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    Paternalistic Leadership and Organizational Identification: The Mediating Role of Forgiveness Climate
    (Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2022) Yesiltas, Murat; Gurlek, Mert; Tuna, Muharrem; Kanten, Pelin; Ceken, Huseyin
    This study aimed to investigate the relationships among paternalistic leadership, forgiveness climate and organizational identification. A survey questionnaire was used to collect data from different level managers and employees working in tourist hotels in Bodrum peninsula, Turkey. The results indicate that moral and benevolent dimensions of paternalistic leadership directly impact on forgiveness climate, and only one paternalistic leadership dimension (benevolent) and forgiveness climate had impact on organizational identification. Also, this study investigates the mediating effect of forgiveness climate in the relationships between paternalistic leadership and organizational identification. Findings show that forgiveness climate mediates both moral and benevolent dimensions of paternalistic leadership and organizational identification. This study contributes to a better understanding of the roles of forgiveness climate in the hotel industry.
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    Perceptions of hotel managers on future of all-inclusive system after COVID-19: the context of technology hygiene and cost cycle
    (Emerald Group Publishing Ltd, 2022) Diker, Oguz; Akbas Tuna, Aysen; Uysal, Muzaffer; Tuna, Muharrem
    Purpose The all-inclusive system comprises a large share of supply and demand in the worldwide tourism market. All-inclusive system investments occupy a large place in the Mediterranean coastline, especially in Turkey. The risk that may arise for hotels operating with the all-inclusive system will affect the whole market in terms of supply and demand. The aim of this study is to determine the perceptions of the managers regarding the changes that may occur in demand and supply in the all-inclusive system after the COVID-19 pandemic and their consequences without disturbing the cost balance in an all-inclusive system. Design/methodology/approach The research was conducted by using an online interview method with a semi-structured interview form that includes questions on the effects of COVID-19 on all-inclusive systems. Obtained data were analyzed by using content analysis methods. Findings The findings suggest that COVID-19 directly or indirectly influences visitor expectations and behavior, use of physical space and services provided in all-inclusive system within the technology, hygiene and cost cycle. Because of the effect of COVID-19, there have been important alterations in the use of physical space and service contents. Related changes brought about the pressure to reduce costs. Ensuring the managerial balance for these costs, which cannot be subsidized with direct prices, will provide priority with regard to both competitive advantages and managing the risk perception. Originality/value There are limited studies on all-inclusive systems and operations. Additionally, there is a lack of studies based on managers' perceptions of the future of all-inclusive. This study contributes toward a better understanding of perceptions about the future of high-demand all-inclusive systems within the effect of COVID-19 through the eyes of hotel managers. This study differs from existing literature by attempting to determine new ways to enrich service contents for risk management without changing cost structure and revealing strategies for effective sustainability of all-inclusive systems.