportive behaviours, underlining their mediating role in strengthening team dynamics and psychological responses. The study underscores the importance of perceived support and supportive coaching in fostering resilience and collective efficacy. Athletes who feel supported are more likely to demonstrate resilience and cope with challenges effectively. Coaches should prioritise supportive environments that encourage positive relationships and resilience, helping athletes manage stress and improve performance. Future research could explore the long-term impact of these factors across different team sports.Öğe Qualitative analysis of elite football players' causal attribution to not playing: A perspective of attribution theory(Public Library Science, 2025) Ulaş, Mehmet; Adiloğulları, İlhan; Şenel, EnderThis study explores the causal attributions of professional football players who experience reduced playing time or exclusion from the squad, focusing on the psychological and relational consequences of these experiences. Using a qualitative thematic analysis approach, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 elite football players from Turkey's top league, all of whom had represented the national team. The findings reveal that players predominantly attribute their exclusion to coach preferences and subjective decisions, rather than their performance. This attribution process often leads to negative emotional outcomes, including feelings of exclusion, loss of motivation, diminished self-worth, and identity confusion. The study also highlights that a lack of clear communication from coaches exacerbates these negative emotions and can strain both team dynamics and players' personal lives. Furthermore, the results indicate that prolonged periods of exclusion may result in decreased training effort and a decline in overall performance, creating a negative feedback loop. These findings underscore the importance of transparent communication and supportive coach-athlete relationships in mitigating the adverse effects of reduced playing time. The study contributes to the literature by providing new insights into the underexplored area of athletes' psychological responses to exclusion and offers practical recommendations for coaches to foster athlete motivation and well-being, even in challenging circumstances.Öğe Job-finding anxiety and burnout among university students in Türkiye: The mediating role of school alienation and the moderating role of gender(Tech Science Press, 2025) Aslan, Murat; Ugraş, Sinan; Ateş, Fatih; Akarsu, Mehmet; Akbuga, Taylan; Güllü, Mehmet; Mergan, BarışAlthough prior studies have examined job-finding anxiety, burnout, and school alienation individually, limited research has attempted to integrate these three constructs within a unified framework. This conceptual and contextual gap underscores the need to investigate these interrelations simultaneously, particularly among university students navigating heightened career uncertainties. The present study examined the mediating role of school alienation and the moderating role of gender in the relationship between university students' levels of job-finding anxiety and burnout. A total of 426 university students participated in the study, of whom 54.9% were male (n = 234) and 45.1% were female (n = 192) (Meanage = 23.00, SD = 2.34). The data were collected using the Sports Sciences Students' Job-Finding Anxiety Scale, the University Alienation Scale, and The Burnout Syndrome Inventory Short Version. To test for mediation effects, a simple mediation analysis was conducted, in which job-finding anxiety was treated as the independent variable, alienation as the mediator, and burnout as the dependent variable. Additionally, a conditional mediation analysis was carried out using the Generalized Linear Model module in Jamovi, with gender included as a moderator. Results from a conditional mediation analysis revealed significant positive relationships between job-finding anxiety, burnout, and school alienation among students in the faculty of sports sciences. Furthermore, school alienation was found to mediate the relationship between job-finding anxiety and burnout by transmitting a positive effect (higher job-finding anxiety -+/- higher school alienation -+/- higher burnout), and gender played a moderating role in this interaction such that the indirect path (jobfinding anxiety -+/- alienation -+/- burnout) was slightly stronger for women, whereas the direct path (job-finding anxiety -+/- burnout) was stronger for men. The results of the study were consistent with Conservation of Resources Theory (COR) because job-finding anxiety signals a threat to future resources, school alienation indicates reduced social and personal resources in the university context, and burnout reflects the consequences of continued resource loss. According to the findings, an increase in job-finding anxiety corresponds with a rise in burnout levels among students. The findings highlight the importance of fostering a sense of belonging and implementing gender-sensitive support programs in student counselling and development to reduce job-finding anxiety and burnout.Öğe The effect of physical activity on life satisfaction among sports science students: a moderated mediation model of resilience and mindfulness(Frontiers Media Sa, 2025) Secer, Emrah; Kacay, Zülbiye; Yıldız, Nuh Osman; Talaghir, Laurentiu-Gabriel; Cosoreanu, Dumitru Marius; Bentea, Cristina CorinaBackground: This study examines the effect of physical activity (PA) on life satisfaction (LS), focusing on the mediating role of psychological resilience (PR) and the moderating role of mindfulness (MF). Method: Participants were 363 sports science students (240 male and 123 female). Data were collected through International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form, the Life Satisfaction Scale, the Psychological Resilience Scale-Short Form and the Mindfulness Scale. The measurement model was tested using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) in AMOS 21 and hypothesis were analyzed using Hayes’ (2022) Process Macro models (4, 1, and 7). Results: The mediation effect (Model 4) indicated that the indirect effect of PA on LS through PR was significant. The moderation analysis (Model 1) showed that mindfulness significantly moderated the relationship between PA and PR. Finally, the moderated mediation model (Model 7) confirmed that the indirect effect of PA on LS via PR was stronger at higher levels of mindfulness. Although the effect size was small, it highlights the practical importance of integrating mindfulness in resilience pathways. Conclusion: These findings suggest that physical activity contributes to life satisfaction by enhancing resilience, and that this indirect effect is conditioned by mindfulness. These findings point to the potential value of resilience-building and mindfulness-based programs in educational and psychological practice. However, as the study sample consisted of sports science students from a single faculty, the results should be interpreted with caution regarding generalizability.Öğe Effectiveness of Virtual Environment Exercises on Physical Performance(Univ Physical Education Krakow, 2025) Bavlı, ÖzhanBackground: Virtual environment exercises are becoming more and more popular. Virtual environment activities, which are used for different purposes in many areas, are quite new in the field of sports and need study findings. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 8 weeks of virtual reality (VR) and field-based fitness exercises on the performance characteristics of young individuals. Methods: Thirty participants, with an average age of 19.7 +/- 1.3 years and who had not previously engaged in fitness exercises, volunteered for the study. The participants were randomly assigned to either a fitness exercise group or a virtual exercise group. Measurements of height, weight, static balance, flexibility, sit-up, plank performance, standing long jump, and leg strength were taken before and after the intervention. The data were analyzed via analysis software. Results: The findings of the study revealed that all the values of the measured performance characteristics changed significantly in comparison with those in the preintervention phase. A comparison of these variables revealed that, in comparison with the VR group, participants exposed to fitness training improved their flexibility, long jump, BMI and leg press. On the other hand, the VR group demonstrated significantly greater improvement in balance performance than did the fitness group. Conclusions: Based on these findings, VR-based exercise interventions may be more effective than traditional fitness training in improving balance, whereas traditional fitness training appears superior for leg strength, flexibility, and long jump performance.Öğe Psychological predictors of mental well-being in Judo athletes: Exploring the impacts of the coach-athlete relationship, social support, and psychological safety(Elsevier, 2025) Şenel, Ender; Kuettel, Andreas; Adiloğulları, İlhan; Jowett, SophiaPsychological predictors of mental well-being are crucial for improving athletes' mental health. Identifying and supporting the mental health of athletes is essential for a well-functional elite sports system. Previous research suggested that the quality of the coach-athlete relationship and a psychologically safe interpersonal environment can positively influence mental health. However, the interplay between these components and the role of social support has yet to be tested empirically. Therefore, the present study explored the impact of coach-athlete relationship quality and psychological safety on mental well-being through perceived social support within and outside sports. A sample of 323 national and international Turkish Judo athletes completed online questionnaires. Structural equation modelling revealed significant positive effects of the coach-athlete relationship on Judo athletes' mental well-being, mediated by social support and psychological safety. These findings demonstrate that the quality of the coach-athlete relationship can enhance perceived support in and outside sport, and perceived social support can contribute to experiencing a psychologically safe environment within which mental health issues are discussed, leading to an elevated well-being. The coach-athlete relationship alone was not a key factor for enhancing a psychologically safe environment related to athletes' mental health. However, the relationship athletes develop with their coach positively influences mental well-being via the perception of received social support and an enhanced psychologically safe environment specifically designed to allow athletes to discuss mental health issues. These results offer practical recommendations for coaches and professionals working in sports to improve athletes' mental well-being.Öğe Physical activity levels and psychological parameters among university students following the COVID-19 pandemic(Bmc, 2025) Yapar, Ahmet; Özgider, Can; Adiloğulları, İlhan; Bavlı, Özhan; Adiloğulları, Gamze ElifBackgroundThe worldwide pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus has profoundly impacted virtually every aspect of life. The education sector was also significantly impacted, with numerous educational institutions adopting online learning due to the pandemic. The university period is one of substantial transformation and transition for young individuals. During this educational stage, the advent of emerging social networks, coupled with the necessity for effective network management, can precipitate stress in university students, potentially leading to alterations in their psychological well-being. The objective of this study was to compare the self-efficacy, psychological resilience and self-confidence of university students with different levels of physical activity (PA) according to gender and school year variables.MethodsThe study was a cross-sectional design. The Sample comprised 2,868 undergraduate students, 1,405 female and 1,463 male, enrolled in 10 different faculties at & Ccedil;anakkale Onsekiz Mart University. The participants were administered the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, the General Self-Confidence Scale, the Psychological Resilience Scale and the Self-Efficacy Scale.ResultsSignificant difference was observed between the general self-efficacy score of participants with low and moderate PA levels and those with high levels of PA. The psychological resilience variable was affected by the level of PA. Individuals with a low level of PA exhibited a lower level of psychological resilience than those with a moderate or high level of PA. Upon analysis of self-confidence, both internal and external self-confidence scores demonstrated an upward trajectory for the low, moderate, and high PA groups. Furthermore, the results of the study indicated that as the level of PA increased, there was a corresponding increase in self-efficacy, psychological resilience and self-confidence among university students.ConclusionsResults indicated that higher levels of PA among university students were positively associated with increased self-confidence, self-efficacy, and psychological resilience. Consequently, by facilitating the organization of diverse physical activities and providing opportunities, university administrations can foster enhanced self-confidence, self-efficacy and psychological resilience among their students.Öğe Unemployment-Related Anxiety among Faculty of Sport Sciences Students. Quantitative Research(Lumen Publishing House, 2023) Kaçay, Zülbiye; Yıldız, Nuh Osman; Zengin, Samet; Nanu, LilianaThe article is focused on reproducing results from a study examining the anxiety levels of students studying at the faculty of sports sciences. The research is constructed on the basis of the causal comparison method. The research group of investigation was consisted from 253 sports science faculty students (118 F and 135 M). Their selection was made using accessible sampling method (non-random sampling). For data collection we used 12 psychometric questions, tool elaborated by Ersoy-Kart & Erdost (2008), used in order to find the unemployment anxiety of university students. For data analysis, parametric tests such as One Way ANOVA and Independent Sample t Test were used, as a result of the normality distribution test. Based on the results we identified that the anxiety levels of the students were above the medium level, with no significant difference according to gender, age, parental education level and being a licensed athlete, but there was a significant difference in unemployment anxiety level according to income level. Researchers identified the students studying at the sports management department had a considerable level of anxiety about the possibility of experiencing a unemployment problem after graduation. The anxiety they identified was generally related to the income levels.Öğe The role of transformational leadership in the associations between coach-athlete relationship and team resilience: A study on elite football players(Springernature, 2024) Karayel, Erkan; Adiloğulları, İlhan; Şenel, EnderThis study explores the relationship between the quality of coach-athlete relationships, transformational leadership style, and team resilience in elite football players. The coach-athlete relationship is an essential factor affecting many performance-related properties of athletes, such as mental health, psychological needs, motivation, and resilience. The study examines how the quality of coach-athlete relationships explains the team resilience feature through transformational leadership. The research group includes 210 elite players from the Super League, First League, Second League, and Third Leagues of the Turkish Football Federation (TFF) in the 2020-2021 football season. The study used descriptive and relational models to explore the current state of the dependent and independent variables and examine their relationships. The findings revealed insights into the mediating role of the coach's transformational leadership qualities, highlighting how the quality of coach-athlete relationships impacts team resilience.Öğe Investigating the impact of coach behaviours and coach-athlete relationships on psychological safety(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2024) Senel, Ender; Jowett, Sophia; Adiloğulları, İlhan; Kerr-Cumbo, RenzoThe aims of the present study were two-fold: (a) to examine the links between two sets of perceived coach behaviours (supportive and controlling) and psychological safety, as well as (b) to explore whether the quality of the coach-athlete relationship explains the link between the two sets of coach behaviours and psychological safety. A total of 295 Turkish athletes (42% female and 58% male) in team sports with a mean age of 21.69 (+/- 4.71) completed a multi-section questionnaire that measured the three main variables of the study, namely, coach behaviours, coach-athlete relationship quality, and psychological safety. Structural equation modelling revealed that both perceived coach behaviours (supportive and thwarting/controlling) and coach-athlete relationship quality predicted athletes' psychological safety in their team. Moreover, the quality of the coach-athlete relationship explained the association between athletes' perceptions of coach behaviours and psychological safety within the team context. The findings of this study contribute to growing research that examines the processes by which psychological safety can be nurtured in sports. While evidence thus far suggests that a coach orchestrates the environment, the findings of this study would seem to suggest that athletes, through good-quality relationships with their coaches, can stimulate the creation of a psychologically safe environment. The findings are discussed with a particular emphasis on future research directions and practical applications.Öğe Do we need a guideline for all: a qualitative study on the experiences of male athletes following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction(BMC, 2024) Gökmen, Mehmet Yiğit; Çepikkurt, Fatma; Belibağlı, Mehmet Cenk; Uluöz, Mesut; Çoşkun Özyol, Funda; Bavlı, Özhan; Karıncaoğlu, ErginBackground Considering the low rate of qualitative studies on athletes with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), aiming to access in-depth data, we thought that the utilization of the qualitative method would allow us to collect the appropriate and sufficient data to yield novel findings and achieve sound conclusions. The study’s aim was to investigate anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury experience processes in athletes who had undergone isolated ACLR, reveal the clinically related milestones, and highlight the necessary gaps. Methods Semi-structured interview techniques, in-depth follow-up questions, and thematic analysis were used to explore the experiences of participants with isolated ACL injuries 1–3 years after surgical treatment. The study was conducted in the Orthopaedics and Traumatology outpatient clinic of the Adana City Training and Research Hospital and included 14 male athletes who had undergone isolated primary ACLR. The study group’s demographic and qualitative data were collected in the first week of September 2023. The member checking process was completed in the third following week. A thematic analysis checklist was used to ensure the reliability of the thematic analysis. The Consolidated Criteria for Reporting of Qualitative Research (COREQ) guidelines were followed. Results The experiences of 14 patients (22.78 ± 3.76 years, all males) were summarized into four themes that emerged from the data analysis process: ‘The Distinctions in the Participants’ Experiences Regarding the Moment of Injury,’ ‘Gathering Information about the ACL Injury,’ ‘Factors That Facilitate The Treatment Process and Reinforce Positive Experiences,’ and ‘Desperate Plight: Main Points of Patients’ Negative Experiences.’ Based on the main themes, there were 14 subthemes. Conclusions Our study revealed that varying perceptions of ACL injury presented by the participants, which were caused by all stakeholders, including themselves, the professional environment, family members, social network, and the healthcare staff, showed that the physical and psychological impacts of the injury were observed in different severity levels at each stage of the process. We believe that an extensive guide for athletes with ACL injuries that includes all components of well-being and displays the required details for the sports club/coach, family/companion, and physician.Öğe Observational Collective Efficacy Scale for Sport (OCESS): Validity and Reliability Study of the Turkish Form(2023) Şenel, Ender; Yıldız, Mevlüt; Görgülü, Recep; Adiloğulları, İlhanThe study aimed to analyze the Observational Collective Efficacy Scale for Sport (OCESS). 242 Turkish athletes and 85 Turkish coaches participated in the study. After performing the first step for the language validity of the scale by using the translation-back translation method, it was sent to the athletes as an online form. Athletes responded to the items voluntarily. KMO and Bartlett’s test of sphericity values were calculated to determine whether the data was proper for factor analysis. The initial factor structure of the scale was tested with CFA. While the Pearson correlation test was used for criterion-related validity, the internal consistency coefficient was calculated with Cronbach’s alpha. While KMO was found to be 0.84, Bartlett’s test of sphericity was statistically significant. The item factor loadings ranged between 0.64 and 0.88. In sum, the Turkish version of the OCESS presents acceptable psychometric properties and may be used to assess athletes’ collective efficacy beliefs in team sports repeatedly.Öğe The Effect of Athlete Mindfulness on the Development of Athlete Psychological Skills(Selcuk University, 2023) Yıldız, Nuh Osman; Önal, Aydanur; Kaçay, ZülbiyeThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of athlete mindfulness, which is expressed as the ability of athletes to establish a cause-effect relationship without losing the perception of reality in the moments and situations related to sports, on the development of their psychological skills, which is emphasized by sports psychologists to positively affect athlete performance by 85%. This study was designed according to the relational screening and causal comparison methods in order to examine the interaction between the variables. The study group comprised of 362 athletes who can be reached by non-random sampling methods and determined according to the criterion sampling method. As a data collection tool "Athlete Psychological Skills Assessment Scale" developed by Smith et al., (1995) and adapted to Turkish culture by Erhan et al. (2015) was used. Also, “Athlete Mindfulness Scale” developed by Thienot et al. (2014) and adapted to Turkish culture by Tingaz (2020) was used. In the analysis of the data obtained, the demographic variables of the participants were analyzed by correlation and t-test in independent samples, and structural equation model was used in determining the effect of mindfulness levels of athletes on the development of their psychological skills. As a result, it has been concluded that the mindfulness of the athletes is a significant predictor of the development of the psychological skills of the athletes and explains it at the level of .30.Öğe Dijital Çağda Spor Taraftarlığı: Dijital Dönüşümün Etkileri(Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, 2024) Şengül Gültekin, Gülnur; Kaçay, ZülbiyeAmaç: Dijital çağ, spor taraftarlığını köklü bir şekilde dönüştürmüştür. Sporun dijitalleşmesi, spor izleyiciliğini daha erişilebilir, dinamik ve etkileşimli hale getirmiştir. E-Sporun yükselişi, dijital teknolojilerin sporla entegrasyonunun en belirgin örneğidir ve bu yeni spor dalı, geleneksel spor anlayışını değiştirmiştir. Bu araştırmada dijitalleşmenin spor taraftarlığı üzerindeki etkilerinin analiz edilerek, dijital teknolojilerin spor izleyiciliği ve taraftar etkileşimindeki rolünün incelenmesi amaçlamaktadır. Yöntem: Bu çalışma, konuyla ilgili literatür verilerini inceleyerek konuya ilişkin verileri aydınlatmayı amaçlayan bir derleme çalışmasıdır. Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science akademik veri tabanları kullanılarak anahtar kelimeler ve konu başlıkları aracılığıyla yayınlanmış çalışmalar taranmış ve bu çalışmalar üzerinden bir değerlendirme yapılmıştır. Bulgular: Bu çalışma, dijitalleşmenin spor dünyasında spor taraftarlığını daha erişilebilir, etkileşimli ve dinamik hale getirdiğini, sosyal medya ve dijital platformlar aracılığıyla taraftar katılımını artırdığını ortaya koymaktadır. E-Spor'un yükselişi, dijital teknolojilerin spora entegrasyonunun güçlü bir örneği olarak öne çıkarken, dijitalleşme aynı zamanda dijital bağımlılık, sosyal izolasyon ve gizlilik riskleri gibi olumsuz etkiler doğurmuştur. Bulgular, dijital dönüşümün sporun gelecekteki dinamiklerini şekillendireceğini göstermektedir. Sonuç: Sonuç olarak; dijital platformlar ve sosyal medya, taraftarların spor etkinliklerine anında erişim ve etkileşim imkanını artırmış ayrıca spor pazarlaması ve sponsorluğunun daha geniş kitlelere ulaşmasını sağlamıştır. Çalışma sonucunun sporun dijitalleşmesi ile literatüre katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.Öğe Farklılaştırılmış Dönüşümcü Liderlik Envanteri: Spor Ortamında Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması(Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, 2024) Görgülü, Recep; Adiloğulları, İlhan; Engin, Merve Begüm; Şenel, EnderAmaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı Farklılaştırılmış Dönüşümcü Liderlik Envanterinin Türkçe formunun geçerlik ve güvenirliğinin sporcularda test edilmesidir. Yöntem: Çalışmanın örneklemini 40 kadın (X̅yaş=19.58±2.26) 147 erkek (X̅yaş =22.29±4.29) olmak üzere toplam 187 (X̅yaş=21.81±6.40) sporcu oluşturmaktadır. Envanterin her bir alt boyutu için uyum indeksleri ve faktör yükleri hesaplanmıştır. Farklılaştırılmış Dönüşümcü Liderlik Envanteri, 27 madde ve 7 alt boyuttan oluşan beşli likert tipi bir envanterdir. Bu envanter sporcuların antrenörlerindeki liderlik özelliklerini; bireysel ilgi, ilham verici motivasyon, düşünsel uyarım, grup hedeflerinin kabulünü teşvik etme ve takım çalışmasını destekleme, yüksek performans beklentisi, uygun rol model ve koşullu ödül olmak üzere toplam 7 alt boyutta değerlendirmelerine olanak sağlamaktadır. Envanterin yapı geçerliği doğrulayıcı faktör analiziyle test edilirken ölçüt bağıntılı geçerlik için korelasyon testi kullanılmıştır. Envanterin iç tutarlılık katsayısı alfa katsayısı ile hesaplanırken güvenirlik için bileşik güvenirlik katsayısı hesaplanmıştır. Envanterin her bir boyutu için uyum indeksleri hesaplanırken 7 faktörlü model yapısı da test edilmiştir. Bulgular: Analiz sonuçları her bir boyutun mükemmel uyum indekslerine sahip olduğunu gösterirken 7 faktörlü model için bazı maddelerin çıkarılması gerektiğini ortaya koymuştur. İlgili maddeler çıkarıldıktan sonra analizler yeniden yapılmış ve 7 faktörlü modelin kabul edilebilir düzeyde uyum indekslerine sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Sonuç: Sonuç olarak, Farklılaştırılmış Dönüşümcü Liderlik Envanterinin Türkçe formunun Türk sporcuların antrenörlerine ilişkin dönüşümcü liderlik algılarını ölçmek için uygun olduğu söylenebilir.Öğe Siyasi Parti Programlarında Sporun Siyasal İşlevleri(Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, 2023) Güder, Erda Nur; Cerrahoğlu, NecatiAmaç: Siyasi partiler, demokratik bir yaşamın vazgeçilmez olgusudur. Spor ve siyaset her iki alanında birbirlerini etkilediği ve şekillendirdiği bir gerçektir. Ancak koşullara ve tarihsel bağlama göre farklılık gösterebilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, siyasi parti programlarında “spor” olgusunun siyasal açıdan işlevleri incelenecektir. Yöntem: Siyasi parti programlarında sporun siyasal işlevlerini araştırmayı amaçlayan bu makalede verilerin elde edilmesinde doküman analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. 24 Haziran 2018 tarihinden sonra parlamentoda grubu olan; Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi, Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi, Milliyetçi Hareket Partisi, İyi Parti ve Halkların Demokratik Partisi’nin programlarında sporla ilgili faaliyetleri incelenecektir. Bulgular ve Sonuç: Siyasi partiler, spor ile ilgili konulara değinmişlerdir. Fakat iktidarda olan Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi ve muhalefet parti olan Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi sporla ilgili ayrıntılı bir şekilde açıklama yaparken diğer partiler sadece beyan etmişlerdir. Genel olarak siyasi partilerin sporla ilgili konulara kayıtsız olmadıkları görülmektedir.Öğe Seyirci Merkezli Spor Takım İtibarının İncelenmesi(Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, 2023) Yıldız, Nuh Osman; Özsoy, Ahmet; Kaçay, ZülbiyeAmaç: Spor takım itibarı “Seyircilerin bağlı olduğu spor takımlarının; takım performansı, takım geleneği, takımın sosyal sorumluluğu, seyirci odaklılık, yönetim kalitesi ve finansal sağlamlık gibi var olan faaliyetlerine yönelik kalite algısı” olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Bu minvalde takım itibarının en büyük paydaşlardan olan seyircilerin bağlılığının ve aidiyetinin sağlanması takım itibarının korunması adına gün geçtikçe daha da önemli hâle gelmektedir. Bu bağlamda söz konusu çalışma taraftarların spor takımlarının itibarlarına yönelik algılarını ölçmeyi ve taraftarlardaki bu algının, taraftarlar arasında çeşitli demografik özelliklere göre farklılıklarını tespit etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Yöntem: Çalışma ilişkisel tarama ve nedensel karşılaştırma yöntemlerine göre tasarlanmıştır. Çalışmanın örneklemi 69 kadın (%32.1), 146 erkek (%67.9) toplam 215 katılımcıdan oluşmaktadır. Ölçüm aracı olarak Jang, Ko, ve Chan-Olmsted (2015) tarafından geliştirilen Seyirci Merkezli Spor Takımı İtibarı Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Ölçüm aracına bu çalışma özelinde doğrulayıcı faktör analizi uygulanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde tanımlayıcı istatistik ve normallik testi yapılmıştır. Elde edilen verilerin analizinde Tek Yönlü Çok Değişkenli Varyans analizinden faydalanılmıştır. Bulgular: Seyirci tabanlı spor takımı itibar ölçeğinin alt boyutlarından; takım performansı ve finansal performans boyutlarında ve toplam puanında cinsiyet değişkeni açısından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık tespit edilmiştir. (p<0,007). Taraftarların destekledikleri takımlara yönelik spor takım itibar algılarında; ölçeğin toplamında ve takım performansı, takım geleneği, yönetim kalitesi ve finansal performans boyutlarında anlamlı bir farklılık tespit edilmiştir (p< 0,007). Sonuç: Taraftarların, destekledikleri spor takımlarının itibarlarına yönelik algılarının yüksek olduğu, cinsiyet ve taraftarı olunan takım değişkenleri açısından da farklılık gösterdiği ortaya çıkmıştır.Öğe Amatör Sporcuların Yeni Tip Koronavirüse (Covid-19) Yakalanma Kaygılarının İncelenmesi (Çanakkale İli Örneği)(Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, 2022) Cihangir, Hilal Necla; Özgider, Can; Olcaş, Fatih; Güneşli, EmrePurpose: This study was conducted to examine the anxiety levels of amateur athletes about catching the new type of coronavirus (COVID-19). Method: 415 athletes, who are actively engaged in sports at amateur level, voluntarily participated in the research. In order to measure the anxiety of the athletes, the 'Athletes' Anxiety Scale for Containing the New Type of Corona Virus (Covid-19) Athletes (SYTKYKÖ)', which consists of 16 items and 2 factors, was developed by Demir, Cicioğlu and İlhan (2020). Results: The analysis of the obtained data was evaluated in the SPSS 20 package program. 229 of the athletes participating in the research do team sports, and 186 athletes do individual sports. 10.1% of the athletes participating in the study stated that they had caught the coronavirus. 89.9% of them stated that they did not catch the coronavirus. 7.5% of the athletes participating in the study stated that they had a chronic illness. 92.5% stated that they do not have a chronic disease. 86.5% of the athletes participating in the research stated that they follow the covid-19 news on social media. 13.5% of them stated that they do not follow covid-19 news from social media. 63.4% of the athletes participating in the study stated that they exercised at home. 36.6% of them stated that they do not exercise at home. A significant difference was found at p<0.05 level in individual anxiety and socialization anxiety subdimensions according to team and individual sports. A significant difference was found at the p<0.05 level in the socialization anxiety sub-dimension according to the variable of doing sports at home. Conclusion: As a result, the state of anxiety experienced by the athletes may cause some negativities and affect the success negatively. In order to prevent this situation, it is thought that coaches and athletes should also develop their psychological skills and work on this.
